WARD-TAKAHASHI IDENTITIES AND SPIN-0 COMPONENTS OF W AND Z FIELDS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3240-3242
Author(s):  
Bing An Li
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scalar Fields

It is shown that three scalar fields are dynamically generated after spontaneous symmetry breaking. Their masses are dynamically determined at about 1014GeV. They are ghosts. Unitarity of the SM is broken at 1014GeV.

scholarly journals Gravitationally coupled magnetic monopole and conformal symmetry breakingThis paper was presented at the Theory CANADA 4 conference, held at Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada on 4–7 June 2008.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Edery ◽  
Luca Fabbri ◽  
M. B. Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Conformal Symmetry ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Conformally Invariant ◽  
The Core

We consider a Georgi–Glashow model conformally coupled to gravity. The conformally invariant action includes a triplet of scalar fields and SO(3) non-Abelian gauge fields. However, the usual mass term μ2ϕ2 is forbidden by the symmetry, and this role is now played by the conformal coupling of the Ricci scalar to the scalar fields. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs via gravitation. The spherically symmetric solutions correspond to localized solitons (magnetic monopoles) in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and the metric outside the core of the monopole is found to be Schwarzschild–AdS. Though conformal symmetry excludes the Einstein–Hilbert term in the original action, it emerges in the effective action after spontaneous symmetry breaking and dominates the low-energy–long-distance regime outside the core of the monopole.

My Life as a Boson: The Story of "The Higgs"

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Peter Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Landau Theory ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Bcs Theory ◽  
Goldstone Theorem ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Goldstone Bosons ◽  
Massless Spin ◽  
The Subject

The story begins in 1960, when Nambu, inspired by the BCS theory of superconductivity, formulated chirally invariant relativistic models of interacting massless fermions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking generates fermionic masses (the analogue of the BCS gap). Around the same time Jeffrey Goldstone discussed spontaneous symmetry breaking in models containing elementary scalar fields (as in Ginzburg-Landau theory). I became interested in the problem of how to avoid a feature of both kinds of model, which seemed to preclude their relevance to the real world, namely the existence in the spectrum of massless spin-zero bosons (Goldstone bosons). By 1962 this feature of relativistic field theories had become the subject of the Goldstone theorem.

scholarly journals Proca Q-balls and Q-shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Heeck ◽  
Arvind Rajaraman ◽  
Rebecca Riley ◽  
Christopher B. Verhaaren
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Gauge Boson ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Topological Solitons ◽  
Analytic Approximations ◽  
Frame Work

Abstract Non-topological solitons such as Q-balls and Q-shells have been studied for scalar fields invariant under global and gauged U(1) symmetries. We generalize this frame-work to include a Proca mass for the gauge boson, which can arise either from spontaneous symmetry breaking or via the Stückelberg mechanism. A heavy (light) gauge boson leads to solitons reminiscent of the global (gauged) case, but for intermediate values these Proca solitons exhibit completely novel features such as disconnected regions of viable parameter space and Q-shells with unbounded radius. We provide numerical solutions and excellent analytic approximations for both Proca Q-balls and Q-shells. These allow us to not only demonstrate the novel features numerically, but also understand and predict their origin analytically.

Twisted quantum fields in a curved space–time

1978 ◽  
Vol 362 (1710) ◽  
pp. 383-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vector Bundles ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Complex Scalar ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Product Vector ◽  
Twisted Fields

Non-trivial space–time topology leads to the possibility of twisted fields viewed as cross sections of non-product vector bundles. For globally hyperbolic space–times twisted real and complex scalar fields are especially interesting, and are in one-to-one correspondence with certain groups determined by the space–time topology. Twisted fields can be quantized and lead to results differing from the usual ones. For example, spontaneous symmetry breaking may be suppressed and regularized vacuum self-energies take on different values. Sets of twisted fields may be collected together into a type of super-multiplet whose size is determined by the space–time topology.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of dislocation core in SrTiO3

2021 ◽  
pp. 100453
Author(s):  
Hetian Chen ◽  
Di Yi ◽  
Ben Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Cewen Nan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Dislocation Core

scholarly journals Symmetry breaking at high temperatures in large N gauge theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadeep Chaudhuri ◽  
Eliezer Rabinovici
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Weakly Coupled

Abstract Considering marginally relevant and relevant deformations of the weakly coupled (3 + 1)-dimensional large N conformal gauge theories introduced in [1], we study the patterns of phase transitions in these systems that lead to a symmetry-broken phase in the high temperature limit. These deformations involve only the scalar fields in the models. The marginally relevant deformations are obtained by varying certain double trace quartic couplings between the scalar fields. The relevant deformations, on the other hand, are obtained by adding masses to the scalar fields while keeping all the couplings frozen at their fixed point values. At the N → ∞ limit, the RG flows triggered by these deformations approach the aforementioned weakly coupled CFTs in the UV regime. These UV fixed points lie on a conformal manifold with the shape of a circle in the space of couplings. As shown in [1], in certain parameter regimes a subset of points on this manifold exhibits thermal order characterized by the spontaneous breaking of a global ℤ2 or U(1) symmetry and Higgsing of a subset of gauge bosons at all nonzero temperatures. We show that the RG flows triggered by the marginally relevant deformations lead to a weakly coupled IR fixed point which lacks the thermal order. Thus, the systems defined by these RG flows undergo a transition from a disordered phase at low temperatures to an ordered phase at high temperatures. This provides examples of both inverse symmetry breaking and symmetry nonrestoration. For the relevant deformations, we demonstrate that a variety of phase transitions are possible depending on the signs and magnitudes of the squares of the masses added to the scalar fields. Using thermal perturbation theory, we derive the approximate values of the critical temperatures for all these phase transitions. All the results are obtained at the N → ∞ limit. Most of them are found in a reliable weak coupling regime and for others we present qualitative arguments.

scholarly journals Tachyons and Solitons in Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Frame of Field Theory

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Yiannis Contoyiannis ◽  
Michael P. Hanias ◽  
Pericles Papadopoulos ◽  
Stavros G. Stavrinides ◽  
Myron Kampitakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Universality Class ◽  
Lattice Simulation ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ising Spin ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

This paper presents our study of the presence of the unstable critical point in spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau (G-L) free energy. Through a 3D Ising spin lattice simulation, we found a zone of hysteresis where the unstable critical point continued to exist, despite the system having entered the broken symmetry phase. Within the hysteresis zone, the presence of the kink–antikink SSB solitons expands and, therefore, these can be observed. In scalar field theories, such as Higgs fields, the mass of this soliton inside the hysteresis zone could behave as a tachyon mass, namely as an imaginary quantity. Due to the fact that groups Ζ(2) and SU(2) belong to the same universality class, one expects that, in future experiments of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, in addition to the expected bosons condensations, structures of tachyon fields could appear.

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