scholarly journals Gender-specific analysis of the authors and the editorial board of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology from 2000 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Zehetbauer ◽  
Florentin von Haugwitz ◽  
Roland Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Senior Author ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
German Research ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractMotivated by the worldwide debate on gender equality, we analyzed the gender structure of the authors and the editorial board of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology. We wrote an algorithm to assign authors’ first names to a gender to determine the gender distribution of publications. We evaluated publications from German research institutes from 2000 to 2020. This resulted in a data set of 2929 authors. We could assign a first name to almost all authors. The percentage of female authors increased until 2008, but thereafter stagnated at around 30%. The position of senior author is far less often held by women (around 15%). Even though multiple political measures were implemented to increase the female participation, our analysis has shown no increase regardless. We also observed a strong decrease in German authorship (both male and female) since 2000. In the editorial board and for advisory editors, there has been a substantial increase in the proportion of women since 2016 as the result of appointments by the editor-in-chief. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our study in context with the literature and current developments in society and science and methodological pitfalls of studies in this field. More research is required to obtain a full picture of gender structure in science and to be able to properly interpret the data.

In vitro effectiveness of biapenem against IMP-producing Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Gotoh ◽  
Makoto Miyoshi ◽  
I Putu Bayu Mayura ◽  
Koji Iio ◽  
Osamu Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Time Kill

The options available for treating infections with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are limited; with the increasing threat of these infections, new treatments are urgently needed. Biapenem (BIPM) is a carbapenem, and limited data confirming its in vitro killing effect against CPE are available. In this study, we examined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of BIPM for 14 IMP-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from the Okayama region in Japan. The MICs against almost all the isolates were lower than 0.5 µg ml−1, indicating susceptibility to BIPM, while approximately half of the isolates were confirmed to be bacteriostatic to BIPM. However, initial killing to a 99.9 % reduction was observed in seven out of eight strains in a time–kill assay. Despite the small data set, we concluded that the in vitro efficacy of BIPM suggests that the drug could be a new therapeutic option against infection with IMP-producing CPE.

ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE, GENDER AND AN INDEX OF EXCITABILITY

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Buckalew ◽  
N. M. Buckalew ◽  
Weldon J. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Gender Effects ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Myers Briggs Type Indicator ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Jungian Theory ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Type Indicator ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Attentional Tasks ◽  
Gender Specific

Introversion-extraversion and gender effects on attention were investigated. Eysenck's theory, based on excitability, underlying the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire suggests introverts performing better than extraverts on tasks of time to first identification and number identified in an attentional task (discerning differences between two similar cartoons). Based on 45 college students, gender-specific analysis showed increasing extraversion in men tended to relate to poorer performance in number identified and longer times in first identification while opposite relationships were found for women. Findings suggest gender differences on the EPQ and differential gender effects of EPQ-defined extraversion on attentional tasks. Eysenck's theory appeared upheld for men but not women. Extraversion defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (based on Jungian theory) was related to fewer numbers identified and longer times for first identification. Further research is needed to better identify underpinnings of this personality dimension and conditions for its effects.

scholarly journals Volcanic impact on the climate – the stratospheric aerosol load in the period 2006–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 11149-11169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Friberg ◽  
Bengt G. Martinsson ◽  
Sandra M. Andersson ◽  
Oscar S. Sandvik
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Volcanic Impact ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Correct Data

Abstract. We present a study on the stratospheric aerosol load during 2006–2015, discuss the influence from volcanism and other sources, and reconstruct an aerosol optical depth (AOD) data set in a resolution of 1∘ latitudinally and 8 days timewise. The purpose is to include the “entire” stratosphere, from the tropopause to the almost particle-free altitudes of the midstratosphere. A dynamic tropopause of 1.5 PVU was used, since it enclosed almost all of the volcanic signals in the CALIOP data set. The data were successfully cleaned from polar stratospheric clouds using a temperature threshold of 195 K. Furthermore, a method was developed to correct data when the CALIOP laser beam was strongly attenuated by volcanic aerosol, preventing a negative bias in the AOD data set. Tropospheric influence, likely from upwelling dust, was found in the extratropical transition layer in spring. Eruptions of both extratropical and tropical volcanoes that injected aerosol into the stratosphere impacted the stratospheric aerosol load for up to a year if their clouds reached lower than 20 km altitude. Deeper-reaching tropical injections rose in the tropical pipe and impacted it for several years. Our AODs mostly compare well to other long-term studies of the stratospheric AOD. Over the years 2006–2015, volcanic eruptions increased the stratospheric AOD on average by ∼40 %. In absolute numbers the stratospheric AOD and radiative forcing amounted to 0.008 and −0.2 W m−2, respectively.

Intermittency and related issues in 16O-Ag/Br collision at 200A GeV/c

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Ghosh ◽  
P. K. Haldar ◽  
S. K. Manna ◽  
A. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
G. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Final State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Singly Charged ◽  
Almost All

In this paper we present some results on the nonstatistical fluctuation in the 1-dimensional (1-d) density distribution of singly charged produced particles in the framework of the intermittency phenomenon. A set of nuclear emulsion data on 16O-Ag/Br interactions at an incident momentum of 200A GeV/c, was analyzed in terms of different statistical methods that are related to the self-similar fractal properties of the particle density function. A comparison of the present experiment with a similar experiment induced by the 32S nuclei and also with a set of results simulated by the Lund Monte Carlo code FRITIOF is presented. A similar comparison between this experiment and a pseudo-random number generated simulated data set is also made. The analysis reveals the presence of a weak intermittency in the 1-d phase space distribution of the produced particles. The results also indicate the occurrence of a nonthermal phase transition during emission of final-state hadrons. Our results on factorial correlators suggests that short-range correlations are present in the angular distribution of charged hadrons, whereas those on oscillatory moments show that such correlations are not restricted only to a few particles. In almost all cases, the simulated results fail to replicate their experimental counterparts.

Influence tactics and salary attainment: A gender-specific analysis

Sex Roles ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Dreher ◽  
Thomas W. Dougherty ◽  
William Whitely
Keyword(s):  
Influence Tactics ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals A unified haplotype-based method for accurate and comprehensive variant calling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Cooke ◽  
David C Wedge ◽  
Gerton Lunter
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Variant Calling ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Somatic Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Physical Linkage ◽  
Germline Variation ◽  
Almost All

Haplotype-based variant callers, which consider physical linkage between variant sites, are currently among the best tools for germline variation discovery and genotyping from short-read sequencing data. However, almost all such tools were designed specifically for detecting common germline variation in diploid populations, and give sub-optimal results in other scenarios. Here we present Octopus, a versatile haplotype-based variant caller that uses a polymorphic Bayesian genotyping model capable of modeling sequencing data from a range of experimental designs within a unified haplotype-aware framework. We show that Octopus accurately calls de novo mutations in parent-offspring trios and germline variants in individuals, including SNVs, indels, and small complex replacements such as microinversions. In addition, using a carefully designed synthetic-tumour data set derived from clean sequencing data from a sample with known germline haplotypes, and observed mutations in large cohort of tumour samples, we show that Octopus accurately characterizes germline and somatic variation in tumours, both with and without a paired normal sample. Sequencing reads and prior information are combined to phase called genotypes of arbitrary ploidy, including those with somatic mutations. Octopus also outputs realigned evidence BAMs to aid validation and interpretation.

Factors associated with potential doping behavior in Olympic-sailing: a gender-specific analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sime Versic ◽  
Ognjen Uljevic ◽  
Dora Maric ◽  
Damir Sekulic ◽  
Dorica Sajber
Keyword(s):  
Factors Associated ◽  
Doping Behavior ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Gender Specific

This Conjuncture: For Stuart Hall

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (96) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship

When Stuart Hall died in 2014, many tributes and memorial activities were planned by organisations, institutions and publications that felt they owed him a debt. New Formations was no exception, and the editorial board spent some time reflecting on an appropriate tribute. Stuart himself, as many of us knew, had little interest in seeing his work codified or memorialised for its own sake. But there was one injunction that many of us were familiar with from that work, his example, and from frequent personal and political conversations with him. The importance of thinking about 'the conjuncture', of 'getting the analysis right', was one that Stuart frequently emphasised to his students and interlocutors. The importance of mapping the specificity of the present, of situating current developments historically, of looking out for political threats and opportunities, was always at the heart of Stuart's conception both of 'cultural studies' as a specific intellectual practice, and of the general vocation of critical and engaged scholarship in the contemporary world. This is double-issue is the first of two volumes of New Formations to be dedicated, in Stuart's honour, to the understanding of this conjuncture. This introductory essay/editorial considers the relationship between 'cultural studies' and 'conjunctural analysis' as specific types of intellectual practice, before proposing a specific analysis of our present 'conjuncture', in dialogue with the other contributors to this volume.

Analyzing Growth Trends of Reusable Software Components

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuljit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Software Evolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reusable Components ◽  
Reusable Software ◽  
Evolution Analysis ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Monitoring Software

Reusable software components are the software modules that can be (re)used across a number of applications in a particular domain. Component users prefer to use those components which can be adapted easily for their changing requirements. So components have to evolve continuously in order to attract users. This chapter focuses on the evolutionary aspects of software components. It mentions various techniques for monitoring software evolution. It uses metrics based analysis as the technique to show software evolution of 15 reusable components from the point of view of their size, complexity, and functionality. The evolution analysis is motivated by laws of software evolution which suggest that as software ages, it increases in size and complexity (unless it is managed) and it has to offer increased functionality to please its users. The findings of the study indicate that the size of the software components (in this data set) grows at a linear rate, and complexity is well managed. However, increase in functionality is sub linear for almost all the components. It remains almost constant for some of them.

Breathing Under Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mesquita Borges ◽  
Rita Faria
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Gender Specific

The current chapter will allow a better understanding of refugee women's situation in global-forced migration. It also offers a comprehensive account of the ways in which refugee women's experiences of violence are shaped by gendered relations and structures. Furthermore, the chapter will analyze the interactions between the gender identity formation of men and women, the context of escape, displacement and asylum seeking, and the experience or manifestation of gender-based violence against refugee women. Finally, it also intends to illustrate how structural and symbolic violence and power relations cooperate to shape experiences of violence for refugee women and how it can influence and perpetuate interpersonal violence. In this sense, several studies are presented that demonstrate, on one hand, how gender relations are affected by escape, displacement, and asylum, and how they can create different practices of structural and symbolic violence; and, on the other hand, draw attention to the current lack of gender-specific analysis of the problem of asylum and refugees.

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