Combined detection of supernova neutrino signals

Supernova neutrino detection in neutrino and dark matter experiments is usually implemented as a real-time trigger system based on counting neutrino interactions within a moving time window. The sensitivity reach of such experiments can be improved by taking into account the time profile of the expected signal. We propose a shape analysis of the incoming experimental data based on a log likelihood ratio variable containing the assumed signal shape. This approach also allows a combination of potential supernova signals in different detectors for a further sensitivity boost. The method is tested on the NOvA detectors to study their combined sensitivity to the core-collapse supernova signal, and also on KamLAND, Borexino and SK-Gd as potential detectors of presupernova neutrinos. Using the shape analysis enhances the signal significance for supernova detection and prediction, as well as the sensitivity reach of the experiment. It also extends the supernova prediction time when applied to the presupernova neutrino signal detection. Enhancements achieved with the shape analysis persist even in the case when the actual signal doesn't match the expected signal model.

Regenerative Agriculture: farmer motivation, environment and climate improvement

Regenerative agriculture has become a social movement in farming. It embraces the environmental basis of farming. Land, water and nutrients are viewed as an ecological whole. This includes bacteria and mycorrhiza as essential to soil health and plant diversity, and mob stocking and no-till farming above ground. Regen ag, as regenerative agriculture is often called, is a paradigm shift for farmers, who are often perceived as resistant. There is a mismatch between academic and policy interest focusing on the scientific need for and value of regenerative agriculture, and the social and human motivating benefits of regenerative agriculture. This crucial willingness, not simply the turn away from denialism, is the signal significance of this new form of farming. In New Zealand and globally, climate change and environmental degradation can be addressed much more quickly, more thoroughly and less contentiously if regenerative agriculture is supported and extended, even as science documentation is achieved over time.

Search for $$Z'$$ pair production from scalar boson decay in minimal $$U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$$ model at the LHC

We consider a model with gauged $$L_\mu ^{} - L_\tau ^{}$$ L μ - L τ symmetry in which the symmetry is spontaneously broken by a scalar field. The decay of the scalar boson into two new gauge bosons is studied as a direct consequence of the spontaneous symmetry breaking. Then, a possibility of searches for the gauge and scalar bosons through such a decay at the LHC experiment is discussed. We consider the case that the mass range of the gauge boson is $${\mathcal {O}}(10)$$ O ( 10 ) GeV, which is motivated by anomalies reported by LHCb. We will show that the signal significance of the searches for the gauge boson and scalar boson reach to 3 and 5 for the scalar mixing 0.012 and 0.015, respectively.

Flavor-changing decay h → τ μ at super hadron colliders

We study the flavor-changing decay h → τ μ with τ = τ− +τ+ and μ = μ− +μ+ of a Higgs boson at future hadron colliders, namely: a) High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, b) High Energy Large Hadron Collider and c) Future hadron-hadron Circular Collider. The theoretical framework adopted is the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model type III. The free model parameters involved in the calculation are constrained through Higgs boson data, Lepton Flavor Violating processes and the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment; later they are used to analyze the branching ratio of the decay h → τ μ and to evaluate the gg → h production cross section. We find that at the Large Hadron Collider is not possible to claim for evidence of the decay h → τ μ achieving a signal significance about of 1.46σ by considering its final integrated luminosity, 300 fb−1. More promising results arise at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider in which a prediction of 4.6σ when an integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 and tan β = 8 are achieved. Meanwhile, at the High Energy Large Hadron Collider (Future hadron-hadron Circular Collider) a potential discovery could be claimed with a signal significance around 5.04σ (5.43σ) for an integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 and tan β = 8 (5 ab−1 and tan β = 4).

The signatures of the new particles $$h_{2}$$ and $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$ at e-p colliders in the $${U(1)}_{L^{}_{\mu } - L^{}_{\tau } }$$ model

Considering the superior performances of the future e-p colliders, LHeC and FCC-eh, we discuss the feasibility of detecting the extra neutral scalar $$h_{2}$$h2 and the light gauge boson $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ, which are predicted by the $${U(1)}_{L^{}_{\mu } - L^{}_{\tau }}$$U(1)Lμ-Lτ model. Taking into account the experimental constraints on the relevant free parameters, we consider all possible production channels of $$h_{2}$$h2 and $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ at e-p colliders and further investigate their observability through the optimal channels in the case of the beam polarization $$\hbox {P}(e^{-})= -0.8$$P(e-)=-0.8. We find that the signal significance above $$5\sigma $$5σ of $$h_{2}$$h2 as well as $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ detecting can be achieved via "Equation missing" process and a $$5\sigma $$5σ sensitivity of $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ detecting can be gained via "Equation missing" process at e-p colliders with appropriate parameter values and a designed integrated luminosity. However, the signals of $$h_{2}$$h2 decays into pair of SM particles are difficult to be detected.

Measurements of open charm production and flow in √sNN = 200GeV Au+Au collisions with the STAR experiment at RHIC

We present an improved, higher statistics, measurement with respect to the previously published results of the D0 meson elliptic flow (v2) as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV with the STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT). The D0 v2 results are compared to those of light-flavor hadrons to test the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling. They are also compared to recent hydrodynamic and transport model calculations. We also report on the updated measurements of D0 nuclear modification factors RAA and RCP using the 2014 data. The measured D0 RAAin central collisions is less than 1 across the entire pT region. The D0 yields show strong suppression at high pT (> 6 GeV/c) in central collisions, consistent with those of light flavor hadrons. We also report the measurements of collision centrality and pT dependences of the Λ±c production in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV, using the HFT. The Λ±c signal significance is greatly improved with the addition of the highstatistics data set collected in 2016 and the use of a supervised machine learning method for a more effcient topological reconstruction of the decay vertices. The measured Λ±c/D0 ratio in 10-80% Au+Au collisions shows a significant enhancement compared to the PYTHIA prediction for p + p collisions, across the measured pT range.

A Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for Screening Disulfide Tethering Fragments

We report the refinement of a high-throughput, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)–based screening method for the identification of covalent small-molecule binders to proteins. Using a custom library of 1600 disulfide-capped fragments targeting surface cysteine residues, we optimize sample preparation, chromatography, and ionization conditions to maximize the reliability and flexibility of the approach. Data collection at a rate of 84 s per sample balances speed with reliability for sustained screening over multiple, diverse projects run over a 24-month period. The method is applicable to protein targets of various classes and a range of molecular masses. Data are processed in a custom pipeline that calculates a percent bound value for each compound and identifies false positives by calculating significance of detected masses (signal significance). An example pipeline is available through Biovia’s ScienceCloud Protocol Exchange. Data collection and analysis methods for the screening of covalent adducts of intact proteins are now fast enough to screen the largest covalent compound libraries in 1 to 2 days.