Spatial analysis of daily rainfall intensity and concentration index in Peninsular Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamaludin Suhaila ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jemain
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia

scholarly journals Spatial Interpolation on Rainfall Data over Peninsular Malaysia Using Ordinary Kriging

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Jamaludin ◽  
Hanisah Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Two Indices

This study presents the spatial analysis of the rainfall data over Peninsular Malaysia. 70 rainfall stations were utilized in this study. Due to the limited number of rainfall stations, the Ordinary Kriging method which is one of the techniques in Spatial Interpolation was used to estimate the values of the rainfall data and to map their spatial distribution. This spatial analysis was analysed according to the two indices that describe the wet events and another two indices that characterize dry conditions. Large areas at the east experienced high rainfall intensity compared to the areas in the west, northwest and southwest. The small value that has been obtained in Aridity Intensity Index (AII) reflects that the high amount of rainfall in the eastern areas is not contributed by low-intensity events (less than 25th percentile). In terms of number of consecutive dry days, Northwestern areas in Peninsular Malaysia recorded the highest value. This finding explains the occurrence of a large number of floods and soil erosions in the eastern areas.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the daily precipitation concentration index in Algeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Benhamrouche ◽  
D. Boucherf ◽  
R. Hamadache ◽  
L. Bendahmane ◽  
J. Martin-Vide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Precipitation Concentration ◽  
Northern Country ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Erosive Capacity

Abstract. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the daily precipitation concentration index (CI) in Algeria (south Mediterranean Sea) has been assessed. CI is an index related to the rainfall intensity and erosive capacity; therefore, this index is of great interest for studies on torrential rainfall and floods. Forty-two daily rainfall series based on high-quality and fairly regular rainfall records for the period from 1970 to 2008 were used. The daily precipitation CI results allowed the identification of three climate zones: the northern country, characterized by coastal regions with CI values between 0.59 and 0.63; the highlands, with values between 0.57 and 0.62, except for the region of Biskra (CI = 0.70); and the southern region of the country, with high rainfall concentrations with values between 0.62 and 0.69.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves of Peninsular Malaysia under Changing Climate Scenarios

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noor ◽  
Tarmizi Ismail ◽  
Eun-Sung Chung ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Jang Sung
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

This study developed a methodological framework to update the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves under climate change scenarios. A model output statistics (MOS) method is used to downscale the daily rainfall of general circulation models (GCMs), and an artificial neural network (ANN) is employed for the disaggregation of projected daily rainfall to hourly maximum rainfall, which is then used for the development of IDF curves. Finally, the 1st quartiles, medians, and 3rd quartiles of projected rainfall intensities are estimated for developing IDF curves with uncertainty level. Eight GCM simulations under two radiative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios, namely, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, are used in the proposed framework for the projection of IDF curves with related uncertainties for peninsular Malaysia. The projection of rainfall revealed an increase in the annual average rainfall throughout the present century. The comparison of the projected IDF curves for the period 2006–2099 with that obtained using GCM hindcasts for the based period (1971–2005) revealed an increase in rainfall intensity for shorter durations and a decrease for longer durations. The uncertainty in rainfall intensity for different return periods for shorter duration is found to be 2 to 6 times more compared to longer duration rainfall, which indicates that a large increase in rainfall intensity for short durations projected by GCMs is highly uncertain for peninsular Malaysia. The IDF curves developed in this study can be used for the planning of climate resilient urban water storm water management infrastructure in Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Wet and Dry Spells across India during 1951–2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nityanand Singh ◽  
Ashwini Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Dry Spells

Abstract Characteristics of wet spells (WSs) and intervening dry spells (DSs) are extremely useful for water-related sectors. The information takes on greater significance in the wake of global climate change and climate-change scenario projections. The features of 40 parameters of the rainfall time distribution as well as their extremes have been studied for two wet and dry spells for 19 subregions across India using gridded daily rainfall available on 1° latitude × 1° longitude spatial resolution for the period 1951–2007. In a low-frequency-mode, intra-annual rainfall variation, WS (DS) is identified as a “continuous period with daily rainfall equal to or greater than (less than) daily mean rainfall (DMR) of climatological monsoon period over the area of interest.” The DMR shows significant spatial variation from 2.6 mm day−1 over the extreme southeast peninsula (ESEP) to 20.2 mm day−1 over the southern-central west coast (SCWC). Climatologically, the number of WSs (DSs) decreases from 11 (10) over the extreme south peninsula to 4 (3) over northwestern India as a result of a decrease in tropical and oceanic influences. The total duration of WSs (DSs) decreases from 101 (173) to 45 (29) days, and the duration of individual WS (DS) from 12 (18) to 7 (11) days following similar spatial patterns. Broadly, the total rainfall of wet and dry spells, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity of actual and extreme wet and dry spells, are high over orographic regions and low over the peninsula, Indo-Gangetic plains, and northwest dry province. The rainfall due to WSs (DSs) contributes ∼68% (∼17%) to the respective annual total. The start of the first wet spell is earlier (19 March) over ESEP and later (22 June) over northwestern India, and the end of the last wet spell occurs in reverse, that is, earlier (12 September) from northwestern India and later (16 December) from ESEP. In recent years/decades, actual and extreme WSs are slightly shorter and their rainfall intensity higher over a majority of the subregions, whereas actual and extreme DSs are slightly (not significantly) longer and their rainfall intensity weaker. There is a tendency for the first WS to start approximately six days earlier across the country and the last WS to end approximately two days earlier, giving rise to longer duration of rainfall activities by approximately four days. However, a spatially coherent, robust, long-term trend (1951–2007) is not seen in any of the 40 WS/DS parameters examined in the present study.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL RAINFALL DISAGGREGATION BY A SIMPLE RANDOM CASCADE MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mariam Saad ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jemain ◽  
Noriszura Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Cascade Models ◽  
Log Normal

This study evaluates the utility and suitability of a simple discrete multiplicative random cascade model for temporal rainfall disaggregation. Two of a simple random cascade model, namely log-Poisson and log-Normal  models are applied to simulate hourly rainfall from daily rainfall at seven rain gauge stations in Peninsular Malaysia. The cascade models are evaluated based on the capability to simulate data that preserve three important properties of observed rainfall: rainfall variability, intermittency and extreme events. The results show that both cascade models are able to simulate reasonably well the commonly used statistical measures for rainfall variability (e.g. mean and standard deviation) of hourly rainfall. With respect to rainfall intermittency, even though both models are underestimated, the observed dry proportion, log-Normal  model is likely to simulate number of dry spells better than log-Poisson model. In terms of rainfall extremes, it is demonstrated that log-Poisson and log-Normal  models gave a satisfactory performance for most of the studied stations herein, except for Dungun and Kuala Krai stations, which both located in the east part of Peninsula.

scholarly journals Development of Temporal Rainfall Pattern for Southern Region of Sarawak

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmina A. Bustami ◽  
Nor Azalina Rosli ◽  
Jethro Henry Adam ◽  
Kuan Pei Li
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Urban Storm ◽  
Australian Rainfall

 In the process of a design rainfall, information on rainfall duration, average rainfall intensity and temporal rainfall pattern is important. This study focuses on developing a temporal rainfall pattern for the Southern region of Sarawak since temporal pattern for Sarawak is yet to be available in the Malaysian Urban Storm Water Management Manual (MSMA), which publishes temporal pattern for design storms only for Peninsular Malaysia. The recommended technique by the Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R) known as the ‘Average Variability Method’ and method in Hydrological Procedure No.1-1982 are used to derive design rainfall temporal pattern for the study. Rainfall data of 5 minutes interval from year 1998 to year 2006 for 7 selected rainfall stations in the selected region is obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). The temporal rainfall patterns developed are for 10 minutes,15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes and 360 minutes duration. The results show that Southern region of Sarawak has an exclusive rainfall pattern, which is different from the pattern developed for Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals Assessment of Rainfall Thresholds for Rain-Induced Landslide Activity in North Sikkim Road Corridor in Sikkim Himalaya, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bappaditya Koley ◽  
Anindita Nath ◽  
Subhajit Saraswati ◽  
Kaushik Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Ray
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Sikkim Himalaya ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Land sliding is a perennial problem in the Eastern Himalayas. Out of 0.42 million km2 of Indian landmass prone to landslide, 42% fall in the North East Himalaya, specially Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalaya. Most of these landslides are triggered by excessive monsoon rainfall between June and October in almost every year. Various attempts in the global scenario have been made to establish rainfall thresholds in terms of intensity – duration of antecedent rainfall models on global, regional and local scale for triggering of the landslide. This paper describes local aspect of rainfall threshold for landslides based on daily rainfall data in and around north Sikkim road corridor region. Among 210 Landslides occurring from 2010 to 2016 were studied to analyze rainfall thresholds. Out of the 210 landslides, however, only 155 Landslides associated with rainfall data which were analyzed to yield a threshold relationship between rainfall intensity-duration and landslide initiation. The threshold relationship determined fits to lower boundary of the Landslide triggering rainfall events is I = 4.045 D - 0.25 (I=rainfall intensity (mm/h) and D=duration in (h)), revealed that for rainfall event of short time (24 h) duration with a rainfall intensity of 1.82 mm/h, the risk of landslides on this road corridor of the terrain is expected to be high. It is also observed that an intensity of 58 mm and 139 mm for 10-day and 20-day antecedent rainfall are required for the initiation of landslides in the study area. This threshold would help in improvement on traffic guidance and provide safety to the travelling tourists in this road corridor during the monsoon.

scholarly journals A comparative study of different imputation methods for daily rainfall data in east-coast Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mariana Che Mat Nor ◽  
Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin ◽  
Shuhaida Ismail ◽  
Nurul Hila Zainuddin ◽  
Mou Leong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient

Rainfall data are the most significant values in hydrology and climatology modelling. However, the datasets are prone to missing values due to various issues. This study aspires to impute the rainfall missing values by using various imputation method such as Replace by Mean, Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Non-linear Interactive Partial Least-Square (NIPALS) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Daily rainfall datasets from 48 rainfall stations across east-coast Peninsular Malaysia were used in this study. The dataset were then fed into Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model. The performance of abovementioned methods were evaluated using Root Mean Square Method (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (CE). The experimental results showed that RF coupled with MLR (RF-MLR) approach was attained as more fitting for satisfying the missing data in east-coast Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals CONCENTRAÇÃO DIÁRIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA BACIA DO ALTO IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL - CONCENTRATION INDEX OF RAINFALL IN THE UPPER BASIN IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Gabriela Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Javier Martin Vide
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
South Of Brazil

A Bacia do Alto Iguaçu/Paraná, localizada no sul do Brasil, encontra-se exposta a riscos derivados das inundações, sobretudo nos meses de verão (dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro). Durante este período a bacia experimenta precipitações convectivas associadas a sistemas frontais juntamente com o aquecimento local. Además, as precipitações convectivas estão associadas com a entrada de umidade procedente do norte do Brasil. Dada a sua concentração e seu grande volume total, o conhecimento da precipitação em escala diária é essencial para o planejamento e gestão da bacia. Em particular, a compreensão dos padrões de precipitação diária torna-se essencial para o planejamento e gestão do território, assim como para a conservação dos recursos naturais. Com base no conhecimento da área de estudo, este trabalho utiliza o índice de concentração da precipitação (CI) para determinar os potencias impactos da precipitação diária. O índice foi aplicado para 18 estações meteorológicas com dados homogeneizados de qualidade, para o período de 1980 a 2010. Os valores foram calculados considerando os totais e a sazonalidade, com o intuito de verificar possíveis variações. Os valores do índice de concentração, foram altos durante o outono e inverno, já durante a primavera e o verão, apresentaram-se moderados.ABSTRACTThe Upper Iguaçu Basin/Paraná, located in the South of Brazil, is exposed to flood risk, mainly during summer months (December, January and February). During this period, the basin undergoes convective precipitation associated with frontal systems with local heating. Besides that, the convective precipitation is related to the moisture entrance from the North of Brazil. Given its concentration at time and large total volume, the knowledge of the resolution of daily rainfall is very important. Particularly, the comprehension of the daily rainfall patterns is essential for planning and management of land and to the conservation of natural resources. Based on area knowledge, this paper uses the concentration index (IC) to determine the potential impacts of daily rainfall. The index was applied in 18 meteorological stations within homogenized quality for the period 1970-2010. The values were calculated considering the the total amount and the sazonality, with the purpose of check possible variations.The values of the Concentration Index were high during fall and winter, and during summer and spring it reveals to be moderate.

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