In the paper, ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal synthesis using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials. The influences of molar concentration of NaOH and synthesis temperature on the properties of ZnO nanopowders were investigated. XRD and FSEM were used to characterize ZnO nanopowders. The results showed that; when the molar concentration of NaOH was 0.05 mol/L, 1mol/L and 2mol/L, ZnO micrometer powders were obtained. When the molar concentration of NaOH was 4mol/L, ZnO nanorods or nanosheets were obtained with different reaction temperature. When the temperature was 220°C, ZnO nanorods with the length of 500nm and diameter of 100nm, were synthesised. Pure ZnO nanopowders can be obtained at lower temperature of 100°C by using one-step hydrothermal synthesis. When the synthesis temperature was 100°C and the molar concentration of NaOH was 4mol/L, ZnO nanosheets were produced. The length, width and thickness of ZnO nanosheets were about 800 nm, 500nm and 80nm, respectively.
One-step fabrication of robust superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces with self-cleaning and oil/water separation function