scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs in relation to abdominal aorta: CT-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kot ◽  
Jarosław Polak ◽  
Tomasz Klepinowski ◽  
Maciej J. Frączek ◽  
Roger M. Krzyżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
Disc Level

Abstract Purpose Although lumbar discectomy is the most common procedure in spine surgery, reports about anatomical relations between discs and prevertebral vessels are limited. Aim of this research was to investigate morphometric of the lumbar region and the relations between intervertebral discs (IVDs) and abdominal aorta. Methods 557 abdominal computed tomography scans were assessed. For each spinal column level from Th12/L1 down to L4/L5, we investigated: intervertebral disc’s and vertebra’s height, width, length, and distance from aorta or common iliac artery (CIA). Those arteries were also measured in two dimensions and classified based on location. Results 54.58% of patients were male. There was a significant difference in arterial-disc distances (ADDs) between genders at the levels: L1/L2 (1.32 ± 1.97 vs. 0.96 ± 1.78 mm; p = 0.0194), L2/L3 (1.97 ± 2.16 vs. 1.15 ± 2.01 mm; p < 0.0001), L3/L4 (2.54 ± 2.78 vs. 1.71 ± 2.61 mm; p = 0.0012), also for both CIAs (left CIA 3.64 ± 3.63 vs. 2.6 ± 3.06 mm; p = 0.0004 and right CIA: 7.96 ± 5.06 vs. 5.8 ± 4.57 mm; p < 0.001)—those ADDs were higher in men at all levels. The length and width of IVD increased alongside with disc level with the maximum at L4/L5. Conclusion Bifurcations of the aorta in most cases occurred at the L4 level. Collected data suggest that at the highest lumbar levels, there is a greater possibility to cause injury of the aorta due to its close anatomical relationship with discs. Females have limited, in comparison to males, ADD at L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4 levels what should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning of surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans of cat invertebral disc

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Butler ◽  
C. M. Wels
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference

The glycosaminoglycan contents of samples from cat intervertebral discs were examined by using cetylpyridinium chloride salt elution techniques. The values obtained related to the region of the vertebral column from which they were derived, to the area of the disc, and to water content. In wet tissue there was a significant difference between regions of the vertebral column and between areas of the disc and findings agreed with previous histological reports. The greater part of the glycosaminoglycans present consisted of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate with smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid; little keratan sulphate was found. The maximum amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate occurred in the 0.5m-magnesium chloride fractions usually, but moved towards higher molar concentrations in samples derived from some sites, particularly in the lumbar region. Mean values for the water content of the areas of the disc were: nucleus pulposus, 82.4%; inner anulus, 65.6%; outer anulus, 50.5%. The water content was directly related to the amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate.

scholarly journals The Verification of Human Lumbar Vertebrae and Intervertebral Disc Finite Element Models under Mechanical Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohankumar Palaniswamy ◽  
Anis Suhaila Shuib ◽  
Khai Ching Ng ◽  
Shajan Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Validation Procedure

Bone, being nonhomogeneous in nature need a complicated and time-consuming process to undergo computed simulation like finite element analysis. To overcome this hurdle, assuming a nonhomogeneous model as homogeneous could be a solution. The objective of this study is to focus on developing a homogeneous human lumbar finite element models and verify them under mechanical force by measuring disc stress, disc strain, disc deformation, total strain, and total deformation. Experimental and geometrical analysis were performed before verifying the lumbar model. To verify the models’ reliability, nonhomogeneous lumbar models were also developed. Five different static structural simulations were performed on four lumbar segments, and twenty parameters were measured. Numerically, out of twenty, eighteen parameters showed very less or no significant difference between homogeneous and nonhomogeneous models of the intervertebral discs and lumbar vertebrae. At the same time, proper caution to be provided while examining the results. With this validation procedure, researchers can process artifact images to get more information which enables them to contribute to the patient’s well-being.

scholarly journals An Experimental Evidence on Eco-Friendly Advertisement Appeals and Intention to Use Bio-Nanomaterial Plastics: Institutional Collectivism and Performance Orientation as Moderators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Raza ◽  
Umer Zaman ◽  
Moneeba Iftikhar ◽  
Owais Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Advertising Appeals ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Significant Difference

Plastic waste management has become a serious environmental and health concern owing to large amounts of plastic deposits globally. Recently, innovative and sustainable solutions have been introduced (e.g., bio-nanomaterial plastics) to overcome the growing environmental threats. Hence, green marketers need to develop effective advertising campaigns to enhance the usage of bio-nanomaterial plastics. Past literature has suggested that cultural value-laden advertising appeals can give sustainable behavioral cues to consumers. Hence, this research unfolds the underlying cultural dimensions between the value-laden eco-friendly advertising appeals and intention to use bio-nanomaterial plastics (henceforth IBP). The present study proposes a moderating model in which two dimensions presented in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (henceforth GLOBE) framework interact with the individuals’ perception of eco-friendly advertising appeals (henceforth IPEA) to drive bio-nanomaterial plastics usage. The model was tested by conducting an experimental study on a sample of 364 Pakistani consumers. Findings of structural equation modeling show a significant difference in the relationship between IPEA and IBP, which is moderated by the performance orientation (henceforth PO) and institutional collectivism (henceforth IC) dimensions with diverse intensity. These findings validate the effectiveness of PO and IC (as cultural dimensions) and eco-friendly advertisements that can potentially promote the consumption of bio-nanomaterials plastic.

Sensitivity of Intersegmental Angles of the Spinal Column to Errors Due to Marker Misplacement

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Rouhani ◽  
Sara Mahallati ◽  
Richard Preuss ◽  
Kei Masani ◽  
Milos R. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Anterior Direction

The ranges of angular motion measured using multisegmented spinal column models are typically small, meaning that minor experimental errors can potentially affect the reliability of these measures. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the 3D intersegmental angles, measured using a multisegmented spinal column model, to errors due to marker misplacement. Eleven healthy subjects performed trunk bending in five directions. Six cameras recorded the trajectory of 22 markers, representing seven spinal column segments. Misplacement error for each marker was modeled as a Gaussian function with a standard deviation of 6 mm, and constrained to a maximum value of 12 mm in each coordinate across the skin. The sensitivity of 3D intersegmental angles to these marker misplacement errors, added to the measured data, was evaluated. The errors in sagittal plane motions resulting from marker misplacement were small (RMS error less than 3.2 deg and relative error in the angular range less than 15%) during the five trunk bending direction. The errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions, induced by marker misplacement, however, were large (RMS error up to 10.2 deg and relative error in the range up to 58%), especially during trunk bending in anterior, anterior-left, and anterior-right directions, and were often comparable in size to the intersubject variability for those motions. The induced errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions tended to be the greatest at the intersegmental levels in the lower lumbar region. These observations questioned reliability of angle measures in the frontal and transverse planes particularly in the lower lumbar region during trunk bending in anterior direction, and thus did not recommend interpreting these measures for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

scholarly journals Digital Imaging as a Possible Approach in Evaluation of Islet Yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Girman ◽  
Jan Kříž ◽  
Jozef Friedmanský ◽  
FrantišEk Saudek
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
New Method ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Significant Difference

Digital image analysis (DIA) is a new method in assessment of islet amount, which is expected to provide reliable and consistent results. We compared this method with conventional counting of small numbers of rat islets. Islets were isolated from 8 pancreases and counted in 24 samples in duplicate, first routinely by sizing according to estimated diameters under a calibrated reticule and then by processing of islets pictures taken by camera. As presumed, no significant difference was found in absolute numbers of islets per sample between DIA and conventional assessment. Volumes of islets per sample measured by DIA were on average more than 10% higher than amounts evaluated conventionally, which was statistically significant. DIA has been shown to be an important method to remove operator bias and provide consistent results. Evaluation of only two dimensions of three-dimensional objects still represents a certain limitation of this technique. With lowering of computer prices the system could become easily available for islet laboratories.

scholarly journals Age Related Lumbar Trabecular Bone in a Thai Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpath Sattarath ◽  
Kittichai Wantanajittikul ◽  
Sukon Prasitwattanaseree ◽  
Jongkolnee Settakorn ◽  
Karnda Mekjaidee
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

Within spinal column, the lumbar vertebrae are the most durable and usually left behind in severely burnt body. European studies have reported that these vertebrae are useful for age estimation. However, it is widely acknowledged that different ancestry necessitates different methods and includes a range of variables, therefore a study specific to Thai population is needed for accuracy in the identification of Thai individuals. To investigate the correlation between lumbar vertebrae, and age of the individual, L1-L5 drilled out from 75 Thai cadavers. After undergoing histological processing each slide was photographed. The images were processed using an image processing technique to calculate the percentage of trabecular bone area over total area (%TBA/TA). Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, %TBA/TA of L1-L5 was calculated. The %TBA/TA of L1-L5 showed a negative correlation to age in both male and female groups. The %TBA/TA of L2 in the male group decreased most significantly with increase in age (r=-0.775) whereas in the female group, L3 showed the strongest negative correlation with age (r=-0.75. In the conclusion, it was found that trabecular bone of L2 showed the most significant correlation to increase in age in males whereas L3 showed the strongest correlation in females. Keywords: Age, Image segmentation, Lumbar, Thai population, Trabecular bone

scholarly journals [18F]FDG hypermetabolisms of the spleen and/or bone marrow: indirect signs of bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zanca ◽  
F Bartoli ◽  
E Lazzeri ◽  
M Sollini ◽  
RHJA Slart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Blood Culture ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
18F Fdg

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aim Recently hypermetabolisms of the spleen and/or bone marrow has been proposed as an indirect sign of infective endocarditis (IE), useful to reinforce the suspicion of IE in the absence of any other infectious, inflammatory, or malignant disease. The purpose of this study is to determine whether hypermetabolisms of the spleen and/or bone marrow are indirect signs of bacteremia rather than of IE, specifically. Materials and Method In this work we retrospectively evaluated a series 240 patients who performed between January 2015 to December 2020 [18F]FDG PET/CT (Discovery 710 GE) for suspected infection. In particular, 80 pts had infections from different origin and a positive blood culture (PBC), 80 pts presented localized infection, but negative blood culture (IDBCN) and 80 pts were classified as definite IE (IED) according to the 2015 ESCcriteria. [18F]FDG SUVmax SUVmean in bone marrow, spleen and liver were measured drawind a 14 cm3 regions of interest (ROIs) positioned close to the centers of the spleen and of the right liver lobe, but excluding abscess and/or ischemic lesions., as previously described (Caroline Boursier et al. ; Jordy P.Pijl et al.). BM SUVmax and SUVmean was obtained from ROIs placed on the bodies of each of the five lumbar vertebrae, excluding any damaged vertebra. BM to liver SUV ratios (BLR) and spleen to liver SUV ratios (SLR) were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis tests and the Dunn’s test procedure for multiple comparison were performed using JMP Statistical Discoverytm. Results No significant difference among the three groups of SUVmax/mean or in SLR were found. Nevertheless, by grouping patients for the presence of positive blood culture (142 pts) or negative blood culture (98 pts), irrespectively from the final diagnosis a significant associations of SLR was found (p = 0.0070). No significant associations were found with BLR. Conclusions Based on our data SLR in seems to represent an indirect signs of bacteremia, rather than IE.

scholarly journals Experimental skin wound treatment with Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Kuntze (Leguminosae) extract and oil-resin in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. e166095
Author(s):  
Débora Perrone Kauer ◽  
Juliana de Moura Alonso ◽  
Lucas Fernando Sergio Gushiken ◽  
Marivane Lemos ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii

Copaifera langsdorffii is a Brazilian native plant that is used for wound healing or as an anti-inflammatory agent. Non-healing wounds are an important health problem, particularly in horses, because they can cause the animal invalidity or even lead to death. In addition, horses respond to skin wounds with chronic inflammatory response and intense wound granulation, thereby delaying the healing process. By this way, our aim was to evaluate the healing potential of Copaifera langsdorffii hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and oil-resin creams (OR) in horse skin wounds. Four wounds were performed bilaterally in the lumbar region of six horses with a 2 cm punch and treated daily with the respective treatments: saline solution, vehicle, 10% HE creams or 10% OR cream. Daily planimetry analyses were performed to measure the wound area and clinical parameters. In four different experimental periods (3, 7, 14 and 21 d), wound biopsies were removed and used for microscopic analyses. SS wounds presented a significant small area at day 3 and 7, OR wounds presented significant small area in comparison with HE at 14 d, and no significant difference was observed between treatments at 21 d. A better microscopic and clinical healing activity of HE and OR was identified in comparison with the controls. The OR group showed better healing quality, specifically after 7 d of treatment. Therefore, Copaifera langsdorffii formulations demonstrated their wound healing potential in horse skin lesions, exhibiting an improvement of the macro- and microscopic parameters.

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