The spatial distribution of deposited seeding material in the Earth boundary layer during weather modification

2012 ◽  
Vol 118 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ćurić ◽  
D. Janc
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Weather Modification ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Seeding Material

scholarly journals Photometric Axis Measurements of the Zodiacal Light at Large Elongations

1980 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
H. Tanabe ◽  
A. Takechi ◽  
A. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Zodiacal Light ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Photoelectric Measurements ◽  
Ecliptic Longitude

Measurement of the position of the photometric axis of the zodiacal light at large elongations (90 ° < λ − λ⊙ < 270°; λ:ecliptic longitude, λ⊙: ecliptic longitude of the sun) provides information about the spatial distribution of the interplanetary dust outside the orbit of the Earth. However, modern photoelectric measurements in this part are scarce, except for the Gegenschein region, because of the observational difficulty due to faintness of this part of the zodiacal light.

scholarly journals Set of Algorithms and Techniques for Accurate 3D, Single Beam – Single Pointing, Lidar Measurements for Slant Range Visibility, Planetary Boundary Layer Height and Wind Speed Retrieval, Atmospheric Layers Spatial Distribution and Categorization in Real Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Alexandros Pantazis ◽  
Alexandros Papayannis
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Slant Range ◽  
Boundary Layer Height

In this work, a full set of recently developed algorithms and techniques is presented, for a single beam-single pointing lidar to be able to perform operational and independent accurate 3 Dimensional (3D) measurements, for slant range visibility, wind speed retrieval, atmospheric layers spatial distribution and categorization, as well as Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) retrieval, in real or Near Real Time (NRT).The idea behind this development was for any single lidar to be able to perform a set of accurately measured products, either mobile or stationary, with or without network connectivity with other sensors for data-information exchange. The products were determined by the needs of lidar remote scientific and commercial community, in order to be even more attractive and valuable to atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, aviation and shipping safety operators, as well as to the Space lidar community.

scholarly journals Ocean Contributions to the Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Budget

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Nicholas Meskhidze ◽  
Matthew Salter ◽  
Karine Sellegri ◽  
Scott Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Science Community

Projections of future climate remain an important scientific goal for much of the Earth science community [...]

On the nature of the galactic 2CG y-ray sources

1981 ◽  
Vol 301 (1462) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radio Pulsars ◽  
The Earth

The identification of two y-ray sources of the COS-B catalogue with radio pulsars is used as an important hint for the identification of the rest of the population. The relevant distributions of y-ray pulsars visible at the Sun within the limiting sensitivity of COS-B are derived on the following assumptions: (i) the y-ray luminosity is a decreasing power law of the pulsar age, as indicated by current models; (ii) the scale height of pulsars at creation is equal to that of the supernova remnants; (iii) the pulsars’ birth rate and spatial distribution are those published by Taylor & Manchester (1977). As a preliminary result it is shown that 10 to 20 y-ray pulsars may be visible from the Earth with distributional parameters not distinguishable from those of the 2CG y-ray sources. We suggest therefore that a significant fraction of the unidentified galactic y-ray sources are pulsars.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGETIC HEAVY IONS NEAR THE EARTH

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HAREYAMA ◽  
N. HASEBE ◽  
K. SAKURAI ◽  
S. KODAIRA ◽  
N. KAJIWARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals Region-1 field aligned currents in experiments on laser-produced plasma interacting with magnetic dipole

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S274) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
I. F. Shaikhislamov ◽  
Yu. P. Zakharov ◽  
V. G. Posukh ◽  
E. L. Boyarintsev ◽  
A. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Field Aligned Current ◽  
Low Latitude Boundary Layer

AbstractIn previous experiments by the authors a generation of intense field aligned current (FAC) system on Terrella poles was observed. In the present report a question of these currents origin in a low latitude boundary layer of magnetosphere is investigated. Experimental evidence of such a link was obtained by measurements of magnetic field generated by tangential sheared drag. Results suggest that compressional and Alfven waves are responsible for FAC generation. The study is most relevant to FAC generation in the Earth and Hermean magnetospheres following pressure jumps in Solar Wind.

Connectivity Calculation Method of the Simulation Entities Based on Geographical Information Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 2738-2742
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Gang Wan ◽  
Zong Pei Zhang ◽  
Jin Min Liao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Grid Simulation ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Information Grid ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Geographical information grid can not only manage geospatial data, but also can manage the spatial distribution of 3-dimensional simulation entities. Using geographical information grid technology could divided the earth into different resolution of global series of geographic grid, registering the grid according to the geographical coordinates and technique index of simulation entities, building space position relations between entities, , improving the computation efficiency of connectivity test of simulation entity based on geographic grid simulation entity beforehand.

Characterizing precipitation in convective cloud regimes in the trades with the polarimetric C-band radar POLDIRAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hagen ◽  
Florian Ewald ◽  
Silke Groß ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Lothar Oswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Cloud Microphysics ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
The Earth

&lt;p&gt;Low-level clouds in the trade regions play an important role in the Earth&amp;#8217;s climate system since they have a considerable influence on the Earth&amp;#8217;s radiation budget. However, the understanding of the coupling between cloud dynamics, cloud microphysics, and mesoscale organization is limited. This results in a large uncertainty in current climate predictions. Despite the importance, observations in these regions are limited. Geostationary satellites cannot provide high resolution three-dimensional details of clouds and precipitation. Polar orbiting satellites like the A-Train satellites Cloudsat and Calipso or the upcoming EarthCARE satellite do provide detailed profiles of cloud properties, but the temporal evolution cannot be observed. On the other hand, long range weather radar observations can provide both, high spatial and temporal observations, however not many weather radar do cover the trades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the Eurec4a campaign DLRs C-band polarimetric weather radar POLDIRAD was installed on the island of Barbados. The scope of the radar measurements is manifold:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will provide high resolution observations of the different mesoscale cloud patterns as observed from satellites: Flowers, Gravel, Fish, and Sugar. Will the mesoscale organization have an influence on observable microphysical properties?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will put the detailed measurements by aircraft (in situ and remote sensing) into a greater context. How are the aircraft measurements related to the spatial distribution of the precipitation pattern? How are the aircraft measurements related to the temporal evolution of the precipitation pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will put the observed profiles of clouds and precipitation at the Barbados Cloud Observatory BCO at Deebles Point into a greater context. How are the profile measurements related to the spatial distribution of the precipitation pattern? How are the profile measurements related to the temporal evolution of the precipitation pattern?&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals δ<sup>18</sup>O water isotope in the <i>i</i>LOVECLIM model (version 1.0) – Part 2: Evaluation of model results against observed δ<sup>18</sup>O in water samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1493-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Roche ◽  
T. Caley
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
System Model ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rayleigh Distillation ◽  
Water Isotope ◽  
Equilibrium Simulation

Abstract. The H218O stable isotope was previously introduced in the three coupled components of the earth system model iLOVECLIM: atmosphere, ocean and vegetation. The results of a long (5000 yr) pre-industrial equilibrium simulation are presented and evaluated against measurement of H218O abundance in present-day water for the atmospheric and oceanic components. For the atmosphere, it is found that the model reproduces the observed spatial distribution and relationships to climate variables with some merit, though limitations following our approach are highlighted. Indeed, we obtain the main gradients with a robust representation of the Rayleigh distillation but caveats appear in Antarctica and around the Mediterranean region due to model limitation. For the oceanic component, the agreement between the modelled and observed distribution of water δ18O is found to be very good. Mean ocean surface latitudinal gradients are faithfully reproduced as well as the mark of the main intermediate and deep water masses. This opens large prospects for the applications in palaeoclimatic context.

scholarly journals Distributed wind measurements with multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles in the atmospheric boundary layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3795-3814
Author(s):  
Tamino Wetz ◽  
Norman Wildmann ◽  
Frank Beyrich
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract. In this study, a fleet of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is presented as a system to measure the spatial distribution of atmospheric boundary layer flow. The big advantage of this approach is that multiple and flexible measurement points in space can be sampled synchronously. The algorithm to obtain horizontal wind speed and direction is designed for hovering flight phases and is based on the principle of aerodynamic drag and the related quadrotor dynamics. During the FESST@MOL campaign at the boundary layer field site (Grenzschichtmessfeld, GM) Falkenberg of the Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory – Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), 76 calibration and validation flights were performed. The 99 m tower equipped with cup and sonic anemometers at the site is used as the reference for the calibration of the wind measurements. The validation with an independent dataset against the tower anemometers reveals that an average accuracy of σrms<0.3 m s−1 for the wind speed and σrms,ψ<8∘ for the wind direction was achieved. Furthermore, we compare the spatial distribution of wind measurements with the fleet of quadrotors to the tower vertical profiles and Doppler wind lidar scans. We show that the observed shear in the vertical profiles matches well with the tower and the fluctuations on short timescales agree between the systems. Flow structures that appear in the time series of a line-of-sight measurement and a two-dimensional vertical scan of the lidar can be observed with the fleet of quadrotors and are even sampled with a higher resolution than the deployed lidar can provide.

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