Documentary Subtitle Chinese-English Translation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence: A Study on the Documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19

This paper adopts Nida's Functional Equivalence theory and studies the Chinese-English subtitle translation of the documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19, which was filmed and broadcast throughout China amid the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the year 2020, and it received positive responses in the country. The research objective is to find out the translation strategies, methods and skills involved in achieving the “most natural” and the “most closest” English expressions to the Chinese source text. In the study, investigations on the equivalence of Lexical level, Syntactical level, Contextual level and Textual level in the subtitle are conducted respectively, and the aforementioned translation aspects are discussed under the guidance of Nida’s functional equivalence. The key findings are that the translated texts adopt literal and liberal translation to deal with the Culture-loaded words and four-character idioms on a lexical level. While sentence restructuring, conversion of voice, and conjunction and present particle are used on the syntactic level to make source language and translated subtitle more coherent and authentic. On the contextual and textual level, the target text distinguishes the formal and informal languages through the sentence length and the complexity of the structure. This study offers a practical implication for translating Chinese pandemic discourses into English, and it can also shed light on the study of Chinese narratives during the COVID outbreak and the publicity of the Chinese countermeasures.

A Review of Vortex Methods and Their Applications: From Creation to Recent Advances

This review paper presents an overview of Vortex Methods for flow simulation and their different sub-approaches, from their creation to the present. Particle methods distinguish themselves by their intuitive and natural description of the fluid flow as well as their low numerical dissipation and their stability. Vortex methods belong to Lagrangian approaches and allow us to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in their velocity-vorticity formulation. In the last three decades, the wide range of research works performed on these methods allowed us to highlight their robustness and accuracy while providing efficient computational algorithms and a solid mathematical framework. On the other hand, many efforts have been devoted to overcoming their main intrinsic difficulties, mostly relying on the treatment of the boundary conditions and the distortion of particle distribution. The present review aims to describe the Vortex methods by following their chronological evolution and provides for each step of their development the mathematical framework, the strengths and limits as well as references to applications and numerical simulations. The paper ends with a presentation of some challenging and very recent works based on Vortex methods and successfully applied to problems such as hydrodynamics, turbulent wake dynamics, sediment or porous flows.

Personal Nouns (Agent Nouns) in the Romance Languages

An agent noun is a derived noun whose general meaning is ‘person who does . . .’. It is thus characterized by the feature [+ Human], regardless of whether the person involved actually performs an action (e.g., French nageur ‘swimmer’, i.e., ‘a person who swims’), carries out a profession (e.g., Spanish cabrero ‘goatherd’, i.e., ‘a person who looks after goats’), adheres to a certain ideology or group (e.g., Italian femminista ‘feminist’, i.e., ‘a person who supports or follows the feminist movement’), and so on. Agent nouns are for the most part denominal (as with cabrero and femminista above) and deverbal (as with nageur above). Latin denominal agent nouns were mainly formed with -arius, though the Latin agentive suffix par excellence was -tor, which derived nouns from verbs. Latin denominal agents were also formed with -ista, a borrowing from Greek -ιστήϛ. The reflexes of all three suffixes are widespread and highly productive in the Romance languages, as in the case of Portuguese/Spanish/Catalan/Occitan pescador ‘fisherman’ (-dor < -torem), French boucher ‘butcher’ (-er < -arium), and Romanian flautist (-ist < -ista). At any rate, the distinction between denominal and deverbal agent nouns is not always straightforward, as demonstrated by the Romance forms connected with the Latin present particle -nte, for whereas the majority display a verbal base (e.g., Italian cantante ‘singer’ ← cantare ‘to sing’), there are some which do not (e.g., Italian bracciante ‘hired hand’ ← braccio ‘arm’), thus allowing them to be regarded as denominal derivations. A minor group of agent nouns is made up of deadjectival derivations, often conveying a pejorative meaning; such is the case with Italian elegantone ‘person of overblown elegance’ (← elegante ‘elegant’) and French richard ‘very rich person’ (← riche ‘rich’).

Interfacial and emulsifying properties of whey protein concentrate by ultrafiltration

The aim of this study was to concentrate whey protein by ultrafiltration process, evaluating the pressure at 1–3 bar and temperature of 10–20℃. In the conditions that show the more protein concentration were evaluated the interfacial and emulsifying properties at pH 5.7 and 7.0. The whey concentrate at 10℃ and 1.5 bar showed the higher protein value 36% (w/w), with soluble protein of 33.82% (solubility of 93.94%) for pH 5.7 and 34% (solubility of 94.4%) for pH 7.0, respectively. The whey concentrate powder present particle size distribution between 0.4-110 um. The whey at pH 5.7 and 7.0 was not observed significant differences in the resistance parameters of the oil/water layer interface. The interfacial film formed by the proteins presented an essentially elastic behavior in both pH, and in pH 5.7 the emulsion was more stable with lower diameter droplets. The concentrate whey showed techno-functional properties (emulsification and solubility), which allow the use as ingredients in products of industrial interest in food products such as mayonnaise, ice cream, sauces, and others.

Study of the dE/dx resolution of a GEM Readout Chamber prototype for the upgrade of the ALICE TPC

The ALICE Collaboration is planning a major upgrade of its central barrel detectors to be able to cope with the increased LHC luminosity beyond 2020. For the TPC, this implies a replacement of the currently used gated MWPCs (Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber) by GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) based readout chambers. In order to prove, that the present particle identification capabilities via measurement of the specific energy loss are retained after the upgrade, a prototype of the ALICE IROC (Inner Readout Chamber) has been evaluated in a test beam campaign at the CERN PS. The dE/dx resolution of the prototype has been proven to be fully compatible with the current MWPCs.

Gravitational quanta and unification

A major issue that has challenged physics is the goal of bringing gravity into a complete unification of the interactions and the quantization of gravity. We build upon the appreciation that electromagnetic waves are also gravitational waves because they transport local spacetime curvature. Logical steps lead us to appreciate the totality of the traditional quantized particles in nature as gravitational quanta. Thus, our present particle physics model is seen to be unified with the gravitational interaction. Whether there remains a scope for the existence of a spin-2 graviton in vacuum is brought into question by our invariant energy construct centered upon the Ricci tensor. We suggest that this construct holds the key to ultra-strong gravity’s essential role in quantization.

Challenges in particle physics and 3-3-1 models

At present, particle physics faces problems related with disparity in diphoton decay of Higgs boson, discrepancybetween theory and experiment of about $3.6 \si$ in anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and neutrino physics.Moreover, the existence of Dark Matter and the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry are challenges for any physical model.In this review I present some solutions in the framework of the 3-3-1 models. The simple (by Higgs sector) models contain the hybrid inflationary scenario and the first-order phase transitions, from which leptogenesis needed for BAUis followed.By these considerations, some bounds on model parameters are derived.

Characterization of Commercial Co-Cr-Alloy Powder Used in Selective Laser Sintering

This paper presents the microstructural characterization of particle systems used in equipment for selective laser sintering. Three distinct commercial metal powders, with chemical composition based on Co-Cr-alloy, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution. The powders showed regular spherical particles with varying sizes and crystalline phase of Co-solid solution. Different powders present particle size among 55nm and 245 nm. This behavior affects the sinterability of samples submitted to the selective laser sintering.

FLOCKING STATES OF SELF-PROPELLING PARTICLES IN FREE SPACE

We present particle-based simulations for the flocking behavior of self-propelling particles. Built upon previous models, our models include realistic but simple rules for the self-propelling, drag, and inter-particle interactions. Depending on both the strength and range of the interactions, a host of stationary phases appear, including independent wandering, formation flight, swarm, and rotating vortex. Of particular interest, we determine that the rotating flock can only arise in the absence of long-range alignment. We also construct a phenomenological continuum model and obtain steady-state solutions for the rotating state.

GRASSMANN COORDINATES FOR PARTICLE CLASSIFICATION

We show that five complex anticommuting coordinates are sufficient to describe the present particle spectrum, including the possibility of understanding the generation problem.