scholarly journals The role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Williams ◽  
Ian Todd ◽  
Lucy C. Fairclough
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes

Abstract Objective and design This systematic review aims to establish the role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in COPD. Methods Forty-eight papers published in the last 15 years were identified for inclusion. Results CD8 + T-cells are increased in the lungs of patients with COPD (17 studies, 16 positive) whereas in the circulation, findings were inconclusive. Activation of CD8 + T-cells was enhanced in lungs (four studies, three positive) but cell phenotype was unclear. There was substantial evidence of a higher proportion of type 1 CD8 + (Tc1) cells in COPD (11 studies, 9 positive), though the population of type 2 (Tc2) cells was also increased (5 studies, 4 positive). CD8 + T-cells in COPD exhibited greater expression of cytotoxic proteins (five studies, five positive). Studies assessed a variety of questions so evidence was insufficient to draw firm conclusions. The role of CD8 + T-cells at acute exacerbation of COPD and also their contribution to alveolar destruction can only be hypothesised at this stage. Conclusions Not only is the number of CD8 + T-cells increased in COPD, these cells have increased capacity to exert effector functions and are likely to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Several mechanisms highlighted show promise for future investigation to consolidate current knowledge.

scholarly journals The emerging role of C/EBPs in glucocorticoid signaling: lessons from the lung

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham B Roos ◽  
Magnus Nord
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been successfully used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases for decades. However, there is a relative GC resistance in several inflammatory lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but still the mechanism(s) behind this unresponsiveness remains unknown. Interaction between transcription factors and the GC receptor contribute to GC effects but may also provide mechanisms explaining steroid resistance. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors are important regulators of pulmonary gene expression and have been implicated in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and COPD. In addition, several studies have indicated a role for C/EBPs in mediating GC effects. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of GC action as well as the function of the lung-enriched members of the C/EBP transcription factor family. We also summarize the current knowledge of the role of C/EBP transcription factors in mediating the effects of GCs, with emphasis on pulmonary effects, and their potential role in mediating GC resistance.

scholarly journals Alterations in T-Cell Receptor Vβ Repertoire of CD4 and CD8 T Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Kharbanda ◽  
Thomas W. McCloskey ◽  
Rajendra Pahwa ◽  
Mei Sun ◽  
Savita Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Perturbations in the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ repertoire were assessed in the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children who were receiving therapy during the chronic phase of infection by flow cytometry (FC) and PCR analysis. By FC, representation of 21 TCR Vβ subfamilies was assessed for an increased or decreased percentage in CD4 and CD8 T cells, and by PCR, 22 TCR Vβ subfamilies of CD4 and CD8 T cells were analyzed by CDR3 spectratyping for perturbations and reduction in the number of peaks, loss of Gaussian distribution, or clonal dominance. The majority of the TCR Vβ subfamilies were examined by both methods and assessed for deviation from the norm by comparison with cord blood samples. The CD8-T-lymphocyte population exhibited more perturbations than the CD4 subset, and clonal dominance was present exclusively in CD8 T cells. Of the 55 total CD8-TCR Vβ families classified with clonal dominance by CDR3 spectratyping, only 18 of these exhibited increased expression by FC. Patients with high numbers of CD8-TCR Vβ families with decreased percentages had reduced percentages of total CD4 T cells. Increases in the number of CD4-TCR Vβ families with increased percentages showed a positive correlation with skewing. Overall, changes from normal were often discordant between the two methods. This study suggests that the assessment of HIV-induced alterations in TCR Vβ families at cellular and molecular levels yields different information and that our understanding of the immune response to HIV is still evolving.

scholarly journals Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and cell-associated viral RNA levels in distinct lymphoid compartments of SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo J. Kuroda ◽  
Jörn E. Schmitz ◽  
Aruna Seth ◽  
Ronald S. Veazey ◽  
Christine E. Nickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tetramer Binding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Major histocompatibility class I–peptide tetramer technology and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)-infected rhesus monkeys were used to clarify the distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in secondary lymphoid organs and to assess the relationship between these CTL and the extent of viral replication in the various anatomic compartments. SIVmac Gag epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were evaluated in the spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, thymus, and 5 different lymph node compartments of 4 SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys. The average percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes that bound this tetramer in all the different lymph node compartments was similar to that in peripheral blood lymphocytes in individual monkeys. The percentage of CD8+ T cells that bound the tetramer in the thymus was uniformly low in the monkeys. However, the percentage of CD8+ T cells that bound the tetramer in bone marrow and spleen was consistently higher than that seen in lymph nodes and peripheral blood. The phenotypic profile of the tetramer-binding CD8+ T lymphocytes in the different lymphoid compartments was similar, showing a high expression of activation-associated adhesion molecules and a low level expression of naive T-cell–associated molecules. Surprisingly, no correlation was evident between the percentage of tetramer-binding CD8+ T lymphocytes and the magnitude of the cell-associated SIV RNA level in each lymphoid compartment of individual monkeys. These studies suggest that a dynamic process of trafficking may obscure the tendency of CTL to localize in particular regional lymph nodes or that some lymphoid organs may provide milieus that are particularly conducive to CTL expansion.

scholarly journals CD8+ T Cells in GCA and GPA: Bystanders or Active Contributors?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne D. Reitsema ◽  
Annemieke M. H. Boots ◽  
Kornelis S. M. van der Geest ◽  
Maria Sandovici ◽  
Peter Heeringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
And Function

Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels and can cause a variety of serious complications depending on which vessels are affected. Two different forms of vasculitis are Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA). GCA is the most common form of vasculitis in adults affecting the large arteries and can lead to visual impairment and development of aneurysms. GPA affects small- and medium-sized blood vessels predominantly in the lungs and kidneys resulting in organ failure. Both diseases can potentially be fatal. Although the pathogenesis of GCA and GPA are incompletely understood, a prominent role for CD4+ T cells has been implicated in both diseases. More recently, the role of CD8+ T cells has gained renewed interest. CD8+ T cells are important players in the adaptive immune response against intracellular microorganisms. After a general introduction on the different forms of vasculitis and their association with infections and CD8+ T cells, we review the current knowledge on CD8+ T-cell involvement in the immunopathogenesis of GCA and GPA focusing on phenotypic and functional features of circulating and lesional CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we discuss to which extent aging is associated with CD8+ T-cell phenotype and function in GCA and GPA.

scholarly journals Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and cell-associated viral RNA levels in distinct lymphoid compartments of SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo J. Kuroda ◽  
Jörn E. Schmitz ◽  
Aruna Seth ◽  
Ronald S. Veazey ◽  
Christine E. Nickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tetramer Binding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Major histocompatibility class I–peptide tetramer technology and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)-infected rhesus monkeys were used to clarify the distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in secondary lymphoid organs and to assess the relationship between these CTL and the extent of viral replication in the various anatomic compartments. SIVmac Gag epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were evaluated in the spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, thymus, and 5 different lymph node compartments of 4 SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys. The average percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes that bound this tetramer in all the different lymph node compartments was similar to that in peripheral blood lymphocytes in individual monkeys. The percentage of CD8+ T cells that bound the tetramer in the thymus was uniformly low in the monkeys. However, the percentage of CD8+ T cells that bound the tetramer in bone marrow and spleen was consistently higher than that seen in lymph nodes and peripheral blood. The phenotypic profile of the tetramer-binding CD8+ T lymphocytes in the different lymphoid compartments was similar, showing a high expression of activation-associated adhesion molecules and a low level expression of naive T-cell–associated molecules. Surprisingly, no correlation was evident between the percentage of tetramer-binding CD8+ T lymphocytes and the magnitude of the cell-associated SIV RNA level in each lymphoid compartment of individual monkeys. These studies suggest that a dynamic process of trafficking may obscure the tendency of CTL to localize in particular regional lymph nodes or that some lymphoid organs may provide milieus that are particularly conducive to CTL expansion.

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