Coix seed polysaccharides alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus via gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids activation of IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling

2021 ◽  
pp. 110717
Author(s):  
Ting Xia ◽  
Chang-shun Liu ◽  
Yan-nan Hu ◽  
Zhen-ye Luo ◽  
Fei-long Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Coix Seed

scholarly journals Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Tang ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.

scholarly journals The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Salamone ◽  
Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽  
Claudia Vetrani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

scholarly journals SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) SEBAGAI Nutraceutical DALAM MANAJEMEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

el–Hayah ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nurlaili Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Fiber

<em>Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes is most commonly type which accounts for 90-95% of those, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. Management of type 2 diabetes should combine pharmacological therapy with both diet modification and increasing physical activity. Nutraceutical was known to have important role. A kind of Araceae family, Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), has a main content of glucomannan. Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide, high fibers and low calories. Various studies suggest the benefit effects of glucomannan in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Its mechanism is postulated to be associated with the intrinsic physical effects of soluble fiber in the gastrointestinal tract and fermentation by microflora in the large intestine that trigger production of several gut hormones. Short Chain Fatty Acids, product of fiber fermentation, can improve insulin sensitivity through competition with free fatty acids and increasing expression of GLUT 4 in insulin sensitive tissues. Therefore, glucomannan from Porang has a great potential to be a nutraceutical for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</em>

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Chu ◽  
Wenhao Hao ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.

scholarly journals Prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans on faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3325-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Birkeland ◽  
Sedegheh Gharagozlian ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
Jørgen Valeur ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect

Abstract Purpose Compared to a healthy population, the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes presents with several unfavourable features that may impair glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of inulin-type fructans on the faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study was a placebo controlled crossover study, where 25 patients (15 men) aged 41–71 years consumed 16 g of inulin-type fructans (a mixture of oligofructose and inulin) and 16-g placebo (maltodextrin) for 6 weeks in randomised order. A 4-week washout separated the 6 weeks treatments. The faecal microbiota was analysed by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and SCFA in faeces were analysed using vacuum distillation followed by gas chromatography. Results Treatment with inulin-type fructans induced moderate changes in the faecal microbiota composition (1.5%, p = 0.045). A bifidogenic effect was most prominent, with highest positive effect on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, followed by OTUs of Bacteroides. Significantly higher faecal concentrations of total SCFA, acetic acid and propionic acid were detected after prebiotic consumption compared to placebo. The prebiotic fibre had no effects on the concentration of butyric acid or on the overall microbial diversity. Conclusion Six weeks supplementation with inulin-type fructans had a significant bifidogenic effect and induced increased concentrations of faecal SCFA, without changing faecal microbial diversity. Our findings suggest a moderate potential of inulin-type fructans to improve gut microbiota composition and to increase microbial fermentation in type 2 diabetes. Trial registration The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02569684).

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Rafael Ballan ◽  
Susana Marta Isay Saad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide has become a burden to healthcare systems. In 2019, around 463 million adults were living with diabetes mellitus, and T2DM accounted for 90 to 95% of cases. The relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM has been explored with the advent of metagenomic techniques. Genome-wide association studies evaluating the microbiota of these individuals have pointed to taxonomic, functional, and microbial metabolite imbalances and represent a potential intervention in T2DM management. Several microbial metabolites and components, such as imidazole propionate, trimethylamine, and lipopolysaccharides, appear to impair insulin signaling, while short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites may improve it. In addition, the use of probiotics with the aim of transiently restoring the microbial balance or reducing the effects of microbial metabolites that impair insulin sensitivity has been explored. Herein, we critically review the available literature on the changes in the gut microbiota in T2DM together with potential adjuvant therapies that may improve the health status of this population.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota influence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Stephens ◽  
D. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Altered Glucose

AbstractA strong and expanding evidence base supports the influence of gut microbiota in human metabolism. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with altered gut microbiota, and is clearly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. Understanding the causal association between gut microbiota and metabolic risk has the potential role of identifying susceptible individuals to allow early targeted intervention.

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