Honor-Related Violence in the Netherlands

What has the Dutch police learned about violence in the name of the family honor over the years? In the first paragraph, authors will deal with the question: What is violence in the name of the family honor? And what has the Dutch police done to curb this particular form of violence? The second paragraph addresses the question: What tools do the Dutch police have for dealing with this form of violence and helping vulnerable groups in society? The most important lesson that the Dutch Police have learned is that this form of violence has many faces. It might be a threat or have a lethal outcome. Next to that, ancient honor codes are capable of tapping into modern times: offenses against the honor of the family do not only take place in ‘real life' so to speak, but also online. In the early days in The Netherlands, violence in the name of family honor was often associated with migrants of Turkish decent, but nowadays the police also see cases in other communities.

Breathing Under Water

The current chapter will allow a better understanding of refugee women's situation in global-forced migration. It also offers a comprehensive account of the ways in which refugee women's experiences of violence are shaped by gendered relations and structures. Furthermore, the chapter will analyze the interactions between the gender identity formation of men and women, the context of escape, displacement and asylum seeking, and the experience or manifestation of gender-based violence against refugee women. Finally, it also intends to illustrate how structural and symbolic violence and power relations cooperate to shape experiences of violence for refugee women and how it can influence and perpetuate interpersonal violence. In this sense, several studies are presented that demonstrate, on one hand, how gender relations are affected by escape, displacement, and asylum, and how they can create different practices of structural and symbolic violence; and, on the other hand, draw attention to the current lack of gender-specific analysis of the problem of asylum and refugees.

Identifiable Challenges as Global Complexities

Discourses on globalization and violence often fall short on understanding the gender aspects of different forms of violence. This is particularly the case for stateless women and girls, faced with the existing institutionalized systems of social and legal protection which do not account for them, making them almost invisible. Subsequently, this contribution claims that the assessment of vulnerability, and likely responses, are linked to power and identity at the global levels. Furthermore, such responses are shaped by the structure of agency and associated power structures in society. Unequal power structures are likely to lead to unequal patterns of neglect, or perverse responses that protect entrenched interests aligned with existing structures of identity or influence. In this way, the “vulnerability of stateless identity” can itself be a source of heightened anxiety and fear.

Natural Phenomena and Youth Conflicts

The study conducted exploratively from an analytical desk review perspective sought to establish climate change-induced conflicts on the youths in Zimbabwe and how they may be addressed. This is against a background where most studies around climate change often fail to focus on its effects on the youth and how it drives the latter to engage in conflicts. Data was drawn from both archival material and policy documents. The study was guided by a concept of human security, which looks at climate change as a threat to the youth, resulting in conflicts. The study established what it calls climate conflicts. It also noted that climate change does not lead to conflicts. Rather it is the result of climate change complimented by other factors that the risk of climate-induced conflicts by youths may arise. It also concluded that all the climate change effects cascade to youths' opportunities for jobs and development.

Globalization, the Media, and Challenges of Illegal Migration for Africa

There is a growing concern about African migrants who risk their lives to embark on hazardous journeys across dozens of borders and the treacherous waves of the Mediterranean Sea in search of a better life in Europe. Cable News Network footage of a live auction in Libya, where black youths were presented to north African buyers as potential farmhands and sold for as little as $400 confirm the fears and brought to the fore the ugly reality of the plight of illegal migrants. Aside, the narratives in the media about migration also give cause for concern. In the midst of the general invisibility of illegal migrants in the media, most portrayals refer to migrants in connection with themes of ‘trafficking', ‘prostitution', ‘slavery', and ‘death' because cases of enslavement, drowning, and killings of trafficked Africans in search of utopia greener pastures flood newspapers, magazines, and broadcast space. It is against this backdrop that this chapter proffers solutions and recommends ways to halt illegal migration and change media narratives about migration in Africa.

New “Trends” of Sentence Execution in the Globalization Era

This chapter reviews the way “home confinement with electronic monitoring” is widespread internationally as an alternative penal sanction to imprisonment, in the globalization era. More specifically, the globalization of criminal activity, the emergence of new forms of criminal behavior, the privatization of anticrime policy, and the appearance of “modern governance of security,” all have allowed technology to infringe into social control of crime. The chapter explores the conception of the idea of a constant electronic surveillance system of offenders into their private space in the late 60s. Since then, such form of punishment has expanded to many penal systems all over the world, having greater appeal in Great Britain than elsewhere in Europe. Greece, following the developments described above, enacted Law No 4205/2013 and therefore, the parameters of the Greek pilot program of electronic monitoring are examined. Finally, the chapter considers all possible violations to ‘prisoners' fundamental rights and to those residing with them.

Marginalization of Pupils With Disabilities in Educational System

The educational development history of pupils with disabilities is characterized by a very slow change in the social awareness that their specialty and importance are not obstacles for successful inclusion in education and society. The obstacles to the full integration of these pupils into the educational process, as well as other segments of social life, are the result of the community's attitude towards people with disabilities, often based on their marginalization and extradition. However, when disability is viewed as only one of the personality specificities, through the adjustment of the environment, it influences the fact that the attitude of the society towards the person with disabilities is not an obstacle in the development of the personality and its socialization. In this sense, society as a whole plays an important role in the optimal development of each member, and therefore we will deal with the problem of inclusion and education as well as the importance of involving children with disabilities in the educational system.

Conflict, Human Displacement, and Integration

International and regional conflicts have been the most significant source of forced displacement and mass migration for decades. In a globalized world, human displacement reached its highest numbers and conflict became the number one reason for people to leave their home countries. This chapter analyzes the relationship between conflict and human displacement in a globalized context and demonstrates different stages of displacement. Each stage is connected with relevant levels of analysis (international, state, society, and individual) and the chapter argues that refugees become subjects of different risks at international, state, and societal levels during and after the displacement process. At each level, the nature of vulnerability changes and refugees are mostly affected by several external conditions, of which they have very limited control. By looking at the human (forced) displacement as a phenomenon from global to regional than local will help us to understand how the displacement process itself increases the vulnerability of displaced groups and individuals.

State Violence, Separatist Agitations, and Population Displacement in Cameroon

This chapter interrogates the impacts of state violence and the proliferations of pro-separatist agitations in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon on vulnerable groups as its objective. Through secondary sources of data collection and content analysis, authors observed that the continued interplay of state violence and the various agitations for the independence of Ambazonia by separatist groups accounts for the ongoing displacement of women and children both as internally displaced persons and refugees. Hence, they argued that the unprecedented humanitarian challenges facing these vulnerable groups manifest in the various spheres of confrontations involving the Cameroonian security forces and various armed separatist groups in Southern Cameroon. Tables in this chapter provide links between how various dimensions of the Anglophone crisis affect women and children. This chapter discusses also the factors fuelling separatist agitations, future research directions, solutions and recommendations in resolving the Anglophone crisis in the Republique du la Cameroun.

Syrian Youth, War, and Community Approach to Stigma Surrounding Psychological Intervention

This chapter will discuss why countries that emerge from prolonged civil wars need to provide their citizens with adequate mental health services and make a reference to Syria as a case study. It will demonstrate an association between mental disorders and violence which threatens the stability, national security, and the aspired recovery of the country. The chapter will refer to young people as they are the future in process and the makers of the future change in Syria. However, rather than listing or discussing solutions, the chapter will take a community approach to stigma and discuss how a shift in the way the Syrian society views and approaches mental illness is necessary to alleviate stigma and its impact. The chapter will also show how minority groups among the Syrian youth are subject to an aggravated level of stigma. In doing so, the chapter will address various social concepts such as youth, masculinity, community, and society.