Diet and abundance of the barber goby Elacatinus figaro on Brazilian marginal reefs: ecological predictors and reliance on cleaning interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Mazzei ◽  
Thiago C. Mendes ◽  
Cesar A. M. M. Cordeiro ◽  
Jose L. Luque ◽  
Marta C. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Marginal Reefs

scholarly journals Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Bastida ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
Noah Fierer ◽  
David J. Eldridge ◽  
Matthew A. Bowker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Ecological Predictors

scholarly journals Coral Recruitment on Artificial Patch Reefs Deployed in The Marginal Reefs: Effect of Multilevel Substrate on Density of Coral Recruit

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Agus Sabdono ◽  
Eunike Dorothea Hutapea ◽  
Sugiyanto Sugiyanto ◽  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patch Reefs ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Marginal Reefs ◽  
Marginal Environment

A study of coral recruitment on Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) was performed in the marginal reef of Panjang Island, Central Java (Java Sea) to examine whether multilevel substrates of APR affect the density of coral recruits. Long-term and short-term observations were applied in yearly monitoring 2017-2019 and biweekly observations for 3 months in early 2019. Coral recruitment significantly varied among level substrates of APR (F(a,b) .05=3.08; p-value<0.05) and there was a significant difference at the beginning of the year (F(a,b) .05=5.52; p-value<0.05). The density of recruits on the substrates after 4 years post-deployment of APRs was 0.2 to 129.2 m-2 while the recruitment rate within short-term observations was 0.28-1.28 m-2 per month. The highest coral recruitment occurred at the middle to the top level of APR, while the lowest recruitment was found in the lowest level of APR. This is possibly due to high resuspension from the seabed. Oulastrea was dominant in both long- and short-term recruitment periods while Pocillopora was rare due to post-settlement mortality which trigger the overgrown coral-killing sponges. The results indicated that the adaptation of coral recruitment in the marginal environment is determined by the high recruitment of the small-colony coral species which possessed stress-tolerant for turbidity disturbance, such as Oulastrea crispata. This study suggested that the multilevel substrates, Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) are one of the reef rehabilitation methods which can be applied in the marginal environment enhancing coral recruitment.

scholarly journals Capacity of countries to reduce biological invasions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Latombe ◽  
Hanno Seebens ◽  
Bernd Lenzner ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Stefan Dullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Education Innovation ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe extent and impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity are largely shaped by an array of socio-ecological predictors, which exhibit high variation among countries. Yet a global synthetic perspective of how these factors vary across countries is currently lacking. Here, we investigate how a set of five socio-ecological predictors (Governance, Trade, Environmental Performance, Lifestyle and Education, Innovation) explain i) country-level established alien species (EAS) richness of eight taxonomic groups, and ii) country capacity to prevent and manage biological invasions and their impacts. Trade and Governance together best predicted the average EAS richness, increasing variance explained by up to 54% compared to models based on climatic and spatial variables only. Country-level EAS richness increased strongly with Trade, whereas high level of Governance resulted in lower EAS richness. Historical (1996) levels of Governance and Trade better explained response variables than current (2015) levels. Thus, our results reveal a historical legacy of these two predictors with profound implications for the future of biological invasions. We therefore used Governance and Trade to define a two-dimensional socio-economic space in which the position of a country captures its capacity to address issues of biological invasions. Our results provide novel insights into the complex relationship between socio-ecological predictors and biological invasions. Further, we highlight the need for designing better policies and management measures for alien species, and for integrating biological invasions in global environmental scenarios.

Situational and Ecological Predictors of Conducted Energy Weapon Application Severity

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210019
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Sytsma ◽  
Erick Laming ◽  
Ethan Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Despite being touted as a “less lethal” use-of-force option, conducted energy weapons (CEWs) do pose some risk of injury to civilians, and thus warrant empirical examination. CEWs provide users with multiple use modes constituting various levels of severity; yet apart from the work of Somers and colleagues, almost no research exists investigating these levels of severity. Further, research findings on the impact of suspect resistance on CEW deployment are somewhat mixed. We contribute an innovative application of environmental criminology in a Canadian setting by exploring situational and ecological predictors of CEW application severity, with special attention being paid to reasons cited for CEW use and the impact of subject resistance level. Using all 393 Ontario Provincial Police CEW-related use-of-force reports over a two-year period, we find probe deployment to be the most common level of CEW application severity, irrespective of subject resistance level, and even when officers and subjects are in close proximity to one another. Application of CEW for the purpose of effecting an arrest is consistently the strongest predictor of CEW application severity without any mediating effect of subject resistance level or presence of a weapon. The impact of applying CEWs for the purpose of effecting arrests on CEW application severity is partially mediated by lighting visibility. Results are discussed.

scholarly journals Mapping species richness using opportunistic samples: a case study on ground-floor bryophyte species richness in the Belgian province of Limburg

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Neyens ◽  
Peter J. Diggle ◽  
Christel Faes ◽  
Natalie Beenaerts ◽  
Tom Artois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Geostatistical Models

AbstractIn species richness studies, citizen-science surveys where participants make individual decisions regarding sampling strategies provide a cost-effective approach to collect a large amount of data. However, it is unclear to what extent the bias inherent to opportunistically collected samples may invalidate our inferences. Here, we compare spatial predictions of forest ground-floor bryophyte species richness in Limburg (Belgium), based on crowd- and expert-sourced data, where the latter are collected by adhering to a rigorous geographical randomisation and data collection protocol. We develop a log-Gaussian Cox process model to analyse the opportunistic sampling process of the crowd-sourced data and assess its sampling bias. We then fit two geostatistical Poisson models to both data-sets and compare the parameter estimates and species richness predictions. We find that the citizens had a higher propensity for locations that were close to their homes and environmentally more valuable. The estimated effects of ecological predictors and spatial species richness predictions differ strongly between the two geostatistical models. Unknown inconsistencies in the sampling process, such as unreported observer’s effort, and the lack of a hypothesis-driven study protocol can lead to the occurrence of multiple sources of sampling bias, making it difficult, if not impossible, to provide reliable inferences.

scholarly journals Socio-Ecological Predictors of Frequent Bike Share Trips: Do Purposes Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7640
Author(s):  
Li-Ting Chen ◽  
Ya-Wen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Health Educators ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bike Share

Using bike share could increase physical activity and improve health. This study used the social-ecological model to identify predictors of frequent bike share trips for different purposes. Participants residing in the U.S. were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Self-report trip purposes were used to group participants into using bike share for commuting only (n = 260), social/entertainment only (n = 313), exercise only (n = 358), dual or triple-purpose (n = 501), and purposes other than commuting, social/entertainment, and exercise (n = 279). Results showed that at the intrapersonal level, perceived use of bike share to be helpful for increasing physical activity was a significant predictor for all groups, except for the other purpose group. Adjusting outdoor activity based on air quality was a significant predictor for the dual or triple-purpose group. At the interpersonal level, having four or more friends/family using bike share was a significant predictor for the other purpose group. At the community level, distance to the nearest bike share within acceptable range was a significant predictor for social/entertainment and dual or triple-purpose groups. The findings suggest that it is important to consider factors at multiple levels for predicting bike share usage. Moreover, health educators and policy makers should adopt different strategies for promoting bike share usage based on trip purposes.

Socio-Ecological Predictors of Resilience Development Over Time Among Youth With a History of Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952098115
Author(s):  
Susan Yoon ◽  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack ◽  
Jerica Knox ◽  
Alexa Ploss
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Behavioral Services ◽  
Over Time

While there is a growing body of research examining resilient development in adolescents with a history of maltreatment, it remains unclear whether youth resilient functioning changes over time and what factors predict such change. The current study aimed to identify the socio-ecological predictors of the change in resilient functioning over time among adolescents with a history of maltreatment. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with a sample of 771 adolescents drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Over 18 months, 23.2% of the adolescents remained in the less resilience group, 45.4% stayed in the greater resilience group, 17.4% moved from the greater resilience group to the less resilience group, and 14.0% moved from the less resilience group to the greater resilience group. Younger age, better parent-child relationship quality, and neighborhood safety were associated with stable and continued resilient functioning over time. Conversely, child physical abuse, affiliation with deviant peers, and receipt of behavioral services were negatively associated with continued resilience. Our findings suggest that interventions that support adolescents in building positive relationships with their parents and peers may prevent a loss of resilience over time and ensure continued resilient functioning in child welfare-involved adolescents.

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