scholarly journals Investigating the association between family connectedness and self-control in adolescence in a genetically sensitive design

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692
Author(s):  
Yayouk E. Willems ◽  
Odilia M. Laceulle ◽  
Meike Bartels ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Family connectedness is key for the development of self-control in early and middle childhood. But is family connectedness still important during the transitional phase of adolescence, when adolescents demand more independence from their parents and rely more on their peers? The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between family connectedness and self-control, and whether it still holds in adolescence using a genetically sensitive design. Data were used from a large sample of twins aged 14 (N = 11,260) and aged 16 (N = 8175), all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. We applied bivariate twin models and monozygotic twin difference models to investigate the association between family connectedness and self-control and to unravel to what extent genetic and environmental factors explain this association. The results showed that more family connectedness is significantly related to better self-control in adolescence, albeit with a small effect size. Twin analyses revealed that this association was mainly explained by common genetic factors and that the effects of environmental factors were small. The current findings confirm the role of family connectedness in adolescent self-control. Importantly, however, the results demonstrate that phenomena we see within families seem the product of parent and children sharing the same genes rather than being exclusively attributable to environmental processes.

Manuscript Family Connectedness and Self-Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayouk Willems ◽  
Odilia Laceulle ◽  
Meike Bartels ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Objective: Family connectedness is key for the development of self-control in early and middle childhood. But is family connectedness still important during the transitional phase of adolescence, when adolescents demand more independence from their parents and rely more on their peers? The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between family connectedness and self-control, and whether it still holds in adolescence using a genetically sensitive design. Method: Data were used from a large sample of twins aged 14 (N=11,260) and aged 16 (N=8,175), all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. We applied bivariate twin models and monozygotic twin difference models to investigate the association between family connectedness and self-control and to unravel to what extent genetic and environmental factors explain this association. Results: The results showed that more family connectedness is significantly related to better self-control in adolescence, albeit with a small effect size. Twin analyses revealed that this association was mainly explained by common genetic factors and that the effects of environmental factors were small.Conclusions: The current findings confirm the role of family connectedness in adolescent self-control. Importantly however, the results demonstrate that phenomena we see within families seem the product of parent and children sharing the same genes rather than being exclusively attributable to environmental processes.

scholarly journals Importance of Maternal Persistence in Young Children's Persistence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Imafuku ◽  
Atsuko Saito ◽  
Kenchi Hosokawa ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya ◽  
Chihiro Hosoda
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Persistence of a distant goal is an important personality trait that determines academic and social success. Recent studies have shown that individual differences in persistence involve both genetic and environmental factors; however, these studies have not examined the role of maternal factors on a young children's persistence. The present study examined whether mothers' persistence is associated with persistence in children aged 3–6 years. In addition, the associations between mothers' persistence/parenting style and children's self-control/social development (prosocial behaviors and difficulties) were examined. Our results showed that maternal persistence is essential for the child's persistence. Children's self-control and social development were also associated with the mothers' persistence and parenting style. Our findings suggest that a young child's persistence may develop under the influence of a familiar adult (i.e., mother) and characterizes their social development, highlighting the importance of persistence in parenting.

scholarly journals Parent–Child Relations, Conduct Problems and Cigarette Use in Adolescence: Examining the Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Patterns of Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Shelton ◽  
Gordon T. Harold ◽  
Tom A. Fowler ◽  
Frances J. Rice ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Parent Child Relations ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of “Conjugal” Polymyalgia Rheumatica after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Rheumato ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Elena Vanni ◽  
Jacopo Ciaffi ◽  
Luana Mancarella ◽  
Francesco Ursini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Asia Syndrome ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The rare occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in married couples has been reported in the literature. Susceptibility to PMR is contributed by genetic and environmental factors and cases of PMR developing after influenza vaccine have also been described, in a debated phenomenon known as ‘ASIA’ syndrome. We report the case of two cohabitating married patients developing PMR few weeks after the first dose of ChAdOx1-S SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Both patients presented with typical symptoms suggestive of PMR. Laboratory findings and ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis. Glucocorticoid therapy led to rapid improvment of symptoms. Anti-receptor-binding domain IgG titre was tested and, eight weeks after vaccination, both patients showed no antibody response. It has been suggested that vaccines might trigger autoimmune or inflammatory states in predisposed individuals and various hypotheses have been made regarding the pathogenesis of PMR. Although the causative effect of vaccines cannot be determined, the close temporal correlation observed in our case supports the potential role of environmental factors in triggering the onset of PMR. However, the literature indicates that post-COVID19 vaccination immune-mediated or inflammatory adverse events are extremely rare and vaccination should be encouraged since the benefit largely outweighs possible risks.

scholarly journals Eye Rubbing and Keratoconus: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hawkes ◽  
Mayank A Nanavaty
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Developed World

ABSTRACT Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectactic condition that can lead to visual loss. Despite being the most common cause for keratoplasty in the developed world the aetiology is unknown. It is thought to be multifactorial, with genetic and environmental factors implicated. The association of eye rubbing and pathogenesis of keratoconus has been well documented. In this review, we collate the existing literature and summarize the current knowledge of the role of eye rubbing in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. How to cite this article Hawkes E, Nanavaty MA. Eye Rubbing and Keratoconus: A Literature Review. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(3):118-121.

Dyslexia: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Snowling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Dyslexia: A Very Short Introduction provides an accessible overview of the innovative research surrounding dyslexia, beginning with its history, and drawing on the experiences of children and adults with dyslexia today. Considering the skills involved in learning to read, and looking at the role of genetic and environmental factors including the language of learning, this VSI discusses the causes of dyslexia and its associated risk factors. Discussing the various brain-scanning techniques that have been used to find out if the brains of people with dyslexia differ in structure or function from those of typical readers, it moves on to weigh up various strategies and interventions that can help people living with dyslexia today.

scholarly journals The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobias in women

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Czajkowski ◽  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
K. Tambs ◽  
E. Røysamb ◽  
T. Reichborn-Kjennerud
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BackgroundTo explore the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV phobia.MethodFemale twins (n=1430) from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed at personal interview for DSM-IV lifetime specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. Comorbidity between the phobias were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and polychoric correlations and multivariate twin models were fitted in Mx.ResultsPhenotypic correlations of lifetime phobia diagnoses ranged from 0.55 (agoraphobia and social phobia, OR 10.95) to 0.06 (animal phobia and social phobia, OR 1.21). In the best fitting twin model, which did not include shared environmental factors, heritability estimates for the phobias ranged from 0.43 to 0.63. Comorbidity between the phobias was accounted for by two common liability factors. The first loaded principally on animal phobia and did not influence the complex phobias (agoraphobia and social phobia). The second liability factor strongly influenced the complex phobias, but also loaded weak to moderate on all the other phobias. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by a specific genetic factor, which accounted for 51% of the total and 81% of the genetic variance.ConclusionsPhobias are highly co-morbid and heritable. Our results suggest that the co-morbidity between phobias is best explained by two distinct liability factors rather than a single factor, as has been assumed in most previous multivariate twin analyses. One of these factors was specific to the simple phobias, while the other was more general. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by disorder specific genetic factors.

scholarly journals Psychological Stress, Mast Cells, and Psoriasis—Is There Any Relationship?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13252
Author(s):  
Ewelina Woźniak ◽  
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽  
Waldemar Placek
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Stress Influences

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disease with still unknown pathogenesis. In recent years, genetic and environmental factors have been mentioned as the main causes. Among environmental factors, many researchers are trying to investigate the role of mental health and its importance in the development of many diseases. In the pathophysiology of psoriasis, the role of the interaction between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems are often emphasized. So far, no one has clearly indicated where the pathological process begins. One of the hypotheses is that chronic stress influences the formation of hormonal changes (lowering the systemic cortisol level), which favors the processes of autoimmunity. In inflammatory skin conditions, mast cells (MCs) are localized close to blood vessels and peripheral nerves, where they probably play an important role in the response to environmental stimuli and emotional stress. They are usually connected with a fast immune response, not only in allergies but also a protective response to microbial antigens. Among many cells of the immune system, MCs have receptors for the hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis on their surface. In this review, we will try to take a closer look at the role of MCs in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This knowledge may give the opportunity to search for therapeutic solutions.

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