Reduced Dimension, Biophysical Neuron Models Constructed From Observed Data

Using methods from nonlinear dynamics and interpolation techniques from applied mathematics, we show how to use data alone to construct discrete time dynamical rules that forecast observed neuron properties. These data may come from from simulations of a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron model or from laboratory current clamp experiments. In each case the reduced dimension data driven forecasting (DDF) models are shown to predict accurately for times after the training period.When the available observations for neuron preparations are, for example, membrane voltage V(t) only, we use the technique of time delay embedding from nonlinear dynamics to generate an appropriate space in which the full dynamics can be realized.The DDF constructions are reduced dimension models relative to HH models as they are built on and forecast only observables such as V(t). They do not require detailed specification of ion channels, their gating variables, and the many parameters that accompany an HH model for laboratory measurements, yet all of this important information is encoded in the DDF model.As the DDF models use only voltage data and forecast only voltage data they can be used in building networks with biophysical connections. Both gap junction connections and ligand gated synaptic connections among neurons involve presynaptic voltages and induce postsynaptic voltage response. Biophysically based DDF neuron models can replace other reduced dimension neuron models, say of the integrate-and-fire type, in developing and analyzing large networks of neurons.When one does have detailed HH model neurons for network components, a reduced dimension DDF realization of the HH voltage dynamics may be used in network computations to achieve computational efficiency and the exploration of larger biological networks.

Is Chinese Run-on Sentence an Exception to the Iconicity of Sequence?

As one of the most active scholars in the field of Chinese run-on sentence (CRS for short), Wang and Zhao (2016) keenly realize that CRS displays distinctive traits of spatiality, namely, chunkiness, discreteness and reversibility, among which, the last trait and the iconicity of sequence/order (e.g. Haiman, 1984, 1985) seem to depict a diametrically opposite picture. In the present article, there would be an attempt to undertake an investigation of Wang, Zhao et al.’s ‘reversibility’ to see whether or not CRS is an exception to the iconicity of sequence/order. The main arguments are as follows. First, ‘reversibility’ is borne out to be local by some linguistic facts, especially in: (i) duyuju within CRS; and (ii) shuncheng CRS. Second, although the ‘reversibility’ sometimes exhibits a tendency to change the positions of clauses/syntagms in CRS, there is a clear correlation between the clause order of CRS and iconicity. The sequence/order principle in practice emerges as a cognitive mechanism emitting some effects in the clause order of CRS. Third, the Reversibility Condition is required to come into being so as to arrive at a detailed specification of the applicable scope of the ‘reversibility’. And finally, it is more preferable to ameliorate the spatiality of CRS as two traits, that is, chunkiness and discreteness.

Distributed Watchdogs Based on Blockchain for Securing Industrial Internet of Things

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) could enhance automation and analytics in industrial environments. Despite the promising benefits of IIoT, securely managing software updates is a challenging problem for those critical applications. This is due to at least the intrinsic lack of software protection mechanisms in legacy industrial systems. In this paper, to address the challenges in building a secure software supply chain for industrial environments, we propose a new approach that leverages distributed watchdogs with blockchain systems in protecting software supply chains. For this purpose, we bind every entity with a unique identity in the blockchain and employ the blockchain as a delegated authenticator by mapping every reporting action to a non-fungible token transfer. Moreover, we present a detailed specification to clearly define the behavior of systems and to apply model checking.

Revisiting the “matching managers to strategy” argument in the context of a firm’s internationalisation strategy

Purpose This paper aims to revisit the long-standing in the management literature argument of “matching managers to strategy” in the new empirical context of the top management team (TMT) and firm internationalisation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the consequences of matching nationalities of the TMT members to the multinational corporations’ (MNC) countries of operation. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on the quantitative methods. The authors use the traditional regression analysis, with the ordinary least squares estimation, in the moderated multiple regression models. Findings The study findings point to the importance of the asset-based exposure to international environments for the benefits of the TMT nationality matching to materialise. They re-affirm the critical remarks on the early “matching managers to strategy” frameworks, which indicated that the effectiveness of matching is underpinned by the detailed specification of the matching contingencies that influence the matching process. Originality/value The measure of matching the TMT foreign nationals to the MNCs’ host countries constitutes a novel way of capturing the TMT internationalisation, as opposed to measuring the incidence of foreigners on the TMTs or the TMT nationality diversity variable. It therefore underlines the aspect of matching in terms of the cultural fit between the TMT nationalities and countries of MNCs’ operations.

Chemical Conversion of Hardly Ionizable Rhenium Aryl Chlorocomplexes with p-Substituted Anilines

Fast and selective analytical methods help to ensure the chemical identity and desired purity of the prepared complexes before their medical application, and play an indispensable role in clinical practice. Mass spectrometry, despite some limitations, is an integral part of these methods. In the context of mass spectrometry, specific problems arise with the low ionization efficiency of particular analytes. Chemical derivatization was used as one of the most effective methods to improve the analyte’s response and separation characteristics. The Schotten–Baumann reaction was successfully adapted for the derivatization of ESI hardly ionizable Re(VII) bis(catechol) oxochlorocomplex. Various alkyl and halogen p-substituted anilines as possible derivatization agents were tested. Unlike the starting complex, the reaction products were easily ionizable in electrospray, providing structurally characteristic molecular and fragment anions. DFT computer modeling, which proposed significant conformation changes of prepared complexes within their deprotonation, proved to have a close link to MS spectra. High-resolution MS and MS/MS measurements complemented with collision-induced dissociation experiments for detailed specification of prepared complexes’ fragmentation pathways were used. The specified fragmentation schemes were analogous for all studied derivatives, with an exception for [Re(O)(Cat)2PIPA].

The Role and Place of Intra-Cooperative Relations not Regulated by Legislation at the Present Stage of the Formation of Agricultural Consumer Cooperatives

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the development of intra-cooperative relations not regulated by legislation as one of the means of increasing the viability of agricultural consumer cooperatives in the context of modern Russian realities. Considered relationships are manifested in the practice of cooperatives in the form of following certain rules, attitudes, behavioral patterns, agreements, etc. It has been established that the underdevelopment of these relations, coupled with gaps in the cooperative legislation, is one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory rates of development of this type of cooperation in the country. Relations in the areas of management and receiving cooperative services are highlighted as the most important. Based on the study of the practice of cooperative organizations in the developed countries of the European Union and the experience of successful domestic cooperatives, the need to develop internal regulations in each cooperative containing a detailed specification of the mechanisms for implementing internal relations is substantiated. Examples of the formation of effective elements of intra-cooperative relations are given. It is concluded that the development of intra-cooperative relations corresponding to the values and principles of cooperation contributes to the filling of existing institutional voids and is a real factor in the successful development of agricultural consumer cooperation.

Quantification of Ebola virus replication kinetics in vitro

Mathematical modelling has successfully been used to provide quantitative descriptions of many viral infections, but for the Ebola virus, which requires biosafety level 4 facilities for experimentation, modelling can play a crucial role. Ebola virus modelling efforts have primarily focused on in vivo virus kinetics, e.g., in animal models, to aid the development of antivirals and vaccines. But, thus far, these studies have not yielded a detailed specification of the infection cycle, which could provide a foundational description of the virus kinetics and thus a deeper understanding of their clinical manifestation. Here, we obtain a diverse experimental data set of the Ebola virus infection in vitro, and then make use of Bayesian inference methods to fully identify parameters in a mathematical model of the infection. Our results provide insights into the distribution of time an infected cell spends in the eclipse phase (the period between infection and the start of virus production), as well as the rate at which infectious virions lose infectivity. We suggest how these results can be used in future models to describe co-infection with defective interfering particles, which are an emerging alternative therapeutic.

PREPARATION FOR RELEASE FROM PRISON ON THE BASIS OF ART. 164 OF PENAL ENFORCEMENT CODE. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS AND NEEDS OF SYSTEM SOLUTIONS

The presented article addresses the issue of readaptation of convicts as part of the program of preparation for release from prison on the basis of art. 164 of the Penal Enforcement Code . The author presents the assumptions of the discussed institution of executive criminal law. Then, he defines the areas of activity and specific tasks of the probation officer for adults, implementing the convict to leave the prison in the light of applicable regulations and his own practice. He notices the deficiencies in the applicable provisions regarding the detailed specification of tasks and procedures of the body preparing the “dismissal program”. Indicates specific examples and the need to create specific legal regulations. He postulates the development of a coherent and complementary system of social readaptation of convicts, in which each institution obliged to implement the above objective would have a clearly defined role and tasks in practice.

Risk Management Of EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction) “Siberut Agregated Biomass Gasification Power Plant” Project in Civil Engineering Design Stage

The Construction of EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) Siberut Aggregated Biomass Gasification Power Plant is the first power plant project in Indonesia that uses bamboo as fuel to produce electricity. Judging from the complexity of the project, it is necessary to carry out risk management for the identification and detailed analysis of the risks or uncertainties that occur in the project, especially the design engineering stage. This study uses interview methods and surveys that are implemented in the google form questionnaire to make it easier for respondents to assess risks provided. Risk assessment uses a Likert scale to determine the level of probability and impact. Next step is risk mapping to determine mitigation efforts. There are 15 independent risk variables and 1 variable risk binders obtained from interviews and literature studies. It is known that 6.67% of the risk is included in the criteria of low risk (minor risk), 73.33% of the risk is included in the criteria of moderate risk (high risk), and 20% of the risk is included in the criteria of high risk (extreme risk). From the data projected onto the risk treatment table so that the results of 6.67% risk are acceptable (acceptable), 20.00% risk is unacceptable, 73.33% undesirable risk. Risk mitigation for 16 identified risks comes from detailed specification issues, incompatibility and implementation of drawing, and multitasking engineering resources. Most risk ownership is directed to the implementing contractor, but not limited to the owner, subcontractor, planning consultant, and supervisory consultant.

Digital Tourism in the Development of the Arctic Region

The problems considered in the work are determined by modern requirements in the growth of the tourism industry as an important system of social and economic development. Globalization in the tourism sector determines the need to transform and overcome the traditional forms of tourism. Tourism with the actual rhythm of life has ceased to be a means of rest only, it also acts as an active economic agent and a means of maintaining a remote business in its work. This allows us to say that digital tourism can attract a large audience at relatively low cost. The work defines that digital tourism is not only an external manifestation of the possibility of visiting places without detailed specification of their location, but also have access to technologies that allow designing the functioning of tourism facilities taking into account the data received from the introduction of digital technologies. The work shows that digital tourism completely changes the overall structure of the tourism industry, based on stream modeling, which allows tourists to stay in touch and be online during the entire travel period. The schemes of designing such a tourist route are shown, the ways of its introduction into the Arctic tourism sector are revealed, the mathematical model of the design of the capacity of the tourist flow of the Arctic is developed.