Egg retention of high-latitude sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Pilgrim River, Alaska, during the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Carey ◽  
Vanessa R. von Biela ◽  
Ashley Dunker ◽  
Kevin D. Keith ◽  
Merlyn Schelske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
The Pacific

Fecundity and Egg Retention of Some Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Stocks in British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Manzer ◽  
I. Miki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Inadequate Sample Size ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Fecundity

The fecundity and egg retention of anadromous female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) collected during 1971–82 from several stocks in British Columbia undergoing controlled fertilization to enhance adult sockeye production were examined. The relationship between egg number and postorbital–hypural length based on 863 females representing 14 stocks was not consistent between all age-types, stocks, and years, probably because of inadequate sample size in some instances. Combined samples, however, revealed a significant positive relationship between postorbital–hypural length and egg number for age 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2 females. Mean absolute fecundity for the respective age-types was 3218, 4125, and 3544 eggs. For samples of 10 or more females, significant stock and annual differences were detected when individual mean absolute fecundity was adjusted to a postorbital–hypural length of 447 mm, but not for females of different age. A comparison of mean fecundities for coastal stocks with historical data for interior British Columbia stocks suggests that coastal stocks are 18% more fecund than interior stocks. Possible causal mechanisms for this regional difference are hypothesized. Examination of 796 carcasses (representing five stocks) for egg retention revealed a range from totally spawned to totally unspawned females, with 56% of the carcasses containing 20 eggs or less and 68% containing 50 eggs or less. The mean egg retention based on all samples combined was estimated to be 6.5% of the mean individual fecundity. This value was reduced to 3.9% when stock means were averaged.

Establishment of Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) Salmon Runs at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Enhancement Technique ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Salmon Fisheries ◽  
History Of

Runs of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were established at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska by adult spawner transplants, fry plants, and eyed-egg plants. Falls in the lake outlet formed a barrier to natural ascent of anadromous fish until construction of a fishpass in 1962. Accounts of successful introduction and development of viable and self-sustaining runs of salmon where none previously existed and the lake was inaccessible are scarce in the history of salmon fisheries on the Pacific Coast. The first sockeye returning to Frazer Lake in 1956 were produced from egg plants in 1951. Annual sockeye returns have progressively increased over a 28-yr period reaching record passage of 141 981 in 1978. Sockeye spawning has extended into new areas as returns increased. Spawning area capacity is projected to be sufficient for 365 000 sockeye while rearing area is estimated to be sufficient to support fry production from 400 000 sockeye. Sockeye returns per spawner have averaged 3.2 for six parent years (1966–71) in which returns are complete. A chinook run was created from plants of 160 000 fry over a 4-yr period beginning in 1966. Chinook have returned to spawn in specific sites of fry release above the falls and in the lower river. Key words: salmon introduction, enhancement technique, sockeye, chinook, Frazer Lake, salmon establishment

Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): long-term consequences of global warming

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Welch ◽  
Y Ishida ◽  
K Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Ocean surveys show that extremely sharp thermal boundaries have limited the distribution of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas over the past 40 years. These limits are expressed as a step function, with the temperature defining the position of the thermal limit varying between months in an annual cycle. The sharpness of the edge, the different temperatures that define the position of the edge in different months of the year, and the subtle variations in temperature with area or decade for a given month probably all occur because temperature-dependent metabolic rates exceed energy intake from feeding over large regions of otherwise acceptable habitat in the North Pacific. At current rates of greenhouse gas emissions, predicted temperature increases under a doubled CO2 climate are large enough to shift the position of the thermal limits into the Bering Sea by the middle of the next century. Such an increase would potentially exclude sockeye salmon from the entire Pacific Ocean and severely restrict the overall area of the marine environment that would support growth.

Production of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to decadal-scale changes in the climate and the ocean

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Beamish ◽  
C-E M Neville ◽  
A J Cass
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
General Response

The abundance of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks was low in the 1960s, increased to high levels in the 1980s, and possibly entered a period of low abundance in recent years. The abundance changes of the combined stocks can be separated into productivity regimes that correspond to changes in climate trends. The most distinct change occurred when there was a major change in the climate over the Pacific Ocean in the winter of 1976-1977. The existence of natural shifts in abundance trends means that the high returns that occur during periods of high productivity would not be expected to occur during the low-productivity periods. The response of Fraser River sockeye to climate changes may be a specific example of a more general response by a number of species of fishes in the Pacific and perhaps in other oceans. Because the shift from one regime to the other occurred quickly in the 1970s, future shifts could also occur quickly. It is necessary to detect natural shifts in productivity when attempting to manage fishing impacts to ensure that economic expectations are sound and that overfishing does not occur.

A simple method to assess the marine environment residence duration of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) using laser ablation

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1437-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison P. Stocks ◽  
Evgeny A. Pakhomov ◽  
Brian P.V. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Pacific

Monitoring habitat utilization and early marine growth of sockeye salmon juveniles (Oncorhynchus nerka) in fjords of the Pacific Northwest is currently hampered by difficulties in estimating residence times, limiting scientific advances in certain aspects of this species’ fisheries management and conservation. Combining otolith microchemistry and conventional daily ring counts, we were able to obtain the date of first entry and the residence time of sockeye juveniles in Rivers Inlet, British Columbia. This operationally inexpensive method builds upon variable microelement concentrations in fresh- and saltwater environments: barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) concentrations within the sockeye otoliths differed between the freshwater and seawater growth zones; Ba concentrations in the freshwater growth zone were significantly higher than those in the seawater growth zone, while Sr concentrations in the former were significantly lower than in the latter. The concentrations of these elements within otoliths were determined quantitatively at high spatial resolution using in situ laser ablation inductively coupled with a plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) providing a record of the ambient environmental conditions experienced by individual fish. Exploratory analysis of a 3-year data set showed that the mean residence time of sockeye juveniles in Rivers Inlet varied between 3 and 6 weeks between years.

An Anomalous Increase of Temperature in the Ocean off the Pacific Coast of Canada through 1957 and 1958

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Tully ◽  
A. J. Dodimead ◽  
S. Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Anomalous Increase ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Isopycnal Surface ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The temperature increase extended from the surface to nearly 500 m depth. Its progress is shown by temperature distribution on the isopycnal surface, σt = 26.60, which is in the halocline, immediately below the depth of seasonal influence. During this period the currents veered northward and strengthened. The spawning migration of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the ocean was shifted northward and delayed in association with these anomalous oceanographic conditions.

Egg retention in relation to arrival timing and reproductive longevity in female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Hruska ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Michael C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Arrival Timing ◽  
Spawning Success

Some female Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) arrive at spawning grounds but fail to complete spawning prior to death. One hypothesis regarding egg retention is that some individuals do not have sufficient time on spawning grounds for successful completion of spawning. We investigated this hypothesis by quantifying the relationships among arrival timing, reproductive longevity, and egg retention in female sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) from Weaver Creek Spawning Channel (British Columbia, Canada) in 2006. 250 females were tagged over three sampling periods and followed until death. Earlier-arriving females lived longer than later-arriving females (p < 0.001), but patterns of egg retention were not different across sampling dates (p > 0.40). Complete spawners tended to establish a redd sooner after arrival than incomplete spawners (p = 0.001); there was no relationship between spawning completion and reproductive maturity or fork length (p > 0.30). Consistent with the time limitation hypothesis, females retained a lower proportion of eggs with increasing reproductive longevity. Several long-lived females (>7 days) failed to spawn completely before death, indicating that time limitation was not a factor for spawning success in all females. Further research examining the role of individual-specific behavioural physiology on egg retention in sockeye salmon is needed.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River
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