Pyrraline content in enteral formula processing and storage and model systems

1. The stability of tryptophan was evaluated in several different food model systems using a chemical method (high pressure liquid chromatography after alkaline-hydrolysis) and rat assays. Losses of tryptophan were compared with the losses of lysine and methionine.2. Whey proteins stored in the presence of oxidizing lipids showed large losses of lysine and extensive methionine oxidation but only minor losses of tryptophan as measured chemically. The observed decrease in bioavailable tryptophan was explained by a lower protein digestibility.3. Casein treated with hydrogen peroxide to oxidize all methionine to methionine sulphoxide showed a 9% loss in bioavailable tryptophan.4. When casein was reacted with caffeic acid at pH 7 in the presence of monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase; EC 1.14.18.l), no chemical loss of tryptophan occurred, although fluorodinitrobenzene-reactive lysine fell by 23%. Tryptophan bioavailability fell IS%, partly due to an 8% reduction in protein digestibility.5. Alkali-treated casein (0.15 M-sodium hydroxide, 80°,4 h) did not support rat growth. Chemically-determined tryptophan, available tryptophan and true nitrogen digestibility fell 10, 46 and 23% respectively. Racemization of tryptophan was found to be 10% (D/(D+L)).6. In whole-milk powder, which had undergone ‘early’ or ‘advanced’ Maillard reactions, tryptophan, determined chemically or in rat assays, was virtually unchanged. Extensive lysine losses occurred.7. It was concluded that losses of tryptophan during food processing and storage are small and of only minor nutritional importance, especially when compared with much larger losses of lysine and the more extensive oxidation of methionine.

Download Full-text

Stability of tryptophan during food processing and storage

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850036 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Henrik K. Nielsen ◽

A. Klein ◽

R. F. Hurrell

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽

Food Processing ◽

Model Systems ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Hplc Measurement ◽

Colorimetric Reaction ◽

Good Agreement

1. Tryptophan losses in stored milk powders and in different model systems representing the major reactions of food proteins during processing and storage were determined using four different chemical methods and in a rat assay.2. Similar tryptophan values were obtained by the three chemical methods which included high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after sodium hydroxide hydrolysis. colorimetric reaction withp-dimethylamino- benzaldehyde (p-DAB) after barium hydroxide hydrolysis, and fluorescence of the Norharman derivative after NaOH hydrolysis.3. Tryptophan losses in the treated proteins as measured by the alkaline-hydrolysis methods were generally smaller than those determined by the rat assay. Good agreement however was obtained when the chemical value was multiplied by the true nitrogen digestibility.4. Determination of tryptophan by reaction withp-DAB after papain (EC 3.4.22.2) digestion gave lower values in the processed proteins than the other chemical methods or the rat assay.5. A method using alkaline-hydrolysis is recommended, preferably combined with HPLC-measurement of the liberated tryptophan.

Download Full-text

Liprin-α proteins: scaffold molecules for synapse maturation

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0351278 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1278-1282 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

S.A. Spangler ◽

C.C. Hoogenraad

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Synapse Formation ◽

Synaptic Proteins ◽

Model Systems ◽

Scaffolding Proteins ◽

Synapse Maturation ◽

Biochemical Genetic ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Function ◽

And Storage

Synapses are specialized communication junctions between neurons whose plasticity provides the structural and functional basis for information processing and storage in the brain. Recent biochemical, genetic and imaging studies in diverse model systems are beginning to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which synaptic vesicles, ion channels, receptors and other synaptic components assemble to make a functional synapse. Recent evidence has shown that the formation and function of synapses are critically regulated by the liprin-α family of scaffolding proteins. The liprin-αs have been implicated in pre- and post-synaptic development by recruiting synaptic proteins and regulating synaptic cargo transport. Here, we will summarize the diversity of liprin binding partners, highlight the factors that control the function of liprin-αs at the synapse and discuss how liprin-α family proteins regulate synapse formation and synaptic transmission.

Download Full-text

Processing and storage in working memory: The effect of memory load on processing performance

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512592013-534 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

E. Vergauwe ◽

P. Barrouillet ◽

V. Camos

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Load ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

Download Full-text

Forgetting Rates Constrain Working Memory Span Independently of Processing and Storage Abilities

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537052012-460 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Donna M. Bayliss ◽

Christopher Jarrold ◽

Steven Roodenrys

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Span ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN HIGIENE SANITASI DENGAN KANDUNGAN ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA ES BATU INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA DI TEPI JALAN WAHID HASYIM 2 KECAMATAN SEMPAJA KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2015

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v2i1.301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Suwignyo Suwignyo ◽

Abdul Rachim ◽

Arizal Sapitri

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Raw Material ◽

Almost Everywhere ◽

Ice Cube ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Ice is a water that cooled below 0 °C and used for complement in drink. Ice can be found almost everywhere, including in the Wahid Hasyim Sempaja Roadside. From the preliminary test, obtained 5 samples ice cube were contaminated by Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between hygiene and sanitation with presence of Eschericia coli in ice cube of home industry at Wahid Hasyim Roadside Samarinda. This research used quantitative with survey methode. The population in this study was all of the seller in 2nd Wahid Hasyim Roadside. Sample was taken by Krejcie and Morgan so the there were 44 samples and used Cluster Random Sampling. The instruments are questionnaries, observation and laboratory test. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate (using Fisher test p= 0.05). The conclusion of this study there are a relation between chosing raw material (p=0,03) and saving raw material (p=0,03) with presence of Eschericia coli. There was no relation between processing raw material into ice cube with presence of Eschericia coli (p=0,15).Advice that can be given to ice cube should maintain hygiene and sanitation of the selection, processing and storage of ice cube.

Download Full-text

Prospects for the development of agrarian production systems in in the Right Bank Polesie of Ukraine

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.95.69-72 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (95) ◽

pp. 69-72

Author(s):

Yu.A. Tarariko ◽

L.V. Datsko ◽

M.O. Datsko

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Capital Investments ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

The Right ◽

And Storage ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

The aim of the work is to assess the existing and prospective models for the development of agricultural production in Central Polesie on the basis of economic feasibility and ecological balance. The evaluation of promising agricultural production systems was carried out with the help of simulation modeling of various infrastructure options at the levels of crop and multisectoral specialization of agroecosystems. The agro-resource potential of Central Polesie is better implemented in the rotation with lupine, corn and flax dolguntsem with well-developed infrastructure, including crop, livestock units, grain processing and storage systems, feed, finished products and waste processing in the bioenergetic station. The expected income for the formation of such an infrastructure is almost 8 thousand dollars. / with a payback period of capital investments of 2-3 years.

Download Full-text

Fish, Fires, and Foresight: Middle Woodland Economic Adaptations in the Abbott Farm National Landmark

North American Archaeologist ◽

10.2190/qweb-rq9v-dq1g-y37k ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 111-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John A. Cavallo

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Raw Material ◽

Anadromous Fish ◽

Middle Woodland ◽

Cultural Resource ◽

Economic Adaptation ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Regional Redistribution

The “Abbott Farm site,” now known as the Abbott Farm National Landmark, is known for its unique and abundant artifact assemblages from presumed Middle Woodland contexts. Several researchers attributed the presence of large quantities of argillite raw material, argillite and chert blades and blade caches, cut and uncut mica, and aberrant zone-decorated ceramics to either Hopewellian manifestations or to the Abbott Farm's role in the regional redistribution of argillite. On the basis of a cultural resource survey conducted by Louis Berger and Associates prior to the proposed construction of I-195 and I-295 and New Jersey Routes 29 and 129, a specialized economic adaptation focused upon the intensive procurement, processing, and storage of anadromous fish, especially sturgeon, is hypothesized.

Download Full-text