scholarly journals Prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans on faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3325-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Birkeland ◽  
Sedegheh Gharagozlian ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
Jørgen Valeur ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect

Abstract Purpose Compared to a healthy population, the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes presents with several unfavourable features that may impair glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans on the faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study was a placebo controlled crossover study, where 25 patients (15 men) aged 41–71 years consumed 16 g of inulin-type fructans (a mixture of oligofructose and inulin) and 16-g placebo (maltodextrin) for 6 weeks in randomised order. A 4-week washout separated the 6 weeks treatments. The faecal microbiota was analysed by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and SCFA in faeces were analysed using vacuum distillation followed by gas chromatography. Results Treatment with inulin-type fructans induced moderate changes in the faecal microbiota composition (1.5%, p = 0.045). A bifidogenic effect was most prominent, with highest positive effect on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, followed by OTUs of Bacteroides. Significantly higher faecal concentrations of total SCFA, acetic acid and propionic acid were detected after prebiotic consumption compared to placebo. The prebiotic fibre had no effects on the concentration of butyric acid or on the overall microbial diversity. Conclusion Six weeks supplementation with inulin-type fructans had a significant bifidogenic effect and induced increased concentrations of faecal SCFA, without changing faecal microbial diversity. Our findings suggest a moderate potential of inulin-type fructans to improve gut microbiota composition and to increase microbial fermentation in type 2 diabetes. Trial registration The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02569684).

scholarly journals The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Salamone ◽  
Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽  
Claudia Vetrani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

scholarly journals Correction to: Prebiotic effect of inulin‑type fructans on faecal microbiota and short‑chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3339-3340
Author(s):  
Eline Birkeland ◽  
Sedegheh Gharagozlian ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
Jørgen Valeur ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The presentation of Fig. 4 was incorrect.

scholarly journals Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9549
Author(s):  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Rafael Ordóñez ◽  
Alicia González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may influence the drug efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during cancer treatment by modulating drug metabolism and the host immune response. Moreover, gut microbiota can produce metabolites that may influence tumor proliferation and therapy responsiveness. In this study we have investigated the potential contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and polyamines to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) outcome in CRC patients. First, we established a profile for healthy gut microbiota by comparing the microbial diversity and composition between CRC patients and healthy controls. Second, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gut microbiota composition of CRC patients was relatively stable over treatment time with neoadjuvant RCT. Nevertheless, treated patients who achieved clinical benefits from RTC (responders, R) had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness compared to non-responder patients (NR). Importantly, the fecal microbiota of the R was enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and had significantly higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR. In addition, NR patients exhibited higher serum levels of spermine and acetyl polyamines (oncometabolites related to CRC) as well as zonulin (gut permeability marker), and their gut microbiota was abundant in pro-inflammatory species. Finally, we identified a baseline consortium of five bacterial species that could potentially predict CRC treatment outcome. Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiota may have an important role in the response to cancer therapies in CRC patients.

scholarly journals Associations between gut microbiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids, and blood pressure across ethnic groups: the HELIUS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (44) ◽  
pp. 4259-4267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J H Verhaar ◽  
Didier Collard ◽  
Andrei Prodan ◽  
Johannes H M Levels ◽  
Aeilko H Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Helius Study ◽  
Explained Variance

Abstract Aims  Preliminary evidence from animal and human studies shows that gut microbiota composition and levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are associated with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that faecal microbiota composition and derived metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups. Methods and results  We included 4672 subjects (mean age 49.8 ± 11.7 years, 52% women) from six different ethnic groups participating in the HEalthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Associations between microbiota composition and office BP were assessed using machine learning prediction models. In the subgroups with the largest associations, faecal SCFA levels were compared in 200 subjects with lower or higher systolic BP. Faecal microbiota composition explained 4.4% of the total systolic BP variance. Best predictors for systolic BP included Roseburia spp., Clostridium spp., Romboutsia spp., and Ruminococcaceae spp. Explained variance of the microbiota composition was highest in Dutch subjects (4.8%), but very low in South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Moroccan and Turkish descent groups (explained variance <0.8%). Faecal SCFA levels, including acetate (P < 0.05) and propionate (P < 0.01), were lower in young Dutch participants with low systolic BP. Conclusions  Faecal microbiota composition is associated with BP, but with strongly divergent associations between ethnic groups. Intriguingly, while Dutch participants with lower BP had higher abundances of several SCFA-producing microbes, they had lower faecal SCFA levels. Intervention studies with SCFAs could provide more insight in the effects of these metabolites on BP.

Habitual animal fat consumption in shaping gut microbiota and microbial metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 7973-7982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Wenfeng Tong ◽  
Renke Zhou ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jihong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A diet with higher animal-based fat consumption is likely to be associated with moderately unfavorable impacts on gut microbial diversity, community, and regulation of fecal short-chain fatty acids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document