scholarly journals Fate of false vacua in holographic first-order phase transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bigazzi ◽  
Alessio Caddeo ◽  
Aldo L. Cotrone ◽  
Angel Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Using the holographic correspondence as a tool, we study the dynamics of first-order phase transitions in strongly coupled gauge theories at finite temperature. Considering an evolution from the large to the small temperature phase, we compute the nucleation rate of bubbles of true vacuum in the metastable phase. For this purpose, we find the relevant configurations (bounces) interpolating between the vacua and we compute the related effective actions. We start by revisiting the compact Randall-Sundrum model at high temperature. Using holographic renormalization, we compute the derivative term in the effective bounce action, that was missing in the literature. Then, we address the full problem within the top-down Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. It displays both a confinement/deconfinement and a chiral symmetry breaking/restoration phase transition which, depending on the model parameters, can happen at different critical temperatures. For the confinement/deconfinement case we perform the numerical analysis of an effective description of the transition and also provide analytic expressions using thick and thin wall approximations. For the chiral symmetry transition, we implement a variational approach that allows us to address the challenging non-linear problem stemming from the Dirac-Born-Infeld action.

scholarly journals Dark holograms and gravitational waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bigazzi ◽  
Alessio Caddeo ◽  
Aldo L. Cotrone ◽  
Angel Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Spectra of stochastic gravitational waves (GW) generated in cosmological first-order phase transitions are computed within strongly correlated theories with a dual holographic description. The theories are mostly used as models of dark sectors. In particular, we consider the so-called Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, a SU(N) gauge theory coupled to different matter fields in both the fundamental and the adjoint representations. The model has a well-known top-down holographic dual description which allows us to perform reliable calculations in the strongly coupled regime. We consider the GW spectra from bubble collisions and sound waves arising from two different kinds of first-order phase transitions: a confinement/deconfinement one and a chiral symmetry breaking/restoration one. Depending on the model parameters, we find that the GW spectra may fall within the sensibility region of ground-based and space-based interferometers, as well as of Pulsar Timing Arrays. In the latter case, the signal could be compatible with the recent potential observation by NANOGrav. When the two phase transitions happen at different critical temperatures, characteristic spectra with double frequency peaks show up. Moreover, in this case we explicitly show how to correct the redshift factors appearing in the formulae for the GW power spectra to account for the fact that adiabatic expansion from the first transition to the present times cannot be assumed anymore.

scholarly journals Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Addazi ◽  
Antonino Marcianò ◽  
Roman Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
First Order Phase

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

scholarly journals SOFTLY BROKEN N=2 QCD WITH MASSIVE QUARK HYPERMULTIPLETS, II

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1847-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS ÁLVAREZ-GAUMÉ ◽  
MARCOS MARIÑO ◽  
FREDERIC ZAMORA
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Pion Mass ◽  
Elliptic Functions ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Massive Quark ◽  
First Order ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
First Order Phase

We analyze the vacuum structure of N=2, SU(2) QCD with massive quark hypermultiplets, once supersymmetry is softly broken down to N=0 with dilaton and mass spurions. We give general expressions for the low energy couplings of the effective potential in terms of elliptic functions to have a complete numerical control of the model. We study in detail the possible phases of the theories with Nf=1,2 flavors for different values of the bare quark masses and the supersymmetry breaking parameters and we find a rich structure of first order phase transitions. The chiral symmetry breaking pattern of the Nf=2 theory is considered, and we obtain the pion Lagrangian for this model up to two derivatives. Exact expressions are given for the pion mass and Fπ in terms of the magnetic monopole description of chiral symmetry breaking.

Influence of the molecular structures on the high-pressure and low-temperature phase transitions of plastic crystals

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wunschel ◽  
Robert E. Dinnebier ◽  
Stefan Carlson ◽  
Piotr Bernatowicz ◽  
Sander van Smaalen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Plastic Crystals ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

The crystal structures of tert-butyl-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, Si[C(CH_3)_3]_1[Si(CH_3)_3]_3 (Bu1), and di-tert-butyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)silane, Si[C(CH_3)_3]_2[Si(CH_3)_3]_2 (Bu2), at room temperature and at 105 K have been determined by X-ray powder diffraction; the high-pressure behavior for pressures between 0 and 5 GPa is reported. The room-temperature structures have cubic Fm\bar{3}m symmetry (Z = 4) with a = 13.2645 (2) Å, V = 2333.87 (4) Å3 for Bu1 and a = 12.9673 (1) Å, V = 2180.46 (3) Å3 for Bu2. The molecules are arranged in a cubic close packing (c.c.p.) and exhibit at least 48-fold orientational disorder. Upon cooling both compounds undergo a first-order phase transition at temperatures T_c = 230 (5) K (Bu1) and T_c = 250 (5) K (Bu2) into monoclinic structures with space group P2_1/n. The structures at 105 K have a = 17.317 (1), b = 15.598 (1), c = 16.385 (1) Å, \gamma = 109.477 (4)°, V = 4172.7 (8) Å3 and Z = 8 for Bu1and a = 17.0089 (9), b = 15.3159 (8), c = 15.9325 (8) Å, \gamma = 110.343 (3)°, V = 3891.7 (5) Å3 and Z = 8 for Bu2. The severe disorder of the room-temperature phase is significantly decreased and only a two- or threefold rotational disorder of the molecules remains at 105 K. First-order phase transitions have been observed at pressures of 0.13–0.28 GPa for Bu1 and 0.20–0.24 GPa for Bu2. The high-pressure structures are isostructural to the low-temperature structures. The pressure dependencies of the unit-cell volumes were fitted with Vinet equations of state and the bulk moduli were obtained. At still higher pressures further anomalies in the pressure dependencies of the lattice parameters were observed. These anomalies are explained as additional disorder–order phase transitions.

scholarly journals Challenges in particle physics and 3-3-1 models

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Hoang Ngoc Long
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Higgs Sector ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Present Particle ◽  
Theory And Experiment

At present,   particle physics faces problems related with disparity in diphoton decay of Higgs boson,  discrepancybetween theory and experiment of about $3.6 \si$ in anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and neutrino physics.Moreover, the existence of   Dark Matter and the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry are challenges for any physical model.In this review I present some solutions  in the framework  of  the 3-3-1 models. The  simple (by Higgs sector) models contain the hybrid inflationary scenario and the first-order phase transitions, from which  leptogenesis needed for BAUis followed.By these considerations, some bounds on model parameters are derived.

CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF THE TWO-STATE VERTEX MODEL ON THE CAYLEY TREE

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (21) ◽  
pp. 3469-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KOLESÍK
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Cayley Tree ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Vertex Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

The symmetric two-state vertex model on the Cayley tree is studied. Two types of first-order phase transitions are distinguished according to the behaviour of correlation functions in the high-temperature phase. A manifold in the model parameter space on which the correlations vanish is shown to be the same as for the honeycomb lattice.

scholarly journals Electric properties of olive oil under pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Pawlicki ◽  
R. M. Siegoczyński ◽  
S. Ptasznik ◽  
K. Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
First Order ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
First Order Phase

AbstractThe main purpose of the experiment was a thermodynamic research with use of the electric methods chosen. The substance examined was olive oil. The paper presents the resistance, capacitive reactance, relative permittivity and resistivity of olive. Compression was applied with two mean velocities up to 450 MPa. The results were shown as functions of pressure and time and depicted on the impedance phase diagram. The three first order phase transitions have been detected. All the changes in material parameters were observed during phase transitions. The material parameters measured turned out to be the much more sensitive long-time phase transition factors than temperature. The values of material parameters and their dependence on pressure and time were compared with the molecular structure, arrangement of molecules and interactions between them. Knowledge about olive oil parameters change with pressure and its phase transitions is very important for olive oil production and conservation.

scholarly journals Charge density waves and their transitions in anisotropic quantum Hall systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchi He ◽  
Kang Yang ◽  
Mark Oliver Goerbig ◽  
Roger S. K. Mong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Charge Density Waves ◽  
Stripe Phase ◽  
Electron Bubble ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bubble Phase ◽  
First Order Phase

AbstractIn recent experiments, external anisotropy has been a useful tool to tune different phases and study their competitions. In this paper, we look at the quantum Hall charge density wave states in the N = 2 Landau level. Without anisotropy, there are two first-order phase transitions between the Wigner crystal, the 2-electron bubble phase, and the stripe phase. By adding mass anisotropy, our analytical and numerical studies show that the 2-electron bubble phase disappears and the stripe phase significantly enlarges its domain in the phase diagram. Meanwhile, a regime of stripe crystals that may be observed experimentally is unveiled after the bubble phase gets out. Upon increase of the anisotropy, the energy of the phases at the transitions becomes progressively smooth as a function of the filling. We conclude that all first-order phase transitions are replaced by continuous phase transitions, providing a possible realisation of continuous quantum crystalline phase transitions.

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