scholarly journals Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism

Diabetologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shojaee-Moradie ◽  
K. C. R. Baynes ◽  
C. Pentecost ◽  
J. D. Bell ◽  
E. L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training

Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in lean, obese, and diabetic men

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2402-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Segal ◽  
A. Edano ◽  
A. Abalos ◽  
J. Albu ◽  
L. Blando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output

To clarify the impact of vigorous physical training on in vivo insulin action and glucose metabolism independent of the intervening effects of concomitant changes in body weight and composition and residual effects of an acute exercise session, 10 lean, 10 obese, and 6 diet-controlled type II diabetic men trained for 12 wk on a cycle ergometer 4 h/wk at approximately 70% of maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) while body composition and weight were maintained by refeeding the energy expended in each training session. Before and 4–5 days after the last training session, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (40 mU.m2.min-1) clamps were performed at a plasma glucose of 90 mg/dl, combined with indirect calorimetry. Total insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (M) was corrected for residual hepatic glucose output. Body weight, fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) did not change with training, but cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 27% in all groups. Before and after training, M was lower for the obese (5.33 +/- 0.39 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1 pretraining; 5.33 +/- 0.46 posttraining) than for the lean men (9.07 +/- 0.49 and 8.91 +/- 0.60 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1 for pretraining and posttraining, respectively) and lower for the diabetic (3.86 +/- 0.44 and 3.49 +/- 0.21) than for the obese men (P less than 0.001). Insulin sensitivity was not significantly altered by training in any group, but basal hepatic glucose production was reduced by 22% in the diabetic men. Thus, when intervening effects of the last exercise bout or body composition changes were controlled, exercise training per se leading to increased cardiorespiratory fitness had no independent impact on insulin action and did not improve the insulin resistance in obese or diabetic men.

A randomized trial comparing the effect of weight loss and exercise training on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in coronary artery disease

Metabolism ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Rørholm Pedersen ◽  
Rasmus Huan Olsen ◽  
Anders Jürs ◽  
Christian Anholm ◽  
Mogens Fenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Artery Disease

731-P: Exercise Training Does Not Alter Resting Fatty Acid Mobilization from Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 731-P
Author(s):  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
JENNA B. GILLEN ◽  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
KATIE FOUG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

scholarly journals Potential of Creatine in Glucose Management and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Marina Yazigi Solis ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bruno Gualano
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Glucose Management

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements worldwide, and it is frequently used by both athletic and non-athletic populations to improve power, strength, muscle mass and performance. A growing body of evidence has been identified potential therapeutic effects of creatine in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as cancer, muscle dystrophy and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation alone, and mainly in combination with exercise training, may improve glucose metabolism in health individuals and insulin-resistant individuals, such as in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine itself may stimulate insulin secretion in vitro, improve muscle glycogen stores and ameliorate hyperglycemia in animals. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including increases in insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. It has been speculated that creatine supplementation combined with exercise training could result in additional improvements in glucose metabolism when compared with each intervention separately. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of combined exercise and creatine supplementation is an enhanced glucose transport into muscle cell by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to sarcolemma. Although preliminary findings from small-scale trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are promising, the efficacy of creatine for improving glycemic control is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we aim to explore the possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.

Effect of training on insulin binding to rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. E570-E575
Author(s):  
G. K. Grimditch ◽  
R. J. Barnard ◽  
S. A. Kaplan ◽  
E. Sternlicht
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
High Affinity

We examined the hypothesis that the exercise training-induced increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is mediated by adaptations in insulin binding to sarcolemmal (SL) insulin receptors. Insulin binding studies were performed on rat skeletal muscle SL isolated from control and trained rats. No significant differences were noted between groups in body weight or fat. An intravenous glucose tolerance test showed an increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity with training, and specific D-glucose transport studies on isolated SL vesicles indicated that this was due in part to adaptations in skeletal muscle. Enzyme marker analyses revealed no differences in yield, purity, or contamination of SL membranes between the two groups. Scatchard analyses indicated no significant differences in the number of insulin binding sites per milligram SL protein on the high-affinity (15.0 +/- 4.1 vs. 18.1 +/- 6.4 X 10(9)) or on the low-affinity portions (925 +/- 80 vs. 884 +/- 106 X 10(9)) of the curves. The association constants of the high-affinity (0.764 +/- 0.154 vs. 0.685 +/- 0.264 X 10(9) M-1) and of the low affinity sites (0.0096 +/- 0.0012 vs. 0.0102 +/- 0.0012 X 10(9) M-1) also were similar. These results do not support the hypothesis that the increased sensitivity to insulin after exercise training is due to changes in SL insulin receptor binding.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Qingde Shi ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
On-Kei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, n = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50–60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention. Results: Significant reductions in body weight (− ~2.5 kg, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.772) and BMI (− ~1 unit, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5–6 mmHg (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusions: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.

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