scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans of cat invertebral disc

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Butler ◽  
C. M. Wels
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference

The glycosaminoglycan contents of samples from cat intervertebral discs were examined by using cetylpyridinium chloride salt elution techniques. The values obtained related to the region of the vertebral column from which they were derived, to the area of the disc, and to water content. In wet tissue there was a significant difference between regions of the vertebral column and between areas of the disc and findings agreed with previous histological reports. The greater part of the glycosaminoglycans present consisted of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate with smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid; little keratan sulphate was found. The maximum amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate occurred in the 0.5m-magnesium chloride fractions usually, but moved towards higher molar concentrations in samples derived from some sites, particularly in the lumbar region. Mean values for the water content of the areas of the disc were: nucleus pulposus, 82.4%; inner anulus, 65.6%; outer anulus, 50.5%. The water content was directly related to the amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate.

scholarly journals Attempted isolation of a heparin proteoglycan from bovine liver capsule

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Liver Capsule ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Degraded Material ◽  
Heparin Preparation

(1) Polysaccharides were isolated from bovine liver capsule by extraction with 2m-potassium chloride followed by precipitation from 0.8m-potassium chloride with cetylpyridinium chloride. Chondroitin sulphate was eliminated by digestion with hyaluronidase. The yield of heparin was approx. 40% of that obtained after extraction of the papain-digested tissue. (2) The macromolecular properties of the hyaluronidase-digested polysaccharide were studied by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of the intact, as well as of the alkali-degraded, material. The results suggested the presence of single heparin chains in addition to a dermatan sulphate proteoglycan. (3) A purified heparin preparation was analysed for amino acids and neutral sugars. Xylose, galactose and serine were found in amounts corresponding to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 residue/polysaccharide chain (mol.wt. 7400), respectively. It is suggested that the isolated material had been degraded by a polysaccharidase with endo-enzyme properties.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of individual parameters of the sum of the sizes intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in juvenile males and males of the first mature age in norm

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V.P. Danylevych ◽  
Yu.Y. Guminskyi ◽  
V.O. Tykholaz ◽  
Y.O. Bezsmertnyi ◽  
S.V. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In nowadays, an important area in medicine is the early preclinical identification of the parameters deviations from the norm, where mathematical modeling can help, which should be used to calculate individual linear parameters of internal structures based on external parameters of the body. The aim of the study was to calculate the individual total linear measures of the lumbar intervertebral discs in juniors and men of the first adulthood (17-28 years) in norm. The total size of the each intervertebral discs were calculated a sum of the anterior-posterior diameter, frontal diameter and vertical sizes of each lumbar intervertebral discs, which were measured by MRI. The next step was to calculate the relative proportional nonlinear somato-disc rates (based on body weight and body length) for each individual examined. Mathematical processing of the measured parameters and the relative values of the somato-disc relationships was carried out by the statistical data processing program “STATISTICA 6.1” using parametric methods. The correct distribution of the variational series indicators, mean values and their standard errors were evaluated. Based on relative values the mathematical model was created to obtain individual values of the TS of the lumbar intervertebral discs. Subsequently, we compared the measured total discs sizes of the anterior-posterior, frontal diameters and vertical sizes of the lumbar intervertebral discs with a mathematically calculated value for each lumbar intervertebral discs. The significant difference between the mathematically calculated and measured values of the total intervertebral discs’ sizes of the didn’t exceed 10%. Determination of the standard linear dimensions of the intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine using CT and MRI and comparison with theoretically calculated indices will make it possible to diagnose early manifestations of the lumbar intervertebral discs pathology.

Quantitative Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Image Sagittal T2 Mapping in Lumbar Spine Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855-2860
Author(s):  
Lianta Su ◽  
Jianlong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disc Classification ◽  
Value Changes

Objective: To evaluate the significance of T2 value changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to discuss feasibility and effectivity of intervertebral disc classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping (specifically based on sagittal multi-echo SE sequence T2 mapping). Methods : 35 healthy volunteers (including 20 males and 15 females, aged 20 to 48, average age is 36.8) were randomly selected and their intervertebral discs of L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1, with a sum-up of 90 discs, were scanned by sagittal MRI using routine FSE sequence as well as multi-echo SE sequence. T2 mapping was handled by image post-processing and each intervertebral disc was classified. T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were measured and statistical analysis were performed to study the relationship between T2 values and ages, disc grades or disc locations. Results: In classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping, the disc grade increased along with the decrease of disc location or the increase of age. T2 value of nucleus pulposus decreased along with the increase of age (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in T2 mean values of nucleus pulposus of different grades (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MRI sagittal T2 mapping provides us with a classification of intervertebral disc based on T2 values. Through evaluation of T2 mapping and measurement of T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, early stage degeneration of intervertebral disc can be monitored and the its relationship with relevant factors can be studied.

scholarly journals Evidence for the existence of a multichain proteoglycan of heparan sulphate

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jansson ◽  
U. Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

1. Glycosaminoglycans were extracted with 2m-potassium chloride from bovine aorta and purified by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride from 0.5m-potassium chloride. The yield amounted to 24% of the total glycosaminoglycan content of the tissue. 2. After removal of chondroitin sulphate by digestion with testicular hyaluronidase, the residual glycosaminoglycan material (11% of the extracted polysaccharide) was fractionated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Two peaks (I and II) were obtained, the more retarded of which (II) corresponded to single polysaccharide chains. 3. The macromolecular properties of fraction I were investigated by repeated gel chromatography, after treatment of the fraction with alkali or digestion with papain. In both cases the elution position of fraction I was shifted towards that of the single polysaccharide chains. 4. Analysis of fraction I showed approximately equal amounts of heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. It is concluded that these glycosaminoglycans both occur in the aortic wall as multichain proteoglycans.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF SERBIAN SUNFLOWER HONEYS BY THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Popov ◽  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Vladimir Polaček
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Five physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, total acidity (pH), ash mass fraction and concentration of free acids) were analyzed in 15 sunflower honeys collected from several localities in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. The mean values of analyzed honeys were: water content 16.87%; concentration of free acids 27.43 mEq/kg; electrical conductivity 0.34 mS/cm; pH 3.64. The selected physicochemical characteristics of all honey samples from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters expected for sunflower honey in general. The values for ash mass fraction, electrical conductivity and concentration of free acids in all sunflower honey samples showed similar trends. High correlation was established between electrical conductivity and ash mass fraction. Statistically significant difference at p≤0.05 (p=0.017) was established only for average values of free acids concentration between honey samples originating from the localities Kanjiža and Čelarevo. All of the analyzed honeys were found to meet national and European legislation for all investigated parameters. Therefore, further research on physicochemical properties of sunflower honey is required to confirm the quality and authenticity of this product and for better understanding the benefits of this honey.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs in relation to abdominal aorta: CT-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kot ◽  
Jarosław Polak ◽  
Tomasz Klepinowski ◽  
Maciej J. Frączek ◽  
Roger M. Krzyżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
Disc Level

Abstract Purpose Although lumbar discectomy is the most common procedure in spine surgery, reports about anatomical relations between discs and prevertebral vessels are limited. Aim of this research was to investigate morphometric of the lumbar region and the relations between intervertebral discs (IVDs) and abdominal aorta. Methods 557 abdominal computed tomography scans were assessed. For each spinal column level from Th12/L1 down to L4/L5, we investigated: intervertebral disc’s and vertebra’s height, width, length, and distance from aorta or common iliac artery (CIA). Those arteries were also measured in two dimensions and classified based on location. Results 54.58% of patients were male. There was a significant difference in arterial-disc distances (ADDs) between genders at the levels: L1/L2 (1.32 ± 1.97 vs. 0.96 ± 1.78 mm; p = 0.0194), L2/L3 (1.97 ± 2.16 vs. 1.15 ± 2.01 mm; p < 0.0001), L3/L4 (2.54 ± 2.78 vs. 1.71 ± 2.61 mm; p = 0.0012), also for both CIAs (left CIA 3.64 ± 3.63 vs. 2.6 ± 3.06 mm; p = 0.0004 and right CIA: 7.96 ± 5.06 vs. 5.8 ± 4.57 mm; p < 0.001)—those ADDs were higher in men at all levels. The length and width of IVD increased alongside with disc level with the maximum at L4/L5. Conclusion Bifurcations of the aorta in most cases occurred at the L4 level. Collected data suggest that at the highest lumbar levels, there is a greater possibility to cause injury of the aorta due to its close anatomical relationship with discs. Females have limited, in comparison to males, ADD at L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4 levels what should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning of surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Characterization of Serbian sunflower honeys by their physicochemical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Milica Živkov-Baloš ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Nenad Popov ◽  
Vladimir Polaček
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Five physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, total acidity (pH), ash mass fraction and concentration of free acids) were analyzed in 15 sunflower honeys collected from several localities in Vojvodina, Serbia. The mean values of analyzed honeys were: water content 16.87%; concentration of free acids 27.43 mEq/kg; electrical conductivity 0.34 mS/cm; pH 3.64 and ash mass fraction 0.13%. The selected physicochemical characteristics of all honey samples from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters expected for sunflower honey in general. The values for ash mass fraction, electrical conductivity and concentration of free acids in all sunflower honey samples showed similar trends. High correlation was established between electrical conductivity and ash mass fraction. Statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was established only for average values of free acids concentration between honey samples originating from the localities Kanjiža and Čelarevo. All of the analyzed honey samples were found to meet national and European legislation for investigated parameters

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

Effectiveness of Brushing Associated with Oral Irrigation in Maintenance of Peri-Implant Tissues and Overdentures: Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moreira Salles ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ◽  
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Implant-supported prostheses hygiene and peri-implant tissues health are considered to be predictive factors for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing associated with oral irrigation measured as biofilm-removing capacity, maintenance of healthy oral tissues, and patient satisfaction. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 38 patients who wore conventional maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the O-ring system. The patients were instructed to use the following hygiene methods for 14 days: mechanical brushing [MB (brush and dentifrice - Control)]; and MB with oral irrigation [WP (Waterpik - Experimental)]. Biofilm-removing capacity and maintenance of healthy oral tissues were evaluated by the Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Bleeding on Probing Index (BP) recorded at baseline and after each method. In parallel, patients answered a specific questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale after each hygiene method. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). The results showed significantly lower PI, GI, PD, and BP indices after application of the hygiene methods (P&lt;0.001) than those observed at baseline. However, no significant difference was found between MB and WP. The satisfaction questionnaire responses to both methods showed high mean values for all questions, with no statistically significant difference found between the answers given after the use of MB and WP (P&gt;0.05). The findings suggest that WP was effective in reducing PI, GI, PD, and BP indices and provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

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