scholarly journals Co-infection of pigs with Taenia solium cysticercosis and gastrointestinal parasites in Eastern and Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ngwili ◽  
Lian Thomas ◽  
Samuel Githigia ◽  
Dishon Muloi ◽  
Karen Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Control And Management

AbstractA study was carried out in Kamuli and Hoima districts in Eastern and Western regions of Uganda to determine the Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis (PCC) and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites co-infection status in pigs. One hundred sixty-one households were selected randomly and visited between November and December 2019. A household questionnaire was administered, and faecal and blood samples were collected from at least one pig older than 3 months per household. A blood sample was obtained from a jugular venipuncture, and a rectal faecal sample was obtained. Taenia spp. circulating antigen levels in the sample sera were tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, apDia™ cysticercosis Ag ELISA. The modified McMaster technique was used to identify and quantify the GI parasites. The apparent animal-level seroprevalence for PCC was 4.8% (95% CI 2.7–7.1) and differed across the two districts (p = 0.018). At the pig herd level, the prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI 5.5–14.4). The prevalence of the different nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in the two districts was as follows: strongyles 79.0% (95% CI 74.3–83.6), coccidia 73.3% (95% CI 68.3–78.6), Trichuris spp. 7.4% (95% CI 4.9–10.6), Strongyloides ransomi 2.1 (95% CI 0.7–3.5) and Ascaris spp. 4.9 (95% CI 2.8–7.4). Overall, across the two districts, the arithmetic mean for the oocysts per gram (OPG) for coccidia was 2042.2 ± 5776.1, and eggs per gram (EPG) were the highest in strongyles 616.1 ± 991. Overall, 57.4% of the porcine cysticercosis seropositive pigs were also positive for at least one of the gastrointestinal helminths which included strongyles, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris spp. and Ascaris spp. The co-infection status of pigs with both PCC and GI parasites demonstrated by this study can provide an incentive for integrating the control and management of both parasites with oxfendazole. Further studies are required to understand the feasibility of using oxfendazole including cost–benefit analysis and the acceptability by local stakeholders for the control of T. solium cysticercosis and gastrointestinal parasites in pigs.

scholarly journals A pilot study of common health problems in smallholder pigs in Angónia and Boane districts, Mozambique

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matos ◽  
C. Sitoe ◽  
S. Afonso ◽  
J. Banze ◽  
J. Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Free Ranging

Apilot survey was conducted in 2 districts in Mozambique to determine the most important health problems facing smallholder pig producers. While African swine fever is the most serious disease that affects pigs at all levels of production in Mozambique, it is likely that productivity is reduced by the presence of mange and gastrointestinal parasites, while in traditional systems the conditions are favourable for the development of porcine cysticercosis caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, which poses a health risk to communities. Results of the pilot survey confirmed that, with the exception of African swine fever, ecto- and endoparasites are probably the most important health risks for producers. Porcine cysticercosis is more prevalent among pigs in traditional, free-ranging systems, while mange becomes a serious factor when pigs are permanently confined.

scholarly journals Cysticerci seroprevalence and risk factors for neurocysticercosis: an observational hospital based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
M P Barakoti ◽  
S Rijal ◽  
P M Shyangwa
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Ct Head ◽  
Made In

The serological test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for circulating antigen of Taenia Solium (Ag-ELISA) , was carried out in a series of 90 cases of seizure disorders, aged more than 14 years, presented to B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal between March 2008 to May 2009. Taenia Solium antigen were detected in 13 (15%) of the patients. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made in 35% cases (26 out of 75) based on clinical and neuroimaging findings. Neuroimaging was not done in 15 cases. Seropositivity was associated with neuroimaging studies consistent with NCC (OR=13.295% CI 1.43- 305.79, P= 0.014). It is significant for multiple ring enhancing lesions (P= 0.00935 for CT Head and 0.00274 for MRI Head) and not found to be statistically significant for single ring enhancing lesion (P= 0.637 for CT Head and 1.00 for MRI Head). Living in kachha house, family members >5 and age > 60 years have higher odds ratio for positive serology of cysticercosis although there was no statistical significance. The serology for cysticercosis had sensitivity of 41.5% and specificity of 98.4%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11957

scholarly journals A survey for potentially zoonotic parasites in backyard pigs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Northeast Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pinilla ◽  
Elsa Morales ◽  
Angel Alberto Florez Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Backyard Pigs

Background and Aim: Backyard pigs farming is a rearing system associated with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions of the pig, often causing public health and food safety problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of potentially zoonotic parasites in population pig reared under backyard farming in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Northeast Colombia. Materials and Methods: From September to December 2019, a total of 558 fecal samples from 64 backyard pig farms were examined for the presence of enteric protozoan infection. The coprological diagnosis was done by direct examination using Lugol's iodine solution, buffered saline solution, and Kinyoun technique. In addition, blood samples were collected from 200 pigs. Serum was collected and used for the detection of Trichinella spiralis and Taenia solium cysticercosis infections, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The overall prevalence of zoonotic protozoa in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area was 65.2%, reporting 52.7% prevalence for Balantidium coli, 33.7% for Entamoeba coli, and 5.7% for Cryptosporidium spp. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the region under study. Pigs >7 months of age showed to be a risk factor for B. coli infection, indicating that the prevalence increases with the age, while pigs raised at >1000 masl and access to latrines, increased infection risk for E. coli and Cryptosporidium spp. infections. In the present study, T. spiralis infection was not detected in the analyzed sera, while T. solium cysticercosis infection was found to be 40.5%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of protozoan infections and porcine cysticercosis reported in this study could be due to poor facilities, and lack of hygiene in the facilities, and suggests the possible transmission of these parasite populations between pigs and humans, thus increasing the transmission of parasites zoonotic potential. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and deworming programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of these infectious agents.

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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