Diving behaviour of chick-rearing Adélie Penguins at Edmonson Point, Ross Sea

Inter-individual differences in demographic traits of iteroparous species can arise through learning and maturation, as well as from permanent differences in individual ‘quality’ and sex-specific constraints. As the ability to acquire energy determines the resources an individual can allocate to reproduction and self-maintenance, foraging behavior is a key trait to study to better understand the mechanisms underlying these differences. So far, most seabird studies have focused on the effect of maturation and learning processes on foraging performance, while only a few have included measures of individual quality. Here, we investigated the effects of age, breeding experience, sex, and individual breeding quality on the foraging behavior and location of 83 known-age Adélie penguins at Cape Bird, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Over a 2 yr period, we showed that (1) high-quality birds dived deeper than lower quality ones, apparently catching a higher number of prey per dive and targeting different foraging locations; (2) females performed longer foraging trips and a higher number of dives compared to males; (3) there were no significant age-related differences in foraging behavior; and (4) breeding experience had a weak influence on foraging behavior. We suggest that high-quality individuals have higher physiological ability, enabling them to dive deeper and forage more effectively. Further inquiry should focus on determining the physiological differences among penguins of different quality.

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A 45,000 yr record of Adélie penguins and climate change in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Geology ◽

10.1130/g23011a.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Steven D. Emslie ◽

Larry Coats ◽

Kathy Licht

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ross Sea ◽

Adélie Penguins

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Does Corticosterone Affect Diving Behaviour of Male Adélie Penguins? A Preliminary Experimental Study

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE ◽

10.2326/osj.10.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manuelle Cottin ◽

Akiko Kato ◽

Anne-Mathilde Thierry ◽

Yvon Le Maho ◽

Thierry Raclot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Diving Behaviour ◽

Adélie Penguins

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the tissues of South Polar Skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) and Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliea) from Ross Sea, Antarctica

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00080-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 295-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

G.S. Court ◽

L.S. Davis ◽

S. Focardi ◽

R. Bargargli ◽

C. Fossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ross Sea ◽

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽

Catharacta Maccormicki ◽

South Polar ◽

Adélie Penguins

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Effects of Flipper Bands on Foraging Behavior and Survival of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis Adeliae)

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/123.3.858 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 858-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katie M. Dugger ◽

Grant Ballard ◽

David G. Ainley ◽

Kerry J. Barton

Keyword(s):

Foraging Behavior ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Ross Sea ◽

High Survival ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Breeding Seasons ◽

Adélie Penguins

Abstract Since the 1950s, flipper bands have been used widely to mark penguins (Spheniscidae), but not without concerns regarding possible negative effects on survival and fitness. As part of a demographic study of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, we investigated effects of flipper bands on foraging-trip duration and food loads, as well as apparent survival, during four breeding seasons (2000-2003), using mark-recapture and radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Foraging-trip durations were ∼8% (3.5 h) longer, on average, for banded compared with unbanded birds, but the effect varied among years. Food loads did not differ between banded and unbanded birds, but males carried heavier food loads than females. Flipper bands decreased apparent annual survival by 11–13% during 2000-2003, but over a longer time period (1996-2003) we observed high annual variability, including years of high survival for banded birds. Males had slightly higher survival than females in both banded and unbanded birds. Mechanisms resulting in band effects on foraging behavior and survival, the variable effect of bands by season, and the potential ameliorating effect of age or experience on the effects of bands need further investigation in Adélie and other penguin species. We recognize a need to understand and balance the negative consequences of flipper bands for penguins against the beneficial gains in information associated with their use. Effets du Baguage à l'Aileron sur le Comportement de Recherche Alimentaire et la Survie de Pygoscelis adeliae

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Status and trends of Adélie penguin populations in the Ross Sea region

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400011803 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 26 (159) ◽

pp. 293-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

R. H. Taylor ◽

P. R. Wilson ◽

B. W. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Climatic Change ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Ross Sea ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

World Population ◽

Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽

The World ◽

Status And Trends ◽

Aerial Reconnaissance ◽

Adélie Penguins

AbstractAerial reconnaissance and photography were used in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica to determine the breeding locations of Adelie penguinsPygoscelis adeliae, and to count the numbers of nests occupied during the early incubation period. From 1981 to 1987, all islands and sea coasts between 158°E and 175°E were searched, and 11 previously unreported breeding rookeries were discovered. Thirty-eight Adé1ie rookeries are now known from the region, with a total of about 1,082,000 breeding pairs — almost half the world population. Some rookeries were photographed in all, or most, of the seven seasons to study the pattern of natural fluctuations in Adelie populations, and comparisons have been made with earlier counts. Populations at nearly all rookeries have increased in size over the last 10–20 years. Possible reasons for this, and for annual fluctuations in numbers breeding, include seasonal variations in. sea ice and weather conditions, and longer-term climatic change.

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Air census of two colonies of Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)in Ross Dependency, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400064494 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 14 (91) ◽

pp. 471-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bernard Stonehouse

Keyword(s):

Ross Sea ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽

Breeding Colony ◽

Black And White ◽

Biological Survey ◽

Victoria Land ◽

Using Data ◽

Adélie Penguins

Air photographs taken on biological survey flights between 1962 and 1965 have yielded counts of Adelie Penguin breeding colonies at Beaufort Island in the southwestern Ross Sea and Inexpressible Island on the Victoria Land coast (Fig 1). These colonies are remote from expedition bases, seldom visited, and too large for accurate assessment from the ground. Earlier estimates of their size are summarised by Taylor (1964). Methods of estimating colony size are discussed by Caughley (1960) and Taylor (1962). This survey is based on serial black and white photographs taken at optimal times of the breeding cycle; counts are converted to estimates of breeding population size using data from a ground study at the Cape Royds (Fig 1) breeding colony and from known patterns of breeding at other colonies (Sladen, 1958; SapinJaloustre, 1960; Taylor. 1962; Stonehouse. 1963; Reid. 1964).

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Characterization of a New Mixture of Mono-Rhamnolipids Produced by Pseudomonas gessardii Isolated from Edmonson Point (Antarctica)

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18050269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carmine Buonocore ◽

Pietro Tedesco ◽

Giovanni Andrea Vitale ◽

Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽

Rosa Giugliano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Ross Sea ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

First Time ◽

Edmonson Point

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are surface-active molecules mainly produced by Pseudomonas spp. Antarctica is one of the less explored places on Earth and bioprospecting for novel RL producer strains represents a promising strategy for the discovery of novel structures. In the present study, 34 cultivable bacteria isolated from Edmonson Point Lake, Ross Sea, Antarctica were subjected to preliminary screening for the biosurfactant activity. The positive strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the produced RLs were characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), resulting in a new mixture of 17 different RL congeners, with six previously undescribed RLs. We explored the influence of the carbon source on the RL composition using 12 different raw materials, such as monosaccharides, polysaccharides and petroleum industry derivatives, reporting for the first time the production of RLs using, as sole carbon source, anthracene and benzene. Moreover, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of the RL mixture, towards a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, reporting very interesting results towards Listeria monocytogenes with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.13 µg/mL. Finally, we report for the first time the antimicrobial activity of RLs towards three strains of the emerging multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with MIC values of 12.5 µg/mL.

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Ancient Adélie penguin colony revealed by snowmelt at Cape Irizar, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Geology ◽

10.1130/g48230.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven D. Emslie

Keyword(s):

Ross Sea ◽

Bone Collagen ◽

Adélie Penguin ◽

Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽

Adelie Penguin ◽

Terra Nova Bay ◽

Penguin Colony ◽

Marine Productivity ◽

First Time ◽

Adélie Penguins

The Ross Sea (Antarctica) is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and supports nearly one million breeding pairs of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) annually. There also is a well-preserved record of abandoned penguin colonies that date from before the Last Glacial Maximum (>45,000 14C yr B.P.) through the Holocene. Cape Irizar is a rocky cape located just south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the Scott Coast. In January 2016, several abandoned Adélie penguin sites and abundant surface remains of penguin bones, feathers, and carcasses that appeared to be fresh were being exposed by melting snow and were sampled for radiocarbon analysis. The results indicate the “fresh” remains are actually ancient and that three periods of occupation by Adélie penguins are represented beginning ca. 5000 calibrated calendar (cal.) yr B.P., with the last occupation ending by ca. 800 cal. yr B.P. The presence of fresh-appearing remains on the surface that are actually ancient in age suggests that only recently has snowmelt exposed previously frozen carcasses and other remains for the first time in ~800 yr, allowing them to decay and appear fresh. Recent warming trends and historical satellite imagery (Landsat) showing decreasing snow cover on the cape since 2013 support this hypothesis. Increased δ13C values of penguin bone collagen further indicate a period of enhanced marine productivity during the penguin “optimum”, a warm period at 4000–2000 cal. yr B.P., perhaps related to an expansion of the Terra Nova Bay polynya with calving events of the Drygalski Ice Tongue.

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