Tree height and age-related decline in growth in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p>0.05) for the characters, while there were significant differences (p≤0.05) among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA). Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigraArnold) and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libaniA. Rich.) which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p<0.05) correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.

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Bioactive Properties of the Aqueous Extracts of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Roots

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1185-4437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (13/14) ◽

pp. 1009-1024

Author(s):

Jenni Tienaho ◽

Maarit Karonen ◽

Riina Muilu-Mäkelä ◽

Janne Kaseva ◽

Nuria de Pedro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Phialocephala Fortinii ◽

Age Related

AbstractDespite the continuing interest in various plant and natural products, only a small portion of the biologically active compounds from nature has been discovered and exploited. In this study, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of aqueous fractions of three endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of 8-year-old Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) growing on a drained peatland were investigated. The endophytic fungi species were Acephala applanata, Phialocephala fortinii, and Humicolopsis cephalosporioides/Coniochaeta mutabilis. The bioactivities were examined using hydrogen peroxide scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity tests as well as sensitive Escherichia coli-based biosensors, which produce a luminescent signal in the presence of substances with oxidative or genotoxic properties. In addition, cell models for Parkinsonʼs disease, age-related macular degeneration, and osteoarthritis were used to evaluate the potential for pharmaceutical applications. The aqueous extracts of fungi and 19 out of 42 fractions were found to be active in one or more of the tests used. However, no activity was found in the age-related macular degeneration and osteoarthritis cell model tests. Additionally, bioactivity data was connected with metabolites putatively annotated, and out of 330 metabolites, 177 were interesting in view of the bioactivities investigated. A majority of these were peptides and all three fungal species shared a highly similar metabolome. We propose that Scots pine endophytic fungi are a rich source of interesting metabolites, and synergistic effects may cause the bioactivities, as they were found to vary after the fractionation process.

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Effect of High Concentrations of Wood Ash on Soil Properties and Development of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9479

Author(s):

Baiba Jansone ◽

Valters Samariks ◽

Modris Okmanis ◽

Dārta Kļaviņa ◽

Dagnija Lazdiņa

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Tree Height ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Breast Height ◽

High Doses ◽

One Year

Wood ash recycling can be a reasonable method for energy producers to decrease waste problems. Using wood ash as a fertilizer or liming material could improve soil macro and micronutrient content in peat soils. Therefore, the effect of wood ash on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile growth and nutrient content in the soil after spreading wood ash in medium to high doses before and after planting seedlings was investigated in peat forests in the Eastern part of Latvia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of wood ash on soil properties and the growth of planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings up to 10 years after experiment establishment. Wood ash was applied a year before planting seedlings in doses of 5 and 10 t ha−1 and right after planting in concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1. Changes in macronutrient content (i.e., phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]) and tree height and diameter at breast height were measured at one and 10 years after establishing the experiment. Fertilization one year prior to planting the seedlings exhibited a positive response on tree height and diameter growth compared to fertilization after the seedlings were planted. Soil samples from fertilized plots one year after establishment contained more P and K in the soil than the control plots. Wood ash application of the highest doses did not reach the overdose limit, as the tree growth (height and diameter at breast height) results of fertilized plots were similar to those of the control fields; therefore, no significant negative effect on tree growth was discovered.

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The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

Paweł Przybylski ◽

Łukasz Tyburski ◽

Vasyl Mohytych

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

National Park ◽

Tree Height ◽

Crown Condition ◽

Wide Range ◽

Crown Defoliation ◽

The Status ◽

Statistical Relationships ◽

Stand Damage

AbstractForests in Kampinos National Park contain some of the most valuable tree populations in Poland. Particularly interesting are stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that are more than 130-years-old. Periodic observations of the health of tree crowns in these stands facilitates a wide range of research investigations. This article evaluates statistical relationships between allometric features of trees and the occurrence and severity of crown defoliation.Observations were made of 5 pine populations in 2017 and 2019, in which detailed data were collected for 250 trees. The percentage loss of the assimilation apparatus and level of stand damage were calculated.The results revealed a significant increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019. The deterioration of crown condition was particularly evident on the most fertile sites. The degree of crown damage was not correlated with tree height or diameter. The greatest increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019 was observed for the most severely damaged trees growing on fertile sites.This study contributes analyses aimed at correlating the allometric features of a stand with its health. Such information is valuable as it describes the status of the analysed stands, as well as providing information about how trees have responded to environmental conditions. In this study, crown defoliation coincided with a period of drought in Poland, which appears to have affected pine stands. For these reasons, the results are of both scientific and practical value.

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Genetic variation in the diameter–height relationship in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x07-233 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1493-1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Johan Kroon ◽

Bengt Andersson ◽

Tim J. Mullin

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Tree Height ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Stem Form ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Growth Selection ◽

Microsite Heterogeneity ◽

Adjusted Model

Genetic parameters were estimated for the diameter–height (d-h) relationship and three other tree stem-form characteristics (total height, breast height diameter, and total tree volume) for data from 10 diallel progeny trials of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), at about 30 years of age in Sweden. Linear mixed models were fit to the data, where adjustments for intertree competition and microsite heterogeneity were made by means of covariates in a nearest-neighbour analysis. The d-h relationship was analyzed with a covariate (tree height) adjusted model of diameter. Average estimates of the additive coefficient of variation and narrow-sense heritability for the d-h relationship were 7.4% and 0.22, respectively. Estimates of dominance were comparatively small (average dominance: phenotypic variance ratio of 0.04). The results indicate that there is scope to modify the d-h relationship by selection and breeding. Additive genetic correlations between the d-h relationship and height were negative, with a mean of –0.62. Selection for height would thus result in stems that are more slender than average, suggesting that tall trees allocate relatively more resources to height growth than to diameter growth. Selection based on height alone will negatively affect volume gain.

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