Tephra from andesitic Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, NW Pacific: chronology of explosive eruptions and geochemical fingerprinting of volcanic glass

Detailed tephrochronological studies in Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, permitted documentation of 24 Holocene key-marker tephra layers related to the largest explosive eruptions from 11 volcanic centers. Each layer was traced for tens to hundreds of kilometers away from the source volcano; its stratigraphic position, area of dispersal, age, characteristic features of grain-size distribution, and chemical and mineral composition confirmed its identification. The most important marker tephra horizons covering a large part of the peninsula are (from north to south; ages given in14C yr B.P.) SH2(≈1000 yr B.P.) and SH3(≈1400 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano; KZ (≈7500 yr B.P.) from Kizimen volcano; KRM (≈7900 yr B.P.) from Karymsky caldera; KHG (≈7000 yr B.P.) from Khangar volcano; AV1(≈3500 yr B.P.), AV2(≈4000 yr B.P.), AV4(≈5500 yr B.P.), and AV5(≈5600 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano; OP (≈1500 yr B.P.) from the Baraniy Amfiteatr crater at Opala volcano; KHD (≈2800 yr B.P.) from the “maar” at Khodutka volcano; KS1(≈1800 yr B.P.) and KS2(≈6000 yr B.P.) from the Ksudach calderas; KSht3(A.D. 1907) from Shtyubel cone in Ksudach volcanic massif; and KO (≈7700 yr B.P.) from the Kuril Lake-Iliinsky caldera. Tephra layers SH5(≈2600 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano, AV3(≈4500 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano, OPtr(≈4600 yr B.P.) from Opala volcano, KS3(≈6100 yr B.P.) and KS4(≈8800 yr B.P.) from Ksudach calderas, KSht1(≈1100 yr B.P.) from Shtyubel cone, and ZLT (≈4600 yr B.P.) from Iliinsky volcano cover smaller areas and have local stratigraphic value, as do the ash layers from the historically recorded eruptions of Shiveluch (SH1964) and Bezymianny (B1956) volcanoes. The dated tephra layers provide a record of the most voluminous explosive events in Kamchatka during the Holocene and form a tephrochronological timescale for dating and correlating various deposits.

Download Full-text

The stratigraphy of a proximal late Hercynian pyroclastic sequence: the Vilancós region of the Pyrenees

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800018318 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 111-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. S. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Explosive Eruptions ◽

Rhyolite Lava ◽

Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽

Garnet Composition ◽

Spanish Pyrenees ◽

Volcanic Formation ◽

Flow Deposit ◽

Hercynian Orogeny ◽

Mass Flow Deposits ◽

Crustal Differentiation

AbstractVolcanic activity, the result of crustal differentiation during the Hercynian orogeny, generated eight explosive eruptions in the Vilancós region of the Spanish Pyrenees. The volcanic products comprise the Erill Castell Volcanic Formation of Stephanian age, which crops out as a 20 km long, WNW-trending strip < 2 km wide dipping steeply to the south.The Vilancós region represents a small fragment of an originally extensive regional terrain of silicic centres.The explosive eruptions mainly generated strongly peraluminous and phenocrystal garnet-bearing subaerial ignimbrite facies. Proximal intra-formational breccias represent a substantial volume of the preserved erupted product and one phreatoplinian deposit is exposed. Mass-flow deposits are common, and small-volume basalt, andesite and rhyolite lava flows, minor tuffs and palaesols also occur.Electron microprobe data show that each garnet-bearing member of the Vilancós region has a distinct garnet composition. This is used as geochemical fingerprinting tool to aid mapping and correlation between proximal intra-formational breccias and ignimbrite of the same eruption. Within one debris-flow deposit (the Vilancós Breccia Member) at least three garnet populations occur. Two of these are derived from pyroclastic members within the mapped region, the other comes from an unexposed rhyolite lava source.

Download Full-text

The role of calcium diffusion on high temperature SO2 uptake by volcanic glasses

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7102 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana S. Casas ◽

Fabian B. Wadsworth ◽

Paul M. Ayris ◽

Pierre Delmelle ◽

Jérémie Vasseur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Explosive Eruptions ◽

Preferential Formation ◽

Fe Content ◽

Potentiometric Titration Method ◽

Sulfate Salts ◽

Surficial Deposits

Glass-SO&#8322; reactions occurring at high temperatures in (terrestrial and extraterrestrial) volcanic environments have received increasing attention in the past years (e.g., Renggli and King 2018; Casas et al. 2019; Renggli et al. 2019), based on both natural and experimental observations. Laboratory studies carried out at high temperatures (>200 &#176;C) demonstrate that volcanic glass in the presence of SO&#8322; reacts to form surficial sulfate-bearing minerals (e.g., Ayris et al. 2013; Delmelle et al. 2018), mostly calcium sulfate salts (CaSO&#8324;). Thus, high temperature glass-SO&#8322; interaction acts as a sink for the magmatic S released during explosive volcanic activity, potentially impacting the S budget of large explosive eruptions. Here, we present the results of new experiments aimed at assessing the influence of the glass Ca content on SO2 uptake in the temperature range of 600-800 &#176;C. We exposed haplogranitic glasses to SO&#8322; for diverse time exposures (5-30 minutes). Rhyolitic composition was chosen due to the ubiquity of Si-rich magmas in large explosive eruptions (Cioni et al. 2000).The experimental glasses were synthesized with an initial HPG8 composition (see Holtz et al. 1992), doped with 1 and 2 wt.% CaO. Furthermore, the role of Fe was tested by doping the glasses with 0, 0.1, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt.% FeO and equilibrating them at 1500 &#176;C. Leachates of post-treated glasses were analyzed by ion chromatography in order to determine SO2-uptake and the nature of the sulfate-bearing minerals formed by solid-gas reactions. The bulk redox state of iron (Fe&#179;&#8314;/Fetotal), was obtained by the K&#8322;Cr&#8322;O&#8327; potentiometric titration method. Our results show a strong correlation between the amount of Ca in the glasses and the formation of CaSO&#8324; surficial deposits (i.e. SO&#8322; uptake), i.e. the HPG8 + 2 wt.% CaO treated samples produced up to 40 % more CaSO&#8324; than the samples containing 1 wt.% CaO. Higher Fe content in the glass also enhanced formation of CaSO&#8324;. In contrast, the absence of Fe oxide resulted in preferential formation of Na&#8322;SO&#8324; and K&#8322;SO&#8324;, when compared to the Fe-bearing specimens. Our experiments confirm that high temperature SO&#8322; uptake by glass is strongly dependent on the Ca content and temperature, with the optimal reaction temperatures being &#8805;600 &#176;C. Increasing the amount of FeO in the glasses seems to enhance SO2 uptake, although this effect appears to be different for Ca than for Na or K, pointing out a more complex influence of redox dynamics on cation diffusion.&#160;

Download Full-text

The Eyjafjallajökull AD 2010 eruption and the preservation of medium-sized eruptions in marine surface sediment offshore southern Iceland

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2017.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 386-406

Author(s):

Christina Bonanati ◽

Heidi Wehrmann ◽

Maxim Portnyagin ◽

Kaj Hoernle

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Surface Sediment ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Major Element Composition ◽

Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽

The North ◽

Marine Surface ◽

Glass Shards

AbstractThe recent volcanic eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011 demonstrated the risks that mediumsized explosive Icelandic eruptions pose to the North Atlantic region. Using the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption as a case study, we assess how traceable such eruptions are in the marine sedimentary record at medial distances from the source and investigate which factors have affected the particle transport to the marine sedimentary archive. During R/VPoseidoncruise 457, we recovered 13 box cores at 100–1600 m water depths and distances of 18–180 km southwest, south, and east of Iceland. Volcanic glass shards from the uppermost surface sediment were analyzed for their major element composition by electron microprobe and assigned to their eruptive source by geochemical fingerprinting. The predominantly basaltic particles are mostly derived from the Katla, Grímsvötn-Lakagígar, and Bárðarbunga-Veiðivötn volcanic systems. We also identified rhyolitic particles from the Askja 1875 and Öræfajökull 1362 eruptions. Only three out of almost 900 analyzed glass shards are derived from the recent Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption, suggesting that medium-sized eruptions are only poorly preserved in marine sediments located at medial distances southwest to east of Iceland. We conclude that the frequency of past medium-sized eruptions is likely higher than detectable in this archive.

Download Full-text

A 30,000 yr high-precision eruption history for the andesitic Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2016.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Magret Damaschke ◽

Shane J. Cronin ◽

Katherine A. Holt ◽

Mark S. Bebbington ◽

Alan G. Hogg

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Age Determination ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Explosive Volcanism ◽

Compositional Variation ◽

Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽

Glass Shard ◽

Geochemical Variations ◽

Tephra Layers

AbstractTephra layers from 11 sediment cores were examined from a series of closely spaced lake and peat sites, which form an arc around the andesitic stratovolcano Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. A new high-resolution composite tephra-deposition record was built, encompassing at least 228 tephra-producing eruptions over the last 30 cal ka BP and providing a basis for understanding variations in magnitude and frequency of explosive volcanism at a typical andesitic volcano. Intersite correlation and geochemical fingerprinting of almost all tephra layers was achieved using electron microprobe–determined titanomagnetite phenocryst and volcanic glass shard compositions, in conjunction with precise age determination of the tephra layers based on continuous down-core radiocarbon dating. Compositional variation within these data allowed the overall eruption record to be divided into six individual tephra sequences. This geochemical/stratigraphic division provides a broad basis for widening correlation to incomplete tephra sequences, with confident correlations to specific, distal Taranaki-derived tephra layers found as far as 270 km from the volcano. Furthermore, this tephrostratigraphical record is one of the most continuous and detailed for an andesitic stratovolcano. It suggests two general patterns of magmatic evolution, characterized by intricate geochemical variations indicating a complex storage and plumbing system beneath the volcano.

Download Full-text

Large explosive eruptions of shiveluch volcano, kamchatka resulting in partial destruction of the extrusive dome (February 28, 2005 and October 27, 2010)

Journal of Volcanology and Seismology ◽

10.1134/s0742046313020061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 131-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. A. Zharinov ◽

Yu. V. Demyanchuk

Keyword(s):

Explosive Eruptions ◽

Shiveluch Volcano ◽

Extrusive Dome ◽

Partial Destruction

Download Full-text

Cryptotephra from Lipari Volcano in the eastern Gulf of Taranto (Italy) as a time marker for paleoclimatic studies

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2018.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 520-532

Author(s):

Valerie Menke ◽

Steffen Kutterolf ◽

Carina Sievers ◽

Julie Christin Schindlbeck ◽

Gerhard Schmiedl

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽

Glass Shard ◽

Shelf Sediments ◽

Age Model ◽

Tephra Layers ◽

Glass Shards

AbstractWe present the first tephroanalysis based on geochemical fingerprinting of volcanic glass shards from eastern Apulian shelf sediments in the Gulf of Taranto (Italy). High sedimentation rates in the gulf are ideal for high-resolution paleoclimate studies, which rely on accurate age models. Cryptotephrostratigraphy is a novel tool for the age assessment of marine sediment cores in the absence of discrete tephra layers. High-resolution quantitative analysis of glass shard abundance in the uppermost 45 cm of a gravity core identified two cryptotephras. Microprobe analysis of glass shards supported by an accelerator mass spectrometry 14C–based age model identified the pronounced primary cryptotephra at 36 cm bsf (below sea floor) as the felsic AD 776 Monte Pilato Eruption on the island of Lipari, whereas the thinner, mafic tephra layer at 1.5 cm bsf is associated with the AD 1944 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius. Identifying these tephra layers provides an additional, 14C-independent, stratigraphic framework for further paleoclimatic studies allowing us to link Mediterranean climate and hydrology to orbital variation and large-scale atmospheric processes. Our results underline the importance of qualitative tephrostratigraphy in a highly geodynamic region, where solely quantitative approaches have demonstrated to bear a high potential for false correlations between tephra layers and eruptions.

Download Full-text