Dose concentration and spatial memory and brain mitochondrial function association after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration in rats

Sex differences have been reported in the susceptibility to early life stress and its neurobiological correlates in humans and experimental animals. However, most of the current research with animal models of early stress has been performed mainly in males. In the present study, prolonged maternal separation (MS) paradigm was applied as an animal model to resemble the effects of adverse early experiences in male and female rats. Regional brain mitochondrial function, monoaminergic activity, and neuroinflammation were evaluated as adults. Mitochondrial energy metabolism was greatly decreased in MS females as compared with MS males in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens shell. In addition, MS males had lower serotonin levels and increased serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. However, MS females showed increased dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex and increased norepinephrine turnover in the striatum, but decreased dopamine turnover in the hippocampus. Sex differences were also found for pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, with increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MS males, and increased IL-6 levels in the striatum of MS females. These results evidence the complex sex- and brain region-specific long-term consequences of early life stress.

Download Full-text

Protocatechuic acid protects brain mitochondrial function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0158 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1078-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yoswaris Semaming ◽

Jirapas Sripetchwandee ◽

Piangkwan Sa-nguanmoo ◽

Hiranya Pintana ◽

Patchareewan Pannangpetch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Brain Oxidative Stress ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Mitochondrial Function

Brain mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated in diabetic animals with neurodegeneration. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanin, has been shown to exert glycemic control and oxidative stress reduction in the heart. However, its effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the brain under diabetic condition have never been investigated. We found that PCA exerted glycemic control, attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and contributes to the prevention of brain oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

Download Full-text

A Walnut-enriched Diet and Physical Activity Enhanced Cognitive and Motor Function in Aged Mice (P14-010-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz052.p14-010-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Carsten Esselun ◽

Benjamin Dilberger ◽

Carmina Silaidos ◽

Gunter Eckert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Motor Function ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Enriched Environment ◽

Motor Functions ◽

Nmri Mice ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Y Maze

Abstract Objectives This study aims to investigate walnut's effect alone and in combination with an enriched environment on brain aging of aged NMRI mice by investigation of cognition and motor functions. Furthermore, it aims to identify the underlying mechanisms by evaluating the expression of relevant genes. Methods NMRI mice (12mo.) were fed with a 6% walnut-enriched diet (WED) or control diet respectively, for the duration of 6 months. Additionally, one WED group was exposed to an enriched environment. Cognition and motor functions were assessed to evaluate walnut's effect on spatial memory, general physical activity and motor coordination. Conducted tests included Y-Maze alternation, open field and rotarod. Expression levels of relevant genes including synaptophysin, NGF and BDNF were measured via qPCR in brain tissue. Mitochondrial function was investigated by testing for ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in dissociated brain cells and oxygen consumption of the oxidative phosphorylation system of freshly isolated mitochondria. Results Intake of the walnut diet significantly increased the alternation rate in a Y-Maze experiment (P < 0.05). Physical activity did not further improve this effect on spatial memory of mice, but increased mice’ activity (P < 0.001) in general. Motor function in rotarod test was not improved by walnut intake alone, but significantly increased by added enrichment (P < 0.01). Gene expression of synaptophysin was significantly increased for walnuts alone (P < 0.05), while BDNF and NGF expression appeared to be unaffected. Additional enriched environment resulted in a trend for these genes to be increased as well. Results imply that mitochondrial function is not linked to these improvements. Conclusions Long term walnut diet significantly improved cognitive function in aged mice. Physical activity additionally improved motor functions. These benefits could possibly be explained by increased expression of genes involved in neuronal plasticity. Funding Sources Grant from California Walnut Commission.

Download Full-text

Effects of mercuric chloride on spatial memory deficit-induced by beta-amyloid and evaluation of mitochondrial function markers in the hippocampus of rats

Metallomics ◽

10.1039/c9mt00161a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 144-153

Author(s):

Ladan Behzadfar ◽

Shokoufeh Hassani ◽

Hossein Feizpour ◽

Nakisa Abbasian ◽

Armin Salek Maghsoudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Mercuric Chloride ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Beta Amyloid ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Spatial Memory Deficit

Mercury is a highly poisonous heavy metal abundantly found in the environment in its inorganic form.

Download Full-text

Insulin deficiency and intranasal insulin alter brain mitochondrial function: a potential factor for dementia in diabetes

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.201802043r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 4458-4472 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gregory N. Ruegsegger ◽

Shankarappa Manjunatha ◽

Priska Summer ◽

Srinivas Gopala ◽

Piotr Zabeilski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Insulin Deficiency ◽

Intranasal Insulin ◽

Potential Factor ◽

Brain Mitochondrial Function

Download Full-text

Reye syndrome: Serum-induced alterations in brain mitochondrial function are blocked by fatty-acid-free albumin

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.30.2.160 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 160-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. F. Ansevin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Reye Syndrome ◽

Brain Mitochondrial Function

Download Full-text

Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0255 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1373-1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hiranya Pintana ◽

Jirapas Sripetchwandee ◽

Luerat Supakul ◽

Nattayaporn Apaijai ◽

Nipon Chattipakorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cognitive Deficit ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Mitochondrial Functions ◽

Brain Mitochondrial Function

Oxidative stress in the obese-insulin resistant condition has been shown to affect cognitive as well as brain mitochondrial functions. Garlic extract has exerted a potent antioxidant effect. However, the effects of garlic extract on the brain of obese-insulin resistant rats have never been investigated. We hypothesized that garlic extract improves cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Male Wistar rats were fed either normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks (n = 24/group). At week 12, rats in each dietary group received either vehicle or garlic extract (250 and 500 mg·kg–1·day–1) for 28 days. Learning and memory behaviors, metabolic parameters, and brain mitochondrial function were determined at the end of treatment. HFD led to increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD rats had cognitive deficit and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. HFD rats treated with both doses of garlic extract had decreased body weight, visceral fat, plasma cholesterol, and MDA levels. Garlic extract also improved cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function, which were impaired in obese-insulin resistant rats caused by HFD consumption.

Download Full-text