scholarly journals Aptamer-based assays: strategies in the use of aptamers conjugated to magnetic micro- and nanobeads as recognition elements in food control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Mattarozzi ◽  
Lorenzo Toma ◽  
Alessandro Bertucci ◽  
Marco Giannetto ◽  
Maria Careri
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Recognition Elements ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Critical Aspects

AbstractAn outlook on the current status of different strategies for magnetic micro- and nanosized bead functionalization with aptamers as prominent bioreceptors is given with a focus on electrochemical and optical apta-assays, as well as on aptamer-modified magnetic bead–based miniaturized extraction techniques in food control. Critical aspects that affect interaction of aptamers with target molecules, as well as the possible side effects caused by aptamer interaction with other molecules due to non-specific binding, are discussed. Challenges concerning the real potential and limitations of aptamers as bioreceptors when facing analytical problems in food control are addressed. Graphical abstract

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

scholarly journals The Magnetic Bead Computing Model of the 0-1 Integer Programming Problem Based on DNA Cycle Hybridization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rujie Xu ◽  
Zhixiang Yin ◽  
Zhen Tang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jianzhong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Programming Problem ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Integer Programming Problem ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Dna Strands

Magnetic beads and magnetic Raman technology substrates have good magnetic response ability and surface-enhanced Raman technology (SERS) activity. Therefore, magnetic beads exhibit high sensitivity in SERS detection. In this paper, DNA cycle hybridization and magnetic bead models are combined to solve 0-1 integer programming problems. First, the model maps the variables to DNA strands with hairpin structures and weights them by the number of hairpin DNA strands. This result can be displayed by the specific binding of streptavidin and biotin. Second, the constraint condition of the 0-1 integer programming problem can be accomplished by detecting the signal intensity of the biological barcode to find the optimal solution. Finally, this model can be used to solve the general 0-1 integer programming problem and has more extensive applications than the previous DNA computing model.

MIP-Based Impedimetric Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Lagarde
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Molecular Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Molecular Imprinting Technique ◽  
Recognition Elements ◽  
Target Molecules

Molecular imprinting technique allows the preparation of tailor-made materials with high recognition faculty towards target molecules. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are more robust, easier to manipulate and cheaper than biological receptors, constituting very attractive alternatives to biomolecules as recognition elements in the elaboration of biosensors. In this paper, the principles and advantages of MIP-based impedimetric sensors are described and some examples of application in the biological or environmental fields are given.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cen Yan ◽  
Xiao-Jiang Quan ◽  
Ying-Mei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Target Molecules

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte protection and preservation of cardiac function. Methodology: To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity induced by virus and random integration into the human genome. Discussion: Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production. They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer. In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective in the field of nanoparticle vehicle. Conclusion: Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.

The Specific Binding between Aptamer and its Target Molecules Investigated by Microcantilever Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Hui Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Gold Surface ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Target Molecules

Cantilever with modified aptamers on the gold surface was employed to detect platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and cocaine. The deflection increased when PDGF-BB and cocaine were added into the flowing cell, respectively. The defection depended on the concentration of PDGF-BB and cocaine. It was also found the microcantiver went back to the same position as without cocaine after adding cocaine aptamer in situ, which proved that the cantilever could be reused. The deflection arose from the specific interaction between aptamer and its target.

scholarly journals New Strategies for Evaluation and Analysis of SELEX Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Beier ◽  
Elke Boschke ◽  
Dirk Labudde
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Specific Binding Sites ◽  
Detailed Specification ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Target Molecules

Aptamers are an interesting alternative to antibodies in pharmaceutics and biosensorics, because they are able to bind to a multitude of possible target molecules with high affinity. Therefore the process of finding such aptamers, which is commonly a SELEX screening process, becomes crucial. The standard SELEX procedure schedules the validation of certain found aptamers via binding experiments, which is not leading to any detailed specification of the aptamer enrichment during the screening. For the purpose of advanced analysis of the accrued enrichment within the SELEX library we used sequence information gathered by next generation sequencing techniques in addition to the standard SELEX procedure. As sequence motifs are one possibility of enrichment description, the need of finding those recurring sequence motifs corresponding to substructures within the aptamers, which are characteristically fitted to specific binding sites of the target, arises. In this paper a motif search algorithm is presented, which helps to describe the aptamers enrichment in more detail. The extensive characterization of target and binding aptamers may later reveal a functional connection between these molecules, which can be modeled and used to optimize future SELEX runs in case of the generation of target-specific starting libraries.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON COVID-19 PANDEMIC A GLOBAL THREAT-CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
SUNITHA SUKUMARAN ◽  
S. SATHIANARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Covid19 (Coronavirus) is a life-threatening virus that mainly affects our respiratory system, kidney, and GIT tract. People with a low immune system in their body fall prey to it. This virus (2019-nCoV) spreads easily from one person to another. As there is no treatment to kill the virus, the only way to stop this pandemic is through precautions and reduce the viral load in the body. This review reveals the main types of coronaviruses, history, pathophysiology, current treatment, drawbacks of current treatment, targets for drug development against Covid-19, vaccines discovered for covid-19, side effects of the currently available vaccines, and current status of this situation. The main mechanism of action of the virus easily enters to bind with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the human body cells. Management of the virus several approaches will be taken mainly isolation of the patients and contacts the contacts, oxygen therapy for respiratory failure patients based on the severity Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Chloroquine, and Hydroxychloroquine, Alpha-interferon and plasma therapy can be used to control the infections. In India, AYUSH is also recommended to enhance the immune system through herbal-based products, Vaccination is also recommended by most of the countries, but many side effects and drug-drug interactions were reported for the above treatments. So that in future a new way of approach should be developed by our health organization as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Current progress and future perspectives in the development of anti-polo-like kinase 1 therapeutic agents

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
David Hymel ◽  
Terrence R. Burke, Jr. ◽  
Kyung S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Cancer Drug Discovery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation

Although significant levels of side effects are often associated with their use, microtubule-directed agents that primarily target fast-growing mitotic cells have been considered to be some of the most effective anti-cancer therapeutics. With the hope of developing new-generation anti-mitotic agents with reduced side effects and enhanced tumor specificity, researchers have targeted various proteins whose functions are critically required for mitotic progression. As one of the highly attractive mitotic targets, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been the subject of an extensive effort for anti-cancer drug discovery. To date, a variety of anti-Plk1 agents have been developed, and several of them are presently in clinical trials. Here, we will discuss the current status of generating anti-Plk1 agents as well as future strategies for designing and developing more efficacious anti-Plk1 therapeutics.

A Systematic Review on Synthetic Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals Used to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-356
Author(s):  
Mayukh Banerjee ◽  
Rubiya Khursheed ◽  
Ankit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Monica Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications

Background: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease and a major cause for many microvascular and macrovascular complications. The disease will ultimately lead to high rate mortality if it is not managed properly. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects has always remained a major challenge for health care practitioners. Introduction: The current review discusses the various conventional drugs, herbal drugs, combination therapy and the use of nutraceuticals for the effective management of diabetes mellitus. The biotechnological aspects of various antidiabetic drugs are also discussed. Methods: Structured search of bibliographic databases for previously published peer-reviewed research papers was explored and data was sorted in terms of various approaches that are used for the treatment of diabetes. Results: More than 170 papers including both research and review articles, were included in this review in order to produce a comprehensive and easily understandable article. A series of herbal and synthetic drugs have been discussed along with their current status of treatment in terms of dose, mechanism of action and possible side effects. The article also focuses on combination therapies containing synthetic as well as herbal drugs to treat the disease. The role of pre and probiotics in the management of diabetes is also highlighted. Conclusion: Oral antihyperglycemics which are used to treat diabetes can cause many adverse effects and if given in combination, can lead to drug-drug interactions. The combination of various phytochemicals with synthetic drugs can overcome the challenge faced by the synthetic drug treatment. Herbal and nutraceuticals therapy and the use of probiotics and prebiotics are a more holistic therapy due to their natural origin and traditional use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document