Ploidy level and origin of the European invasive weed Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 243 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lafuma ◽  
K. Balkwill ◽  
E. Imbert ◽  
R. Verlaque ◽  
S. Maurice
2001 ◽  
Vol 228 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Amsellem ◽  
M.-H. Chevallier ◽  
M. Hossaert-McKey

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mila Prieto ◽  
Guillermo Corredor Sanchez

<p>En el Centro de Investigaciones Tibaitatá de CORPOICA, en el municipio de Mosquera (Cundinamarca), entre febrero y julio de 2002, se analizó la dinámica de crecimiento de una pradera de pasto kikuyo (<em>Pennisetum clandestinum</em>) sometida a seis tratamientos de escarificación mecánica y tres niveles de compost, durante dos periodos estacionales, empleando un diseño de parcelas divididas. Tuvo lugar una mayor producción de biomasa en el segundo período de evaluación. Para el análisis de la composición botánica se hizo un análisis de medidas repetidas en el tiempo con comparación de medias Waller–Duncan (Steel y Torrie, 1990), a diferentes edades de crecimiento y para todos los componentes de las muestras. Por el efecto inicial de la escarificación mecánica, se encontró que en el primer período y hasta los 45 días de crecimiento de la pradera, el componente más cuantioso de las muestras en los diferentes tratamientos fue el material muerto. El pasto kikuyo inició una fase de crecimiento rápido a partir del día 45 y su producción de biomasa superó notablemente la cantidad de material muerto. Después de los tratamientos el pasto kikuyo constituyó el 80% de la producción de materia seca de la pradera, mientras que la escarificación mecánica y la aplicación de compost no afectaron la población de leguminosas. Respecto del componente de malezas, la biomasa del arvense <em>Senecio inaequidens </em>(“escobilla”), planta agresiva y nociva en los potreros, bajó de 38% en la pradera degradada a 1% en la pradera recuperada. Los tratamientos de recuperación permitieron un rápido desarrollo del pasto kikuyo, cuya cobertura pasó de 36% a 59% al finalizar el segundo período (a 150 días de iniciados los tratamientos). Los resultados también indican que mediante las prácticas para recuperación de praderas implementadas se puede ejercer un control cultural eficiente de arvenses, principalmente de <em>Senecio inaequidens</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evolution of the botanic composition in a kikuyu grass (<em>Pennisetum clandestinum</em>) meadow recovered through mechanic harrowing and compost fertilization treatments.</strong></p><p>This study reports growth dynamics of Kikuyu grass (<em>Pennisetum clandestinum</em>) grown in Tibaitatá Research Station (CORPOICA, Colombia) as affected by pasture recovery methods. The evaluation was carried out in 2002 at two seasonal periods, under the effect of six treatments of mechanical soil loosening and three treatments of compost addition in a split-plot design. Results showed a greater biomass production in the second seasonal period. For the botanical composition analysis, using a measurement repeated in time design with means compared by the Waller Duncan method. Comparisons included different growth stages for all the samples. Due to the mechanical loosening treatment, and until the first 45 days of growth, the most abundant component in the different samples was dead material. After day 45 growth of Kikuyu grass was very fast presenting the highest biomass production among all components. After treatment application, the grass reached 80% of the total dry matter production. The mechanical loosening and the compost treatment application did not affect the legumes population. The pasture restoration treatments increased Kikuyu cover from 36% in the control pasture to 59% in the treated plots at the end of the second season, and as a result, the population of <em>Senecio inaequidens </em>(invasive weed) decreased from 38% to only 1%, demonstrating the potential use of pasture recovery measurements as a weed control method.</p>


2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Castro ◽  
João Loureiro ◽  
Conceição Santos ◽  
Mohammed Ater ◽  
Garbiñe Ayensa ◽  
...  

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2768-2773
Author(s):  
Yonglin He ◽  
Yixue Mo ◽  
Dehong Zheng ◽  
Qiqin Li ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
...  

Bidens pilosa is an invasive weed that threatens the growth of crops and biodiversity in China. In 2017, suspected bacterial wilt of B. pilosa was discovered in Qinzhou and Beihai, Guangxi, China. A variety of weeds are considered as reservoirs harboring bacterial wilt pathogens, but most do not show obvious symptoms in the field. Identifying the classification status of the B. pilosa bacterial wilt pathogen and exploring its geographical origin might be helpful for clarifying the role of weeds in the circulation of the disease. Phylotyping, sequevar analysis, and cross inoculation of pathogens isolated from B. pilosa and nearby peanut (Arachis hypogaea), balsam gourd (Momordica charantia), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus robusta) plants were carried out. Three isolates of B. pilosa (Bp01, Bp02, and Bp03) were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, race 1, biovar 3, and phylotype I, and belonged to sequevars 17 and 44, and an unknown sequevar. The sequevars isolated from B. pilosa were not completely consistent with those of the nearby hosts, and the virulence of these isolates differed when cross inoculated. The Bp03 sequevar was different from peanut isolate sequevars in the same field and was not identical to any previously designated sequevars. The isolates from B. pilosa and other nearby hosts displayed low or no virulence toward their cross hosts (with wilt incidences less than 33.33%). An exception to this was the isolates from B. pilosa, which displayed high virulence toward eucalyptus (with a wilt incidence of 70.00 to 100.00%). This is the first report of different sequevars of R. pseudosolanacearum causing typical bacterial wilt symptoms in B. pilosa in the field.


Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Oustric ◽  
Radia Lourkisti ◽  
Stéphane Herbette ◽  
Raphaël Morillon ◽  
Gilles Paolacci ◽  
...  

Current climatic upheavals reduce water availability which impacts the growth and fruit quality of plants. In citrus crops, scion/rootstock combinations are used to ensure high fruit production and quality and a stress tolerance/resistance. Our objective was to assess the effect on the clementine scion (C) under natural mild water deficit of (i) polyploid rootstocks by comparing the allotetraploid FlhorAG1 (C/4xFLs; trifoliate orange + Willowleaf mandarin) with its diploid parents, trifoliate orange (C/2xTOs), and Willowleaf mandarin (C/2xWLs), and with a diploid genotype used as reference (Carrizo citrange, C/2xCCs), (ii) rootstock propagation methods by comparing trifoliate orange seedling (C/2xTOs) with cutting (C/2xTOc). A mild water deficit observed under orchard conditions during the summer period (July–August) induced a significant change in yield (except in C/2xTOs), fruit size, and quality. C/2xCCs, C/2xTOs, and C/2xWLs appeared less affected by water deficit as indicated by their lower reduction of predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), relative water content (RWC), transpiration (E), and photosynthetic parameters (Pnet and gs). Their greater redox balance was probably due to their better antioxidant efficiency. Seedling rootstocks lead to a better adaptation of clementine scions to water deficit than cutting or allotetraploid rootstock. Improving the tolerance to water deficit requires taking into consideration the rootstock genotype, propagation method, and ploidy level.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽  
Maor Matzrafi

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.


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