Fungal Transcript Pattern During the Preinfection Stage (12 h) of Ectomycorrhiza Formed Between Pisolithus tinctorius and Castanea sativa Roots, Identified Using cDNA Microarrays

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartolomeu Acioli-Santos ◽  
Mónica Sebastiana ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Lisete Sousa ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
...  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Sebastiana ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
Bartolomeu Acioli ◽  
Lisete Sousa ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
...  

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Baptista ◽  
Anabela Martins ◽  
Maria Salomé Pais ◽  
Rui M. Tavares ◽  
Teresa Lino-Neto

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Acioli-Santos ◽  
E. Malosso ◽  
C. E. Calzavara-Silva ◽  
C. E. P. Lima ◽  
A. Figueiredo ◽  
...  

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Gamisans ◽  
Michel Grüber ◽  
Pierre Quézel

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Vera Pavese ◽  
Andrea Moglia ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Daniela Torello Marinoni ◽  
Emile Cavalet-Giorsa ◽  
...  

Castanea sativa is one of the main multipurpose tree species valued for its timber and nuts. This species is susceptible to two major diseases, ink disease and chestnut blight, caused by Phytophthora spp. and Cryphonectria parasitica, respectively. The loss-of-function mutations of genes required for the onset of pathogenesis, referred to as plant susceptibility (S) genes, are one mechanism of plant resistance against pathogens. On the basis of sequence homology, functional domain identification, and phylogenetic analyses, we report for the first time on the identification of S-genes (mlo1, dmr6, dnd1, and pmr4) in the Castanea genus. The expression dynamics of S-genes were assessed in C. sativa and C. crenata plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica. Our results highlighted the upregulation of pmr4 and dmr6 in response to pathogen infection. Pmr4 was strongly expressed at early infection phases of both pathogens in C. sativa, whereas in C. crenata, no significant upregulation was observed. The infection of P. cinnamomi led to a higher increase in the transcript level of dmr6 in C. sativa compared to C. crenata-infected samples. For a better understanding of plant responses, the transcript levels of defense genes gluB and chi3 were also analyzed.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maurizio D’Auria ◽  
Marisabel Mecca ◽  
Maria Roberta Bruno ◽  
Luigi Todaro

Improvements in the yield and solubility of chestnut wood extractives, by using different extraction methods and molybdenum catalysts as support, have rarely been reported in literature. Many studies focus on the different parts of trees, except for the chemical characteristics of the remaining extractives achieved from thermally modified (THM) chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) wood. This research seeks to better understand the effects of extraction techniques and catalysts on the yield and solubility of extractives. GC-MS analysis of the chloroform soluble and insoluble fractions was also used. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) 110 °C, Soxhlet, and autoclave extraction techniques were used to obtain extractives from untreated and thermally modified (THM) chestnut wood (170 °C for 3 h). Ethanol/H2O, ethanol/toluene, and water were the solvents used for each technique. A polyoxometalate compound (H3PMo12O40) and MoO3 supported on silica were used as catalysts. The THM induced a change in the wood’s surface color (ΔE = 21.5) and an increase in mass loss (5.9%), while the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was reduced by 17.4% compared to the control wood. The yields of the extractives and their solubility were always higher in THM and mainly used ASE as the technique. GC-MS analysis of the extractives, without catalyst support, showed different results for each extraction technique and type of wood (untreated and THM). Ultimately, the amount of extractive compound dissolved in each solvent will differ, and the choice of extraction technique will depend on the intended final application of the extracted chemical product.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Mariam Gaidamashvili ◽  
Eka Khurtsidze ◽  
Tamari Kutchava ◽  
Maurizio Lambardi ◽  
Carla Benelli

An optimized cryopreservation protocol for embryonic axes (EAs) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) has been developed based on the encapsulation–vitrification procedure. EAs of mature seeds were aseptically dissected and encapsulated in alginate beads with or without 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC). Embedded EAs were dehydrated with Plant Vitrification Solution 2 for different treatment times up to 120 min, followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved embryonic axes encapsulated with AC showed higher survival (70%) compared to those encapsulated without AC (50%). Sixty-four percent of embryonic axes, from synthetic seeds with AC, subsequently developed as whole plants. Plantlet regrowth was faster in AC-encapsulated EAs and showed enhanced postcryopreservation shoot and root regrowth over 2 cm after five weeks from rewarming. Results indicate that encapsulation–vitrification with activated charcoal added to the beads is an effective method for the long-term preservation of Castaneasativa embryonic axes.


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