Odour-based species recognition in two sympatric species of sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx bilineata, S. leptura): combining chemical analyses, behavioural observations and odour preference tests

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Caspers ◽  
Frank C. Schroeder ◽  
Stephan Franke ◽  
W. Jürgen Streich ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata ◽  
Preference Tests

scholarly journals Sympatry drives colour and song evolution in wood-warblers (Parulidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1942) ◽  
pp. 20202804
Author(s):  
Richard K. Simpson ◽  
David R. Wilson ◽  
Allison F. Mistakidis ◽  
Daniel J. Mennill ◽  
Stéphanie M. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Wood Warblers ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Song Divergence ◽  
Signal Diversity ◽  
Signal Divergence

Closely related species often exhibit similarities in appearance and behaviour, yet when related species exist in sympatry, signals may diverge to enhance species recognition. Prior comparative studies provided mixed support for this hypothesis, but the relationship between sympatry and signal divergence is likely nonlinear. Constraints on signal diversity may limit signal divergence, especially when large numbers of species are sympatric. We tested the effect of sympatric overlap on plumage colour and song divergence in wood-warblers (Parulidae), a speciose group with diverse visual and vocal signals. We also tested how number of sympatric species influences signal divergence. Allopatric species pairs had overall greater plumage and song divergence compared to sympatric species pairs. However, among sympatric species pairs, plumage divergence positively related to the degree of sympatric overlap in males and females, while male song bandwidth and syllable rate divergence negatively related to sympatric overlap. In addition, as the number of species in sympatry increased, average signal divergence among sympatric species decreased, which is likely due to constraints on warbler perceptual space and signal diversity. Our findings reveal that sympatry influences signal evolution in warblers, though not always as predicted, and that number of sympatric species can limit sympatry's influence on signal evolution.

Using DNA barcodes to connect adults and early life stages of marine fishes from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: potential in fisheries management

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Valdez-Moreno ◽  
Lourdes Vásquez-Yeomans ◽  
Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez ◽  
Natalia V. Ivanova ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
New Information

Barcoding has proven a useful tool in the rapid identification of all life stages of fish species. Such information is of critical importance for fisheries management and conservation, especially in high-diversity regions, such as Mexico’s marine waters, where more than 2200 species occur. The present study reports the barcode analysis of 1392 specimens from the Yucatan Peninsula, corresponding to 610 adults and juveniles, 757 larvae and 25 eggs, representing 181 species (179 teleosts and 2 rays), 136 genera and 74 families. Barcoding results revealed major range extensions and overlooked taxa, including three sympatric species of Albula (one likely undescribed) and a new taxon of Floridichthys. In total, six species of eggs and 34 species of larvae were identified through their barcode match with adults. These cases enabled the first discrimination of the larvae of four species of Eucinostomus, and new information about spawning locality and time was obtained from egg records for the hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus, which is one of the most commercially important species in the Mexican Caribbean. Also, barcodes revealed mistakes in species recognition during a sport-fish contest. In the future, barcodes will help avoid similar errors and protect rare or endangered species, and will aid regulation of fisheries quotas.

scholarly journals Male-mediated species recognition among African weakly electric fishes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 170443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nagel ◽  
Frank Kirschbaum ◽  
Jacob Engelmann ◽  
Volker Hofmann ◽  
Felix Pawelzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Electric Organ Discharge ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Association Preference ◽  
Weakly Electric

Effective communication among sympatric species is often instrumental for behavioural isolation, where the failure to successfully discriminate between potential mates could lead to less fit hybrid offspring. Discrimination between con- and heterospecifics tends to occur more often in the sex that invests more in offspring production, i.e. females, but males may also mediate reproductive isolation. In this study, we show that among two Campylomormyrus African weakly electric fish species, males preferentially associate with conspecific females during choice tests using live fish as stimuli, i.e. when all sensory modalities potentially used for communication were present. We then conducted playback experiments to determine whether the species-specific electric organ discharge (EOD) used for electrocommunication serves as the cue for this conspecific association preference. Interestingly, only C. compressirostris males associated significantly more with the conspecific EOD waveform when playback stimuli were provided, while no such association preference was observed in C. tamandua males. Given our results, the EOD appears to serve, in part, as a male-mediated pre-zygotic isolation mechanism among sympatric species. However, the failure of C. tamandua males to discriminate between con- and heterospecific playback discharges suggests that multiple modalities may be necessary for species recognition in some African weakly electric fish species.

scholarly journals Acoustic divergence in advertisement calls among three sympatric Microhyla species from East China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
You-Fu Lin ◽  
Yun Tang ◽  
Guo-Hua Ding ◽  
Yan-Qing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
East China ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Advertisement Calls

Background Species-specific advertisement calls are the main mechanism of transmitting information between individuals in anuran amphibians and are therefore indispensable for anuran survival and reproduction. Survey methods that monitor these calls can be used for rapid species recognition, behavioral experiments, and conservation monitoring. In this study, we described in detail 10 call parameters from three sympatric species in the genus Microhyla and analyzed the differences in call parameter among these species to provide a basis for systematic monitoring, acoustic analysis and taxonomic study of this genus. Methods The quantitative analyses of temporal and spectral call parameters were used in our study for the advertisement calls of three sympatric Microhyla species (M. beilunensis, M. fissipes and M. heymonsi) in Zhejiang Province, East China. Results Our results showed the following: (1) Significant differences existed among the three sympatric Microhyla species in call duration (CD), call interval (CI), number of pulses (NP), pulse rate, call intensity (CIT), dominant frequency (DF) and frequency of the first to fourth formants (F1, F2, F3 and F4). (2) Some spectral parameters (DF, F1 and F3) were negatively correlated with the body size of the vocalizing individuals in each species. (3) The coefficients of variation within individuals (CVw) for CIT, DF and F1–F4 were smaller than 5%, whereas the CVW for CI was larger than 10% in each species. (4) The principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis showed that call parameters could distinguish the three Microhyla species. (5) The phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis showed that phylogenetic relationships affected CD and NP against snout-vent length (SVL), DF and NP against CD, and NP against DF, but not of DF against SVL; based on the phylogenetic analysis, CD and NP were not related to SVL, but DF was negatively related to SVL.

scholarly journals Patterns of divergence in the morphology of ceratopsian dinosaurs: sympatry is not a driver of ornament evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1875) ◽  
pp. 20180312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Knapp ◽  
Robert J. Knell ◽  
Andrew A. Farke ◽  
Mark A. Loewen ◽  
David W. E. Hone
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Ornament Evolution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Ceratopsian Dinosaurs

Establishing the origin and function of unusual traits in fossil taxa provides a crucial tool in understanding macroevolutionary patterns over long periods of time. Ceratopsian dinosaurs are known for their exaggerated and often elaborate horns and frills, which vary considerably between species. Many explanations have been proposed for the origin and evolution of these ‘ornamental’ traits, from predator defence to socio-sexual dominance signalling and, more recently, species recognition. A key prediction of the species recognition hypothesis is that two or more species possessing divergent ornamental traits should have been at least partially sympatric. For the first time to our knowledge, we test this hypothesis in ceratopsians by conducting a comparison of the morphological characters of 46 species. A total of 350 ceratopsian cladistic characters were categorized as either ‘internal’, ‘display’ (i.e. ornamental) or ‘non display’. Patterns of diversity of these characters were evaluated across 1035 unique species pairs. Display characters were found to diverge rapidly overall, but sympatric species were not found to differ significantly in their ornamental disparity from non-sympatric species, regardless of phylogenetic distance. The prediction of the species recognition hypothesis, and thus the idea that ornamentation evolved as a species recognition mechanism, has no statistical support among known ceratopsians.

scholarly journals High-speed duetting – latency times of the female acoustic response within the bush-cricket genera Leptophyes and Andreiniimon (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Gerhard Heller ◽  
Olga Korsunovskaya ◽  
Bruno Massa ◽  
Ionuț Ștefan Iorgu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Male Song ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bush Crickets

To find a mate, male and female bush-crickets of the family Phaneropteridae typically engage in duets. The male sings and the female responds. For mutual recognition, the amplitude pattern of the male song and the species-specific timing of the female response have been shown to be very important. In the seven studied species, belonging to the generaLeptophyesandAndreiniimon, these duets are extremely fast and nearly completely in the ultrasonic range. The females produce very short sounds by fast closing movements of the tegmina. They respond with species-specific delays of 20 to 150 ms after the beginning of the male song. The different latency times are probably not important for species recognition, since in sympatric species they are quite similar.

scholarly journals Evolution of communication signals and information during species radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Garcia ◽  
Frédéric Theunissen ◽  
Frédéric Sèbe ◽  
Julien Clavel ◽  
Andrea Ravignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Evolution Of Communication ◽  
Signal Diversity ◽  
Acoustic Space

Abstract Communicating species identity is a key component of many animal signals. However, whether selection for species recognition systematically increases signal diversity during clade radiation remains debated. Here we show that in woodpecker drumming, a rhythmic signal used during mating and territorial defense, the amount of species identity information encoded remained stable during woodpeckers’ radiation. Acoustic analyses and evolutionary reconstructions show interchange among six main drumming types despite strong phylogenetic contingencies, suggesting evolutionary tinkering of drumming structure within a constrained acoustic space. Playback experiments and quantification of species discriminability demonstrate sufficient signal differentiation to support species recognition in local communities. Finally, we only find character displacement in the rare cases where sympatric species are also closely related. Overall, our results illustrate how historical contingencies and ecological interactions can promote conservatism in signals during a clade radiation without impairing the effectiveness of information transfer relevant to inter-specific discrimination.

scholarly journals Morphology and secondary chemistry in species recognition of Parmelia omphalodes group – evidence from molecular data with notes on the ecological niche modelling and genetic variability of photobionts

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 39-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Ossowska ◽  
Beata Guzow-Krzemińska ◽  
Marta Kolanowska ◽  
Katarzyna Szczepańska ◽  
Martin Kukwa
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Lichen Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Characters

To evaluate the importance of morphological and chemical characters used in the recognition of species within the Parmelia omphalodes group, we performed phylogenetic, morphological and chemical analyses of 335 specimens, of which 34 were used for molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS rDNA sequences, show that P. pinnatifida is distinct from P. omphalodes and the most important difference between those species is the development of pseudocyphellae. In P. pinnatifida, they are mostly marginal and form white rims along lobes margins, but laminal pseudocyphellae can develop in older parts of thalli and are predominantly connected with marginal pseudocyphellae. In contrast, in P. omphalodes laminal pseudocyphellae are common and are predominantly not connected to marginal pseudocyphellae. Chemical composition of secondary lichen metabolites in both analysed species is identical and therefore this feature is not diagnostic in species recognition. Few samples of P. discordans, species morphologically similar to P. omphalodes and P. pinnatifida, were also included in the analyses and they are nested within the clade of P. omphalodes, despite the different chemistry (protocetraric acid present versus salazinic acid in P. omphalodes). All taxa of the P. omphalodes group occupy similar niches, but their potential distributions are wider than those currently known. The absence of specimens in some localities may be limited by the photobiont availability. Parmelia omphalodes and P. pinnatifida are moderately selective in photobiont choice as they form associations with at least two or three lineages of Trebouxia clade S. Parmelia pinnatifida, as well as P. discordans are associated with Trebouxia OTU S02 which seems to have a broad ecological amplitude. Other lineages of Trebouxia seem to be rarer, especially Trebouxia sp. OTU S04, which is sometimes present in P. pinnatifida. This study indicates the importance of extensive research including morphology, chemistry and analysis of molecular markers of both bionts in taxonomical studies of lichens.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

MÖSSBAUER AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SOME SEDIMENTS FROM THE ROMANIAN SHORE OF THE BLACK SEA

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-445-C2-448
Author(s):  
D. Barb ◽  
L. Diamandescu ◽  
M. Morariu ◽  
I. I. Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Chemical Analyses
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