scholarly journals Quo vadis blood protein adductomics?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Sabbioni ◽  
Billy W. Day
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Individual

AbstractChemicals are measured regularly in air, food, the environment, and the workplace. Biomonitoring of chemicals in biological fluids is a tool to determine the individual exposure. Blood protein adducts of xenobiotics are a marker of both exposure and the biologically effective dose. Urinary metabolites and blood metabolites are short term exposure markers. Stable hemoglobin adducts are exposure markers of up to 120 days. Blood protein adducts are formed with many xenobiotics at different sites of the blood proteins. Newer methods apply the techniques developed in the field of proteomics. Larger adducted peptides with 20 amino acids are used for quantitation. Unfortunately, at present the methods do not reach the limits of detection obtained with the methods looking at single amino acid adducts or at chemically cleaved adducts. Therefore, to progress in the field new approaches are needed.

Identification and Quantification of Urinary Metabolites From Short Term Exposure to Acrylamide

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S137
Author(s):  
T Bjellaas ◽  
K Janák ◽  
E Lundanes ◽  
L Kronberg ◽  
G Becher
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Identification And Quantification

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE OF CECROPIA YOLK FORMATION IN VITRO ON SPECIFIC BLOOD PROTEINS

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Hausman ◽  
Lucy M. Anderson ◽  
William H. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Yolk Formation ◽  
Protein Uptake

The capacity of cecropia vitellogenic follicles to form yolk during short-term in vitro incubation in female blood was analyzed by labeling with fluorescein-conjugated serum globulin, tritiated cecropia blood proteins, or tritiated amino acid. As judged by fluorescence microscopy or autoradiography, yolk formation during 3–8 hr in vitro was similar in rate and in protein uptake specificity to that observed in vivo. When follicles were incubated in cecropia male blood, 6% gamma globulin, or cecropia saline, the yolk produced was markedly inferior in quality and quantity to that generated in female blood. Purified preparations of vitellogenin, the primary female blood protein deposited in the yolk, were equivalent to whole female blood in supporting yolk formation; this protein seems, therefore, to have a specific stimulatory role. An enhancement of the rate of pinocytosis at the oocyte surface by vitellogenin is postulated.

scholarly journals Analysis of Protein Adducts as Biomarkers of Short-Term Exposure to Ethylene Oxide and Results of Follow-Up Biomonitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bader ◽  
Wolfgang Will ◽  
Gunild Frey ◽  
Michael Nasterlack
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Observation Interval ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Haemoglobin Adduct

Analysis of Protein Adducts as Biomarkers of Short-Term Exposure to Ethylene Oxide and Results of Follow-Up BiomonitoringAn accidental exposure of six workers to ethylene oxide (EO) provided the rationale for a biomonitoring and follow-up study, whose aim was to analyse protein adduct kinetics and examine the differentiation between accidental and environmental exposure, e.g., from tobacco smoke. For this purpose, the decrease in the concentration of the haemoglobin adduct N-2-hydroxyethylvaline (HEV) was followed during a five-month period after the accident, together with N-2-cyanoethylvaline (CEV) and urinary cotinine, two well-established biomarkers for smoking. The follow-up study showed that EO adduct concentrations significantly increased after a short but presumably high exposure. Initial biomonitoring revealed HEV levels above 500 pmol g-1 globin in all cases, with a maximum of about 2,400 pmol g-1 globin. This compares to a German EKA value (exposure equivalent for carcinogenic substances) for a daily 8-h-exposure to 1 ppm EO of 90 μg L-1 blood (~3,900 pmol g-1 globin). The adduct levels dropped in accordance with the expected zero-order kinetics for a single exposure. After the five-month observation interval, the HEV concentrations in blood reflected the individual background from tobacco smoking. The results of this study show that even a short exposure to ethylene oxide may result in a significant rise in haemoglobin adduct levels. Although protein adducts and their occupational-medical assessment values are considered for long-term exposure surveillance, they can also be used for monitoring accidental exposures. In these cases, the calculation of daily ‘ppm-equivalents’. may provide a means for a comparison with the existing assessment values.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

Determination of allostatic load dynamics in the assessment of adaptation in temporary workers in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Atkov ◽  
S. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

The individual dynamics of the allostatic load index was revealed mainly due to changes in the glucose level, body mass index, which makes it applicable for assessing the short-term adaptation to the stay in the conditions of shift work

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences
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