scholarly journals Effectiveness of experimental and commercial pertussis vaccines in the elimination of Bordetella pertussis isolates with different genetic profiles in murine model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Prygiel ◽  
Ewa Mosiej ◽  
Karol Wdowiak ◽  
Paulina Górska ◽  
Maciej Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genomic Adaptation

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the elimination of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates, representing different genotypes in relation to alleles encoding virulence factors (MLST—multi-locus antigen sequence typing), MLVA type (multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) and PFGE group (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) from the lungs of naive mice or mice were immunised with the commercial whole-cell pertussis vaccine, the acellular pertussis vaccine and the experimental whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Molecular data indicate that the resurgence of pertussis in populations with high vaccine coverage is associated with genomic adaptation of B. pertussis, to vaccine selection pressure. Pertactin-negative B. pertussis isolates were suspected to contribute to the reduced vaccine effectiveness. It was shown that one of the isolates used is PRN deficient. The mice were intranasally challenged with bacterial suspension containing approximately 5 × 10 7 CFU/ml B. pertussis. The immunogenicity of the tested vaccines against PT (pertussis toxin), PRN (pertactin), FHA (filamentous haemagglutinin) and FIM (fimbriae types 2 and 3) was examined. The commercial whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines induced an immunity effective at eliminating the genetically different B. pertussis isolates from the lungs. However, the elimination of the PRN-deficient isolate from the lungs of mice vaccinated with commercial vaccines was delayed as compared to the PRN ( +) isolate, suggesting phenotypic differences with the circulating isolates and vaccine strains. The most effective vaccine was the experimental vaccine with the composition identical to that of the strains used for infection.

A single dose of an effective whole cell pertussis vaccine does not significantly increase protection in children primed with a less effective vaccine

Vaccine ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-453
Author(s):  
Marie Rochette ◽  
Gaston De Serres ◽  
Philippe Duclos ◽  
Daniel Bolduc ◽  
Philippe Jutras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Whole Cell

scholarly journals Development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for rapid genotyping ofEhrlichia ruminantiumand its application to infectedAmblyomma variegatumcollected in heartwater endemic areas in Uganda

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYO NAKAO ◽  
LIAM J. MORRISON ◽  
LIJIA ZHOU ◽  
JOSEPH W. MAGONA ◽  
FRANS JONGEJAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium

SUMMARYThe rickettsial bacteriumEhrlichia ruminantiumis the causative agent of heartwater, a serious tick-borne disease in ruminants. The genetic diversity of organisms in the field will have implications for cross-protective capacities of any vaccine developed, and for an effective vaccine design strategy proper genotyping and understanding of existing genetic diversity in the field is necessary. We searched for variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci for use in a multi-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA). Sequencing analysis of 30 potential VNTRs using a panel of 17 reference strains from geographically diverse origins identified 12 VNTRs with allelic profiles differing between strains. Application of MLVA to 38E. ruminantium-infectedAmblyomma variegatumcollected from indigenous cattle in 6 different districts of Uganda identified 21 MLVA types. The discriminatory power of MLVA was greater than that ofmap1PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, with which only 6 genotypes were obtained. The high discriminatory power as well as cost- effective performance of MLVA provide the potential for this technique to be applied in the future with respect to optimizing vaccine trials by identifying local strain diversity, and also raise the possibility of exploring the association betweenE. ruminantiumgenotypes and phenotypes such as pathological outcome in the ruminant host.

Collaborative Study on Test Systems to Assess Toxicity of Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine

Biologicals ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ineke van Straaten-van de Kappelle ◽  
Johan W. van der Gun ◽  
Frits R. Marsman ◽  
Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen ◽  
Huib J.M. van de Donk
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Test Systems

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

scholarly journals Profiling variable-number tandem repeat variation across populations using repeat-pangenome graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yu Lu ◽  
Katherine M. Munson ◽  
Alexandra P. Lewis ◽  
Qihui Zhu ◽  
Luke J. Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Short Reads ◽  
Repeat Structure ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Develop Software

AbstractVariable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are composed of consecutive repetitive DNA with hypervariable repeat count and composition. They include protein coding sequences and associations with clinical disorders. It has been difficult to incorporate VNTR analysis in disease studies that use short-read sequencing because the traditional approach of mapping to the human reference is less effective for repetitive and divergent sequences. In this work, we solve VNTR mapping for short reads with a repeat-pangenome graph (RPGG), a data structure that encodes both the population diversity and repeat structure of VNTR loci from multiple haplotype-resolved assemblies. We develop software to build a RPGG, and use the RPGG to estimate VNTR composition with short reads. We use this to discover VNTRs with length stratified by continental population, and expression quantitative trait loci, indicating that RPGG analysis of VNTRs will be critical for future studies of diversity and disease.

scholarly journals Intention to Be Vaccinated for COVID-19 among Italian Nurses during the Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Marco Trabucco Aurilio ◽  
Francesco Saverio Mennini ◽  
Simone Gazzillo ◽  
Laura Massini ◽  
Matteo Bolcato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex

Background: While the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally, health systems are overwhelmed by both direct and indirect mortality from other treatable conditions. COVID-19 vaccination was crucial to preventing and eliminating the disease, so vaccine development for COVID-19 was fast-tracked worldwide. Despite the fact that vaccination is commonly recognized as the most effective approach, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine hesitancy is a global health issue. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of nurses in four different regions in Italy between 20 and 28 December 2020 to obtain data on the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccination in order to plan specific interventions to increase the rate of vaccine coverage. Results: A total of 531 out of the 5000 nurses invited completed the online questionnaire. Most of the nurses enrolled in the study (73.4%) were female. Among the nurses, 91.5% intended to accept vaccination, whereas 2.3% were opposed and 6.2% were undecided. Female sex and confidence in vaccine efficacy represent the main predictors of vaccine intention among the study population using a logistic regression model, while other factors including vaccine safety concerns (side effects) were non-significant. Conclusions: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, intention to be vaccinated was suboptimal among nurses in our sample. We also found a significant number of people undecided as to whether to accept the vaccine. Contrary to expectations, concerns about the safety of the vaccine were not found to affect the acceptance rate; nurses’ perception of vaccine efficacy and female sex were the main influencing factors on attitudes toward vaccination in our sample. Since the success of the COVID-19 immunization plan depends on the uptake rate, these findings are of great interest for public health policies. Interventions aimed at increasing employee awareness of vaccination efficacy should be promoted among nurses in order to increase the number of vaccinated people.

scholarly journals Potentially Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian Sheep Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4949-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sekse ◽  
M. Sunde ◽  
B.-A. Lindstedt ◽  
P. Hopp ◽  
T. Bruheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Large Survey

ABSTRACTA national survey ofEscherichia coliO26 in Norwegian sheep flocks was conducted, using fecal samples to determine the prevalence. In total, 491 flocks were tested, andE. coliO26 was detected in 17.9% of the flocks. One hundred forty-twoE. coliO26 isolates were examined for flagellar antigens (H typing) and four virulence genes, includingstxandeae, to identify possible Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) and enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC). Most isolates (129 out of 142) were identified asE. coliO26:H11. They possessedeaeand may have potential as human pathogens, although only a small fraction were identified as STEC O26:H11, giving a prevalence in sheep flocks of only 0.8%. Correspondingly, the sheep flock prevalence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) O26:H11 was surprisingly high (15.9%). The genetic relationship between theE. coliO26:H11 isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), identifying 63 distinct PFGE profiles and 22 MLVA profiles. Although the MLVA protocol was less discriminatory than PFGE and a few cases of disagreement were observed, comparison by partition mapping showed an overall good accordance between the two methods. A close relationship between a few isolates of aEPEC O26:H11 and STEC O26:H11 was identified, but all theE. coliO26:H11 isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic to humans. The present study consisted of a representative sampling of sheep flocks from all parts of Norway. This is the first large survey of sheep flocks focusing onE. coliO26 in general, including results of STEC, aEPEC, and nonpathogenic isolates.

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