scholarly journals Impact of catheterization on shear-mediated arterial dilation in healthy young men

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 2525-2532
Author(s):  
Andrea Tryfonos ◽  
Matthew Cocks ◽  
Debar Rasoul ◽  
Joseph Mills ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Endothelial Denudation ◽  
Arterial Dilation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Transradial Catheterization ◽  
Baseline Diameter

Abstract Purpose Animal studies have shown that endothelial denudation abolishes vasodilation in response to increased shear stress. Interestingly, shear-mediated dilation has been reported to be reduced, but not abolished, in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients following catheterization. However, it is not known whether this resulted from a priori endothelial dysfunction in this diseased population. In this study, we evaluated shear-mediated dilation following catheterization in healthy young men. Methods Twenty-six (age: 24.4 ± 3.8 years, BMI: 24.3 ± 2.8 kg m−2, VO2peak: 50.5 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min) healthy males underwent unilateral transradial catheterization. Shear-mediated dilation of both radial arteries was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) pre-, and 7 days post-catheterization. Results FMD was reduced in the catheterized arm [9.3 ± 4.1% to 4.3 ± 4.1% (P < 0.001)] post-catheterization, whereas no change was observed in the control arm [8.4 ± 3.8% to 7.3 ± 3.8% (P = 0.168)]. FMD was completely abolished in the catheterized arm in five participants. Baseline diameter (P = 0.001) and peak diameter during FMD (P = 0.035) were increased in the catheterized arm 7 days post-catheterization (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.001, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.7 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.001), with no change in the control arm (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.3 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.288, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.608). Conclusion This is the first study in young healthy individuals with intact a priori endothelial function to provide evidence of impaired shear-mediated dilation following catheterization. When combined with earlier studies in CAD patients, our data suggest the catheterization impairs artery function in humans.

scholarly journals TRAIL and Cardiovascular Disease—A Risk Factor or Risk Marker: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kakareko ◽  
Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska ◽  
Edyta Zbroch ◽  
Tomasz Hryszko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Artery Disease

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic protein showing broad biological functions. Data from animal studies indicate that TRAIL may possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm. It has been also suggested that TRAIL might be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether TRAIL is a risk factor or risk marker in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events. Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) were searched until December 2020 without a year limit in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 63 eligible original studies were identified and included in our systematic review. Studies suggest an important role of TRAIL in disorders such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, and pulmonary and gestational hypertension. Most evidence associates reduced TRAIL levels and increased TRAIL-R2 concentration with all-cause mortality in patients with CVDs. It is, however, unclear whether low TRAIL levels should be considered as a risk factor rather than a risk marker of CVDs. Further studies are needed to better define the association of TRAIL with cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Tanik ◽  
Savas Sarikaya ◽  
Kürşad Zengin ◽  
Sebahattin Albayrak ◽  
Yunus Keser Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction. There is an increasing interest in the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular risk factor. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with insulin resistance, increased cardiometabolic risk, and coronary artery disease. Our aim was to investigate relationships between epicardial fat thickness (EFT) as a cardiometabolic risk factor and erectile dysfunction.Method. We selected 30 erectile dysfunction patients without comorbidities and 30 healthy individuals. IIEF-5 score was applied to all patients, and IIEF-5 score below 22 was considered as erectile dysfunction. EFT was measured by echocardiography.Results. Body mass index (BMI) was higher in ED patients than those without ED (28.19 ± 4.45 kg/m2versus23.84±2.36 kg/m2,P = 0.001, resp.). Waist circumstance (WC) was higher in ED patients than those without ED (106.60±5.90versus87.86 ± 14.51,P = 0.001, resp.). EFT was higher in ED patients compared to non-ED patients (0.49 ± 0.09 cm versus0.45 ± 0.03 cm,P = 0.016, resp.). There was positive correlation among BMI, WC, and EFT. There was negative correlation between EFT and IIEF-5 score (r : -0.632,P = 0.001).Conclusion. EAT, BMI, and WC as cardiometabolic risk factors were higher in erectile dysfunction patients.

Abstract 319: Effects of Muscle Stretching on Flow-Mediated Dilation of Popliteal Artery in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hotta ◽  
Wayne B Batchelor ◽  
James Graven ◽  
Vishal Dahya ◽  
Thomas E Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Artery Disease

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently have walking impairment due to lower extremity claudication. Our preliminary results in a rat model of aging indicate that a program of daily calf muscle stretching improves endothelium-dependent dilation of soleus muscle arterioles and increases soleus muscle blood flow during exercise. However, the effects of muscle stretching on the function of arteries supplying the legs of PAD patients is unknown. We hypothesized that daily calf muscle stretching improves vascular endothelial function and walking distance in PAD patients. To test our hypothesis, a randomized, non-blinded, crossover study was performed. Four weeks of muscle stretching (30 min/d, 5 days/wk) and 4 weeks of sedentary lifestyle (no stretching) were performed in random order. Thirteen patients with PAD participated in this study (71 ± 2 years old; 7 males and 6 females). During the stretching intervention both ankle joints were maintained at 15o of dorsiflexion using ankle dorsiflexion splints to stretch their calf muscles at home. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD; dilation to post-occlusion reactive hyperemia) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (dilation to sublingual 0.4 mg nitroglycerin) of the popliteal artery were measured after 4 weeks of muscle stretching and after the no stretching period using ultrasound. A six-minute walk test was also performed to obtain walking distance. After 4 weeks of muscle stretching, FMD and 6-minute walking distance significantly improved as compared to the values measured after 4 weeks of no stretching (FMD: 5.2 ± 0.6 % vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 %, P=0.003 stretching vs. no stretching, 6-minute walking distance: 355 ± 32 m vs. 311 ± 31 m, P=0.007, stretching vs. no stretching; mean ± SE). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced dilation was found between groups (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 9.9 ± 1.1 %, P=0.54, stretching vs. no stretching). Percentage change of walking distance (%change = [(stretching - no stretching) / no stretching] x 100) significantly correlated with the %change of FMD (R 2 =0.65, P=0.03). These results indicate that static calf muscle stretching enhances vascular endothelial function of the popliteal artery, contributing to improvement of walking tolerance in PAD patients.

Malondialdehyde Assay in the Evaluation of Aspirin Antiplatelet Effects

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Polzin ◽  
Lisa Dannenberg ◽  
Theresa Schneider ◽  
Betül Knoop ◽  
David Naguib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Light Transmission Aggregometry ◽  
Artery Disease

Aspirin is essential in secondary prevention of patients after myocardial infarction and with coronary artery disease. However, impaired pharmacodynamic response to aspirin is frequent (high on-treatment platelet reactivity [HTPR]). This leads to an enhanced prevalence of cardiovascular events and to an impaired clinical outcome. The current specific assays to evaluate aspirin antiplatelet effects are complex, time-consuming and demand for a high laboratory expertise. Therefore, we developed a potentially bedside assay based on the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA is a by-product of the thromboxane (TX) formation, which is synthesized in equimolar concentrations. In this study, we compared this MDA assay to the conventional assays in determination of pharmacodynamic aspirin response. For this, aspirin antiplatelet effects were measured in 22 healthy individuals and 63 aspirin treated patients using TX B2 formation enzyme-linked antibody assay, arachidonic acid induced light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and the new fluorometric MDA assay. In patients, MDA levels correlated well with TX formation (R = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.88; p < 0.001) and LTA (R = 0.84; CI 0.74–0.91; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that the MDA assay does detect HTPR to aspirin sufficiently (area under the curve: 0.965; p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off was > 128 nmol/L (sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91%). The new MDA assay is reliable in detecting HTPR. It is highly specific in the evaluation of antiplatelet effects by aspirin. This promising and potential bedside assay needs to be evaluated in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Optimal Analysis Method for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Diffuse Optical Tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ghijsen ◽  
Yuting Lin ◽  
Mitchell Hsing ◽  
Orhan Nalcioglu ◽  
Gultekin Gulsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Diffuse Optical Tomography ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) is an optical imaging modality that has various clinical applications. However, the spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy of DOT is poor due to strong photon scatting in biological tissue. Structurala prioriinformation from another high spatial resolution imaging modality such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to significantly improve DOT accuracy. In addition, a contrast agent can be used to obtain differential absorption images of the lesion by using dynamic contrast enhanced DOT (DCE-DOT). This produces a relative absorption map that consists of subtracting a reconstructed baseline image from reconstructed images in which optical contrast is included. In this study, we investigated and compared different reconstruction methods and analysis approaches for regular endogenous DOT and DCE-DOT with and without MR anatomicala prioriinformation for arbitrarily-shaped objects. Our phantom and animal studies have shown that superior image quality and higher accuracy can be achieved using DCE-DOT together with MR structurala prioriinformation. Hence, implementation of a combined MRI-DOT system to image ICG enhancement can potentially be a promising tool for breast cancer imaging.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cilostazol on Endothelial Function as Assessed by Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Mori ◽  
Atsuo Maeda ◽  
Kohei Wakabayashi ◽  
Tokutada Sato ◽  
Masahiro Sasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Disease

CD14+CD16+ monocytes in coronary artery disease and their relationship to serum TNF-α levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (08) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Blankenberg ◽  
Christine Espinola-Klein ◽  
Joern Dopheide ◽  
Christoph Bickel ◽  
Karl Lackner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Fourth Quartile

SummaryMonocytes play a central role in the inflammatory disease atherosclerosis. CD14+CD16+ monocytes are considered proinflammatory monocytes, as they have an increased capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and are elevated in various inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have increased levels of CD14+CD16+ monocytes, and that CD14+CD16+ monocytes are associated with inflammation markers. We investigated CD14+CD16+ monocytes in 247 patients with CAD and 61 control subjects using flow cytometry. In addition serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and Hs-CRP were assessed. Patients with CAD had higher levels of CD14+CD16+ monocytes than controls (13.6% versus 11.4%; p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis including quartiles of CD14+CD16+ monocytes showed that CD14+CD16+ monocytes were associated with prevalence of CAD (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.5–19.1, for subjects in the fourth quartile in comparison to subjects in the first quartile). The association between CD14+CD16+ monocytes and CAD remained independently significant after adjustment for most potential confounders (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2-20.0). Serum concentrations of TNF-α were elevated in subjects within the highest quartiles of CD14+CD16+ monocytes (p=0.018). Our study showed that increased numbers of CD14+CD16+ monocytes are associated with coronary atherosclerosis and TNF-α. In accordance, recent animal studies suggest a possibly important role of these monocytes in the development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Ecocriticism as Subversive Aesthetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jelka Kernev Štrajn
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Minority Literature ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Literary Art ◽  
Level Of Consciousness

Art is subversive when it crosses the boundary of the generally acceptable, though over time such art can and does become mainstream. A much more complicated question is what is subversive in aesthetics? Ecocriticism has already become, along with ecofeminism and animal studies, an academic discipline. It can be defined as subversive if it is understood in terms of an attitude, which is not anthropocentric. And here is the catch: how can the human also encompass the alien? The question that emerges here is all but rhetorical: how can we decentre and amplify our human consciousness and perspective to include zoocentric, biocentric or geocentric positions? At this point the contemporary theory creates contrasting opinions, which cross the boundaries of aesthetics, poetics and ecocriticism since they reach out to the fields of metaphysics and antimetaphysics. Within the phenomenon of perception the other always appears, as Deleuze said in his Logic of Sense, as “a priori Other”. We have to deal, henceforth, with a kind of pre-reflexive level of consciousness and amplified sensory perception, which, as we know, is the basic condition of artistic creation. Thus, this paper – because it seeks to penetrate into the node of these questions – takes literary art as its starting point. In the spirit of the above-mentioned observations, I have attempted to investigate in ‘minority literature’ (female authors of contemporary Polish and Slovene literature) how this decentred attitude, which Jure Detela, a Slovene poet, poetically defined, corresponds to our thesis on a particular ecocritical stream, which can be defined as an ecofeminist aesthetics. The ‘minoritarian literature’ here is meant exclusively in the sense that was defined by Deleuze and Guattari’s books Kafka and A Thousand Plateaus. Article received: April 12, 2019; Article accepted: July 6, 2019; Published online: October 15, 2019; Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Kernev Štrajn, Jelka. "Ecocriticism as Subversive Aesthetics." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 20 (2019): 17-25. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i20.321

Abstract 16718: Energy Induced Vasodilation in a Model of Endothelial Dysfunction Requires Nitric Oxide

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Lindemer ◽  
Dorothee Weihrauch ◽  
Agnes Keszler ◽  
Nicole Lohr
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
No Production ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
No Bioavailability ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Over 8 million Americans are treated for peripheral artery disease (PAD), i.e. intermittent claudication, impaired wound healing, and critical limb ischemia. Endothelial dysfunction of the microcirculation is a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of PAD because risk factors for PAD- age, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and active tobacco use, have been directly related to a reduction in NOS expression and NO production. These reductions in NO bioavailability impair flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery and acetylcholine induced vasodilation. We have shown energy (670 nm (R/NIR)) can increase NO independent of NOS through release of NO from nitrosyl-heme stores. We hypothesized R/NIR can stimulate vasodilation, and serve as a potential therapy to recover vasodilation in a model of endothelial dysfunction (db/db mice). Methods: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) loaded with DAF-2 were stimulated with R/NIR 100mW/cm2 up to 6J. NO was measured using HPLC of DAF-2T. To test vasodilation, facial arteries from C57Bl/6 and db/db mice were isolated, pressurized to 60mmHg, and pre-constricted with U46619. The vessels were irradiated with 670 nm light (10mW/cm2) for 5 min with 10 min dark period between irradiation. Results: HMVEC stimulated with R/NIR increased NO 28.3% (±11.2, p<0.05). The NO scavenger c-PTIO inhibited R/NIR (17.0%±5.9, p<0.05) but was unchanged by pre-incubation with NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1mM) (13.1% ± 5.6). Vessel diameter increased up to 17.8% (±3, p<0.05) after 5 min with R/NIR. L-NAME did not affect dilation (13.74% ±2.2), however c-PTIO (100μM) could attenuate dilation (-.51% ± 1.1, p<0.001). R/NIR vasodilation was abolished with vessel denudation (1.2%± 2.21, p<0.001), suggesting R/NIR dilation was endothelial dependent. Impaired dilation in db/db mice was reversed, as R/NIR could significantly dilate db/db vessels after 5 min [(13.7% ± 2.8) vs. control (17.8% ±3)]. Conclusion: R/NIR vasodilation requires intact endothelium and NO, but does not require NOS. In an obesity model of endothelial dysfunction, R/NIR can significantly restore vasodilation. Therefore, R/NIR as a source for therapeutic NO should be strongly considered in the treatment of ischemic wounds.

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