A low-cost brewery waste as a carbon source in bio-surfactant production

Abstract A pilot-scale CFIC® (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) reactor was run in anoxic conditions to study denitrification of wastewater. The CFIC process has already proven its capabilities for biological oxygen demand removal with a small footprint, less energy consumption and low cost. The present study focused on the applicability for denitrification. Both pre-denitrification (pre-DN) and post-denitrification (post-DN) were tested. A mixture of primary treated wastewater and nitrified wastewater was used for pre-DN and nitrified wastewater with ethanol as a carbon source was used for post-DN. The pre-DN process was carbon limited and removal rates of only 0.16 to 0.74 g NOx-N/m²-d were obtained. With post-DN and an external carbon source, 0.68 to 2.2 g NO3-Neq/m²-d removal rates were obtained. The carrier bed functioned as a good filter for both the larger particles coming with influent water and the bio-solids produced in the reactor. Total suspended solids removal in the reactor varied from 20% to 78% (average 45%) during post-DN testing period and 9% to 70% (average 29%) for pre-DN. The results showed that the forward flow washing improves both the DN function and filtration ability of the reactor.

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Green Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Cyanobacteria for Biological Imaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 616 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xi Wang ◽

Pei Yang ◽

Qian Feng ◽

Taotao Meng ◽

Jing Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Carbon Quantum Dots ◽

Water Soluble ◽

High Concentration ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Cytotoxicity

Biomass-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become a significant carbon materials by their virtues of being cost-effective, easy to fabricate and low in environmental impact. However, there are few reports regarding using cyanobacteria as a carbon source for the synthesis of fluorescent CQDs. In this study, the low-cost biomass of cyanobacteria was used as the sole carbon source to synthesize water-soluble CQDs by a simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized CQDs were mono-dispersed with an average diameter of 2.48 nm and exhibited excitation-dependent emission performance with a quantum yield of 9.24%. Furthermore, the cyanobacteria-derived CQDs had almost no photobleaching under long-time UV irradiation, and exhibited high photostability in the solutions with a wide range of pH and salinity. Since no chemical reagent was involved in the synthesis of CQDs, the as-prepared CQDs were confirmed to have low cytotoxicity for PC12 cells even at a high concentration. Additionally, the CQDs could be efficiently taken up by cells to illuminate the whole cell and create a clear distinction between cytoplasm and nucleus. The combined advantages of green synthesis, cost-effectiveness and low cytotoxicity make synthesized CQDs a significant carbon source and broaden the application of cyanobacteria and provide an economical route to fabricate CQDs on a large scale.

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Evaluating the Potential of Rhodosporidium toruloides-1588 for High Lipid Production Using Undetoxified Wood Hydrolysate as a Carbon Source

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13225960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5960

Author(s):

Rahul Saini ◽

Krishnamoorthy Hegde ◽

Carlos Saul Osorio-Gonzalez ◽

Satinder Kaur Brar ◽

Pierre Vezina

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

High Lipid ◽

Lipid Characterization ◽

Forestry Residues ◽

Wood Hydrolysate

The study aims to explore microbial lipid production using an abundant and low-cost lignocellulosic biomass derived from forestry residues. Sugar-rich undetoxified hydrolysate was prepared using hardwood and softwood sawdust and used for lipid production as a carbon source from an oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides-1588. The maximum biomass obtained was 17.09 and 19.56 g/L in hardwood and softwood hydrolysate, respectively. Sugar consumption in both hydrolysates was >95%, with a maximum lipid accumulation of 36.68% at 104 h and 35.24% at 96 h. Moreover, R. toruloides-1588 exhibited tolerance to several toxic compounds such as phenols, organic acids and furans present in hydrolysates. The lipid characterization showed several monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, making it a potential feedstock for biofuels and oleochemicals production. This study confirms the credibility of R. toruloides-1588 as a suitable lipid producer using hydrolysates from forestry residues as a substrate. Additionally, lipids obtained from R. toruloides-1588 could be a potential feedstock for advanced biofuel production as well as for food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Facile and Low-Cost Synthesis of Ni/NiO Catalyst by Microwave Plasma Method for Carbon Nanotubes Growth Using Plastic Waste as Carbon Source

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2013.4695 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 268-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bussarin Ksapabutr ◽

Tanapol Chalermkiti ◽

Manop Panapoy

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Low Cost ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Plasma Method

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Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu/ZnO-SBA-15 Catalyst: Effect of Metal Loading

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 380 ◽

pp. 151-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sara Faiz Hanna Tasfy ◽

Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi ◽

Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽

Duvvria Subbarao ◽

Ahmed Elbagir

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Active Sites ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Hydrogenation Reaction ◽

Supported Metal Catalysts ◽

Metal Loading

Utilization of CO2 as a carbon source to produce valuable chemicals is one of the important ways to reduce the global warming caused by increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. Supported metal catalysts are crucial to produce clean and renewable fuels and chemicals from the stable CO2 molecules. The catalytic conversion of CO2 into methanol is recently under increased scrutiny as an opportunity to be used as a low-cost carbon source. Therefore, a series of the bimetallic Cu/ZnO-based catalyst supported by SBA-15 were synthesized via an impregnation technique with different total metal loading and tested in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The morphological and textural properties of the synthesized catalysts were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed desorption, reduction, oxidation and pulse chemisorption (TPDRO), and N2-adsorption. The CO2 hydrogenation reaction was performed in a microactivity fixed-bed system at 250oC, 2.25 MPa, and H2/CO2 ratio of 3. Experimental results showed that the catalytic structure and performance were strongly affected by the loading of the active site. Where, the catalytic activity, the methanol selectivity as well as the space-time yield increased with increasing the metal loading until it reaches the maximum values at a metal loading of 15 wt% while further addition of metal inhibits the catalytic performance. The higher catalytic activity of 14% and methanol selectivity of 92% was obtained over a Cu/ZnO-SBA-15 catalyst with a total bimetallic loading of 15 wt%. The excellent performance of 15 wt% Cu/ZnO-SBA-15 catalyst is attributed to the presence of well dispersed active sites with small particle size, higher Cu surface area, and lower catalytic reducibility.

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Molasses as an efficient low-cost carbon source for biological Cr(VI) removal

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Michail K. Michailides ◽

Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou ◽

Christos S. Akratos ◽

Sandra Coles ◽

Stavros Pavlou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Low Cost

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Use of an external organic carbon source in the removal of nitrates in bio-sand filters (BSFs)

Drinking Water Engineering and Science ◽

10.5194/dwes-10-119-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Crispen Mutsvangwa ◽

Evans Matope

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Low Income ◽

Potable Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Nitrate Removal ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Inflow Rate ◽

Sand Filters ◽

Initial Flow ◽

External Carbon Source

Abstract. Bio-sand filters (BSFs) are point-of-use (POU) potable water filtration systems commonly used in low-income communities at household level. The principle of operation is similar to that of a slow sand filter and the major difference is that they are operated intermittently at the POU. It is one of the emerging low-cost technologies which makes use of readily and locally available construction materials but is poor in the removal of nitrates. In order to enhance the removal of nitrates through denitrification, a modified BSF with ethanol as an external carbon source at C  /  N ratios of 1.1 and 1.8 was investigated. In the absence of an external carbon source, the nitrate removal efficiency was 32 %, whilst removal efficiencies at C   /   N ratios of 1.1 and 1.8 were 44 and 53 % respectively. The inflow rate reduced significantly from an initial flow rate of 0.04 to 0.01 m3 h−1. The reduction in the inflow rate was mainly due to the growth of the biological layer on the filter media. The study showed that the use of an external carbon source like ethanol in bio-sand filtration enhances the removal of nitrates in potable water.

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In vitro development of the Mexican endemic twig epiphyte Erycina hyalinobulbon (Orchidaceae) to promote its conservation

Acta Botanica Mexicana ◽

10.21829/abm128.2021.1808 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Tonatiuh Gutiérrez Zavala ◽

Irebe Ávila Díaz ◽

Rosa Elia Magaña Lemus

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Culture Media ◽

Low Cost ◽

Illegal Trade ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Short Life ◽

In Vitro Development ◽

Basal Salts ◽

Vitro Development

Background and Aims: Orchids in Mexico are mainly threatened by deforestation, changes in land use, illegal trade, deficiencies in environmental policy and legislation, and a lack of community participation in the conservation of their forests. Erycina hyalinobulbon is an endemic twig epiphyte orchid with a short life cycle and with large flowers in relation to its size, for which it has been harvested from its wild populations. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the in vitro development of E. hyalinobulbon in culture media with organic supplements, to compare sucrose vs. N’Joy Stevia® as a carbon source for its initial stages of development, and to evaluate the development of its seedlings in media enriched with plant growth regulators (PGR).Methods: For the sowing of seeds, PhytamaxTM and MS medium at 30% of its basal salts were used in combination with organic supplement (coconut milk, pineapple puree and banana puree), along with the Phy medium used as control. In order to measure the effect of sucrose vs. N´Joy Stevia® as a carbon source, these two treatments were used, with the PhytamaxTM medium. To evaluate the development of seedlings with PGR, three treatments were tested: the 100% PhytamaxTM control, 30% PhytamaxTM with 1.166 ml/l of Maxi-grow and the medium Chiu.Key results: PhytamaxTM medium added with banana promoted germination by 9.3%, being a low cost and easy production option. Ninety days after sowing, N´Joy Stevia® as a carbon source promoted germination by 8%. The best development of the seedlings was registered in the medium PhytamaxTM without PGR.Conclusions: With this study, it was possible to develop an accessible in vitro propagation system for E. hyalinobulbon, in order to sustainably manage it and favor its conservation.

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