The variation of soil temperature and water content of seasonal frozen soil with different vegetation coverage in the headwater region of the Yellow River, China

Canal bridge and aqueduct main foundation types include well column, pier, bored piles, bent pile etc. Most of these foundations are in low-lying conduit. The water content of foundation soil is very rich. Especially pile foundation in the drain, due to the high underground water level, pile foundation around soil is in a state full of water. So such type of foundation freeze injury phenomenons are very serious. In order to solve such freeze injury problems, some antifreezing measures are adopted.

Download Full-text

The effects of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on runoff in the Yellow River basin, China

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.2478/johh-2020-0042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 29-40

Author(s):

CaiHong Hu ◽

Guang Ran ◽

Gang Li ◽

Yun Yu ◽

Qiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

River Basin ◽

Yellow River ◽

Yellow River Basin ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Water Yield ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

The Yellow River Basin ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe changes of runoff in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin of China have received considerable attention owing to their sharply decline during recent decades. In this paper, the impacts of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on water yields in the Jingle sub-basin of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin were investigated using a combination of statistical analysis and hydrological simulations. The Levenberg Marquardt and Analysis of Variance methods were used to construct multivariate, nonlinear, model equations between runoff coefficient and rainfall intensity and vegetation coverage. The land use changes from 1971 to 2017 were ascertained using transition matrix analysis. The impact of land use on water yields was estimated using the M-EIES hydrological model. The results show that the runoff during flood season (July to September) decreased significantly after 2000, whereas slightly decreasing trend was detected for precipitation. Furthermore, there were increase in short, intense, rainfall events after 2000 and this rainfall events were more conducive to flood generation. The “Grain for Green” project was carried out in 1999, and the land use in the middle reaches of the Yellow River improved significantly, which make the vegetation coverage (Vc) of the Jingle sub-basin increased by 13%. When Vc approaches 48%, the runoff coefficient decreased to the lowest, and the vegetation conditions have the greatest effect on reducing runoff. Both land use and climate can change the water yield in the basin, but for areas where land use has significantly improved, the impact of land use change on water yield plays a dominant role. The results acquired in this study provide a useful reference for water resources planning and soil and water conservation in the erodible areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin.

Download Full-text

Soil conservation on the Loess Plateau and the regional effect: impact of the ‘Grain for Green' Project

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s1755691018000634 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 (3-4) ◽

pp. 461-471

Author(s):

Xiaofeng WANG ◽

Feiyan XIAO ◽

Xiaoming FENG ◽

Bojie FU ◽

Zixiang ZHOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Land Cover ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Yellow River ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

The Yellow River ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Regional Effect ◽

Grain For Green

ABSTRACTSoil conservation on the Loess Plateau is important not only for local residents but also for reducing sediment downstream in the Yellow River. In this paper, we report a decrease in soil erosion from 2000 to 2010 as a result of the ‘Grain for Green' (GFG) Project. By using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and data on land cover, climate and sediment yield, we found that soil erosion decreased from 6579.55tkm–2yr–1 in 2000 to 1986.66tkm–2yr–1 in 2010. During this period, there was a major land cover change from farmland to grassland in response to the GFG. The area of low vegetation coverage with severe erosion decreased dramatically, whereas the area of high vegetation coverage with slight erosion increased. Our study demonstrates that the reduction in soil erosion on the Loess Plateau contributed to the decrease in the sediment concentration in the Yellow River.

Download Full-text

Research on Frost Heaving of Subgrade Filling in Seasonal Frozen Soil Area

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.783 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1065-1069 ◽

pp. 783-787

Author(s):

Jin Fang Hou ◽

Rui Qi Zhang ◽

Jian Yu

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

High Speed ◽

Freezing Temperature ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Frost Heaving ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Seasonal Frozen Soil ◽

Soil Area

Research on frost heaving of high speed railway subgrade filling in seasonal frozen soil area is developed indoor. Through freezing and thawing strength and frost heaving amount test, the research analyzes factors affecting frost heaving of subgrade filling, points out that water content, fine stuff admixing amount and plasticity of fine-grained soil have relatively large influence on frost heaving, while freezing temperature and freezing and thawing cycle index have relatively small influence. Water content is main factor to have effect on frost heaving of subgrade filling. When the water content reaches to some certain value, even coarse-grained soil can produce considerable frost heaving amount. Therefore, taking effective waterproof and drainage measures is of great importance in subgrade frost heaving prevention and treatment.

Download Full-text

Study on the Clay Mechanical Characteristics of “Ripping Up the Bottom” in the Yellow River

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.108 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212-213 ◽

pp. 108-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Sheng Dong ◽

Xiu Fang Jiang ◽

Xian Feng He ◽

Ying Ying Zai

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Water Content ◽

Critical Condition ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Yellow River ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Dry Density ◽

The Relationship

Aim to the high sandy river “ripping up the riverbed” phenomenon, by experiment, analyzing the relationship between clay dry density, water content, plasticity index and its shear strength, and its mechanical properties. Create the conditions for studying clay mechanical strength and the critical condition of “bottom tearing scour”.

Download Full-text

Response of hydrological processes to permafrost degradation from 1980 to 2009 in the Upper Yellow River Basin, China

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2016.096 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1014-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Li Niu ◽

Baisheng Ye ◽

Yongjian Ding ◽

Jing Li ◽

Yinsheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

River Basin ◽

Yellow River ◽

Yellow River Basin ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

Permafrost Degradation ◽

Runoff Generation ◽

Seasonal Frozen Soil ◽

Daily Discharge ◽

Upper Yellow River

Watersheds in cold regions are undergoing climate warming and permafrost degradation, which result in quantitative shifts in surface water–groundwater interaction. Daily discharge, annual maximum frozen depth (AMFD) of seasonal frozen soil, precipitation and negative degree-day temperature were analyzed to explore changes and correlations of climate, runoff and permafrost in the Upper Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2009. Plausible permafrost degradation trends were found at two of the stations, but an unsubstantiated trend was found at Huangheyan Station. The winter recession processes slowed down gradually from 1980 to 2009 at three stations but had little relation to AMFD. Meanwhile, the ratio of monthly maximum to minimum discharge reduced significantly. It is clear that permafrost degradation and runoff variations have already occurred in the basin, particularly in zones where the permafrost coverage is above 40%. It is proposed that the variations in the hydrological regimes were caused by permafrost degradation which enlarged infiltration and sub-surface water contribution to winter discharge. The differences of changes in runoff generation and confluence in various regions were thought to be affected by different permafrost coverage and changes because the exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost.

Download Full-text

Analyzing Changes in Frozen Soil in the Source Region of the Yellow River Using the MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Huiyu Cao ◽

Bing Gao ◽

Tingting Gong ◽

Bo Wang

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Yellow River ◽

Source Region ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Frozen Ground ◽

Modis Land Surface Temperature ◽

Maximum Thickness

The degradation of the frozen soil in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) caused by climate warming has attracted extensive worldwide attention due to its significant effects on the ecosystem and hydrological processes. In this study, we propose an effective approach to estimate the spatial distribution and changes in the frozen soil using the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature products as inputs. A comparison with in-situ observations suggests that this method can accurately estimate the mean daily land surface temperature, the spatial distribution of the permafrost, and the maximum thickness of the seasonally-frozen ground in the source region of the Yellow River, located in the northeastern area of the QTP. The results of The Temperature at the Top of the Permafrost model indicates that the area of permafrost in the source region of the Yellow River decreased by 4.82% in the period from 2003 to 2019, with an increase in the areal mean air temperature of 0.35 °C/10 years. A high spatial heterogeneity in the frozen soil changes was revealed. The basin-averaged active layer thickness of the permafrost increased at a rate of 5.46 cm/10 years, and the basin-averaged maximum thickness of the seasonally-frozen ground decreased at a rate of 3.66 cm/10 years. The uncertainties in calculating the mean daily land surface temperature and the soil’s thermal conductivity were likely to influence the accuracy of the estimation of the spatial distribution of the permafrost and the maximum thickness of the seasonally-frozen ground, which highlight the importance of the better integration of field observations and multi-source remote sensing data in order to improve the modelling of frozen soil in the future. Overall, the approach proposed in this study may contribute to the improvement of the application of the MODIS land surface temperature data in the study of frozen soil changes in large catchments with limited in-situ observations in the QTP.

Download Full-text