scholarly journals Fertility versus productivity: a model of growth with evolutionary equilibria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Foreman-Peck ◽  
Peng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Investment In Children ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Target Family ◽  
Malthusian Trap

AbstractWe develop a quantitative model that is consistent with three principal building blocks of Unified Growth Theory: the break-out from economic stagnation, the build-up to the Industrial Revolution, and the onset of the fertility transition. Our analysis suggests that England’s escape from the Malthusian trap was triggered by the demographic catastrophes in the aftermath of the Black Death; household investment in children ultimately raised wages despite an increasing population; and rising human capital, combined with the increasing elasticity of substitution between child quantity and quality, reduced target family size and contributed to the fertility transition.

Variable Elasticity of Substitution and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence

2005 ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Karagiannis ◽  
Theodore Palivos ◽  
Chris Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Growth Theory

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence – Challenges and Chances for Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Joseph Straus
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Eu

As one of the building blocks of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence has attracted much public attention and sparked protracted discussions about its impact on future technological, economic and social developments. This contribution conveys insights into artificial intelligence’s basic methods and tools, its main achievements, its economic environment and the surrounding ethical and social issues. Based on the announced and taken measures of the EU organs in the area of artificial intelligence, the contribution analyses the position of Europe in the global context.

scholarly journals A social network of collaborating industrial assets

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Adrià Salvador Palau ◽  
Ajith Kumar Parlikad
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
System Level ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Traffic Routing ◽  
Status Data ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
Level Performance

The IoT (Internet of Things) concept is being widely regarded as the fundamental tool of the next industrial revolution – Industry 4.0. As the value of data generated in social networks has been increasingly recognised, social media and the IoT have been integrated in areas such as product-design, traffic routing, etc. However, the potential of this integration in improving system-level performance in industrial environments has rarely been explored. This paper discusses the feasibility of improving system-level performance in industrial systems by integrating social networks into the IoT concept. We propose the concept of a social internet of industrial assets (SIoIA) which enables the collaboration between assets by sharing status data. We also identify the building blocks of SIoIA and characteristics of one of its important components – social assets. A sketch of the general architecture needed to enable a social network of collaborating industrial assets is proposed and two illustrative application examples are given.

scholarly journals Modeling the Transition to a New Economy: Lessons from Two Technological Revolutions

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atkeson ◽  
Patrick J Kehoe
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Technology Revolution ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

Many view the period after the Second Industrial Revolution as a paradigm of a transition to a new economy following a technological revolution, including the Information Technology Revolution. We build a quantitative model of diffusion and growth during transitions to evaluate that view. With a learning process quantified by data on the life cycle of US manufacturing plants, the model accounts for the key features of the transition after the Second Industrial Revolution. But we find that features like those will occur in other transitions only if a large amount of knowledge about old technologies exists before the transition begins. (JEL L60, N61, N62, N71, N72, O33)

scholarly journals Cyber-physical platform development and implementation for industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Csaba Szász
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Platform Development ◽  
Platform Based Design

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is referred as the fourth industrial revolution that represents the information intensive transformation of industrial automation and manufacturing processes. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are building blocks in Industry 4.0 and part of the Industry 4.0 vision. This paper presents a cyber-physical platform development and implementation strategy for Industry 4.0 applications. It has been considered a cyber-physical platform model (CPP) built upon hardware reconfigurable technology based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) processor framework. The development strategy exploits the full benefits enabled by reconfigurable hardware, such as scalability of complex systems, platform-based design approach, adaptive processing, real-time constrains management, or high performance prototyping capabilities. The implemented experimental setup also combines major advantages of both the hardware and software platform-based design trends in Industry 4.0. In this endeavor, the used software toolkit comprises the entire system complexity as a high performance integration layer. The presented design method and implementation strategy can serve as rough orientation for future CPS research and development activities.

scholarly journals Metals in the circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Vessela Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Sustainable Transition

Traditionally, green technologies are associated with renewable materials, such as wood, biomass, water and earth, instead of the metals that formed the backbone of the industrial revolution - steel, copper, iron, tin and aluminum. Although at first glance it does not seem that they will play a role in the sustainable transition, in fact many of the building blocks of the circular economy would not exist without them [1] A number of European organizations are adamant that non-ferrous metals are essential for Europe’s low-carbon transition because of their central use in breakthrough technologies including clean mobility, renewable energy and batteries. Moreover, they play a significant role in the circular economy strategy launched by the European Commission in 2015. Contrary to this assertion, another one claims that the circular economy should be linked to reduced material use and waste consumption.

Project Cost Control in Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Gülay Tamer ◽  
Binnur Gurul
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Right

During this fourth industrial revolution, the fundamental purpose of industrial transformations is to carry competitive edge of the companies to an upper level by increasing efficiency and effectiveness of sources and decreasing the operational costs. Therefore, the companies need to invest in the right project in the right time in order to provide a competitive edge against their competitors and to gain a desired level of profit. The aim of the project cost analysis is, in the simplest terms, to calculate optimal project costs and to consider if there is any difference between the planned budget and the optimal cost; and in case of a difference, to take necessary actions. The purpose of this chapter is, as a result of principles and conceptual framework of Industry 4.0, to describe how adaptive robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, augmented reality, additive manufacturing, internet of things, cloud computing and cyber security technologies, which are building blocks of Industry 4.0, changed the project cost analysis.

Growth Theory for Ancient Economies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Human Welfare

This chapter reviews the theory of economic growth and the problems of measuring it. It reveals that scholars trying to understand Roman macroeconomics are in far worse shape than economists dealing with more recent economies. A brief survey of some existing research on the level of Roman and Greek income shows that there is a variety of data that could be used to estimate Roman economic growth. An index of human welfare might seem appropriate to indicate the existence and extent of economic growth, but it could be too broad. Another possible measure of economic growth is an index of structural change. The idea of an Industrial Revolution and the place of industry in the economy today suggest that industrialization can be used as a measure of economic growth.

The 4th Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Carlo Bagnoli ◽  
Francesca Dal Mas ◽  
Maurizio Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Literature Review

The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 on business models considering technological change as a driver of strategic innovation. The research aims to provide the key to interpreting a process of innovation that, starting from the technological transformation, translates it into a broader change of business models. A structured literature review has been developed analyzing 144 sources divided into scientific papers, reports from consultancy firms and institutional reports. This method identified the importance given by the literature to the technologies and their impact on the building blocks of the business model. The research has led to the identification of 12 business models that can represent a framework to interpret the Industry 4.0 phenomenon strategically. A questionnaire analysis of a sample of 111 companies based in Italy allowed us to compare the results of theoretical research with the perceptions of Italian entrepreneurs.

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