scholarly journals Just a phase? Mapping the transition of behavioural problems from childhood to adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bathelt ◽  
Anna Vignoles ◽  
Duncan E. Astle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties

Abstract Purpose Young people change substantially between childhood and adolescence. Yet, the current description of behavioural problems does not incorporate any reference to the developmental context. In the current analysis, we aimed to identify common transitions of behavioural problems between childhood and adolescence. Method We followed 6744 individuals over 6 years as they transitioned from childhood (age 10) into adolescence (age 16). At each stage, we used a data-driven hierarchical clustering method to identify common profiles of behavioural problems, map transitions between profiles and identify factors that predict specific transitions. Results Common profiles of behavioural problems matched known comorbidity patterns but crucially showed that the presentation of behavioural problems changes markedly between childhood and adolescence. While problems with hyperactivity/impulsivity, motor control and conduct were prominent in childhood, adolescents showed profiles of problems related to emotional control, anxiety and inattention. Transitions were associated with socio-economic status and cognitive performance in childhood Conclusion We show that understanding behavioural difficulties and mental ill-health must take into account the developmental context in which the problems occur, and we establish key risk factors for specific negative transitions as children become adolescents.

Association of sleep duration with socio-economic status and behavioural problems among schoolchildren

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Rodopman Arman ◽  
Pinar Ay ◽  
Nese Perdahli Fis ◽  
Refika Ersu ◽  
Ahmet Topuzoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Nutritional problems in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of identified disparities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Nicole I. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Components

Abstract To inform programmes and policies that promote health equity, it is essential to monitor the distribution of nutritional problems among young individuals. Common nutritional problems include overall low diet quality, the underconsumption and overconsumption of certain dietary components, unhealthy meal and snack patterns, problematic feeding practices and disordered eating. The objective of the present narrative review was to summarise recent evidence of disparities among US children (2–19 years) according to age, sex, socio-economic status, ethnicity/race and rural–urban location. Searches in PubMed® and MEDLINE® were completed to identify peer-reviewed research studies published between January 2009 and January 2019. Findings from the ninety-nine reviewed studies indicate adolescent females, young individuals from lower socio-economic households and individuals who identify as non-Hispanic Black race are particularly vulnerable populations for whom targeted strategies should be developed to address evidence of increased risk with regards to multiple aspects of nutritional wellbeing. Limitations of the existing evidence relate to the accuracy of self-reported dietary data; the need for consistent definitions of disordered eating; the focus on individual dietary components v. patterns; the complexities of categorising socio-economic status, ethnicity/race, and rural and urban areas; and the cross-sectional, observational nature of most research designs. There is an urgent need for research to address these limitations and fill a large gap in evidence on rural–urban differences in nutritional problems. It will further be important for future studies to build greater understanding of how nutritional problems cluster among population groups.

scholarly journals Simply Insane? Attributing Terrorism to Mental Illness (Versus Ideology) Affects Mental Representations of Race

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst ◽  
Lisa S. Myhren ◽  
Ivuoma N. Onyeador
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Extreme Violence

Mainstream media and public figures are often criticized for readily attributing terrorism committed by White perpetrators to mental illness, while attributing the same behavior committed by non-Whites to ideological motivation. Using a data-driven reverse-correlation approach, we show that attributing terrorism to mental illness results in a phenotypically more White mental representation of the perpetrator as compared with attributing terrorism to ideology or providing no information about its motivation. Importantly, we show that, because terrorists who are described as being motivated by mental illness are perceived as more White than those motivated by ideology, they are subsequently judged as less guilty for alleged terrorist activities. We present further evidence that this effect may be due to perceived Whiteness signaling higher socio-economic status, which reduces perceptions of culpability. In sum, our research demonstrates that extreme violence attributed to unintentional causes is perceptually associated with White perpetrators, leading to leniency in criminal judgments.

scholarly journals Simply insane? Attributing terrorism to mental illness (versus ideology) affects mental representations of race Word

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Extreme Violence

Mainstream media and public figures are often criticized for readily attributing terrorism committed by White perpetrators to mental illness, while attributing the same behavior committed by non-Whites to ideological motivation. Using a data-driven reverse-correlation approach, we show that attributing terrorism to mental illness results in a phenotypically more White mental representation of the perpetrator as compared to attributing terrorism to ideology or providing no information about its motivation. Importantly, we show that, because terrorists who are described as being motivated by mental illness are perceived as more White than those motivated by ideology, they are subsequently judged as less guilty for alleged terrorist activities. We present further evidence that this effect may be due to perceived Whiteness signaling higher socio-economic status, which reduces perceptions of culpability. In sum, our research demonstrates that extreme violence attributed to unintentional causes is perceptually associated with White perpetrators, leading to leniency in criminal judgements.

Inheritance of Alcoholism in Adoptees

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi J. Cadoret ◽  
Ann Gath
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Biological Parent ◽  
Adoptive Family ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
Biological Parents

SummaryAmong 84 adoptees, 18 years of age and older, separated at birth from their biological parents and without further contact with them, alcoholism was found more frequently in those whose relatives included an individual with alcoholism or in whom heavy drinking had been noted. Adoptee alcoholism did not correlate with any other diagnosis in a biological parent.Childhood socialized conduct disorder was significantly higher in those adoptees who later received a diagnosis of alcoholism or suspected alcoholism, and was positively, but not significantly, related to heavy drinking or alcoholism in parents.Age of adoptee, time spent in foster care, age of biological mother at the time of the birth, socio-economic status of adoptive home, psychopathology other than alcoholism in the biological background, and psychiatric or behavioural problems in the adoptive family (parents or sibs) were all unrelated to adult alcoholism in the adoptee.

scholarly journals Study of blood pressure profile and anthropometry in children belonging to low socio-economic status; a prospective cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Chidambram Sudhakar ◽  
Raisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Background: A significant number of population in India are below poverty line. It contributes to the higher incidence of malnutrition especially among children which is 48% according to NFHS-3 (National family Health survey). Blood Pressure tracking studies suggest that hypertension in adulthood often has its origin in childhood. Blood pressure in childhood is the best predictor of hypertension in later life. There have been very few studies on malnutrition and Hypertension association and none in this area. One rationale for screening for hypertension in children and adolescents is that early identification of primary hypertension could lead to interventions to reduce blood pressure during childhood and adolescence, resulting in a reduced risk for cardiovascular events and death in adulthood.Methods: The present cross sectional prospective study was conducted on School going children (5-14 years) belonging to lower socio-economic status attending schools from Bhilai, DistrictDurg Chhattisgarh, India, within 5 km range of Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Hospital over a period of 12 months from March 2015 to February 2016.The present study took 300 sample size. List of schools was arranged from district education officer (DEO) and required government schools were shortlisted on within 5 km range of hospital. After short history and examination, as per the prerequisite of proforma, the following measurements were taken. For all the statistical analysis MS EXCEL and SPSS 16 (Statistical Package for Social Science) version were used. The information collected was tabulated and the data was analyzed using suitable statistics.Results: 60% of the subjects were belongs to 5-10 years of age and 40% in 10-14 years’ age group. Males and females were equal in distributions (50% each), thus there were 150 males and 150 females in the current study. Overall prevalence of malnutrition in our study was 38.6%. The present study found 88 subjects (29.3%) having grade 1 malnutrition and 28 subjects (38.7%) having grade 2 and 0 (0%) with grade 3 and grade 4 malnutrition. There were 2 pre-hypertensives in our study, out of which one was male and one female. When analyzed according to nutritional status, there were 2 hypertensives in malnourished group. Similarly. there was 1 hypertensive in normal nutritional status group.Conclusions: There is a significant prevalence of malnutrition in our society which contributes to a more number of problems than what is presented to practicing paediatricians. The prevalence is higher in children <5 years age group overall which continues through school age and adolescent age group as shown in our study. The focus of attention should be identification of various diseases along with hypertension at the earliest and prevention of malnutrition.

Oral Language Behavior of Older Cerebral Palsied Children

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Hearing Acuity

A battery of six tests assessing various aspects of receptive and expressive oral language was administered to 27 cerebral palsied children and controls matched on the variables of age, intelligence, sex, race, hearing acuity, socio-economic status, and similarity of educational background. Results indicated only minimal differences between groups. Signs of deviancy in language behavior often attributed to the cerebral palsied were not observed. Although previous investigators have suggested consistent language disturbances in the cerebral palsied, evidence for a disorder of comprehension and formulation of oral symobls was not found.

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