Opportunistic invasive fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina prognosis from immunocompromised humans to potential mitogenic RBL with an exceptional and novel antitumor and cytotoxic effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arora ◽  
N. Dilbaghi ◽  
A. Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina

Secretome Analysis Identified Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase of Macrophomina Phaseolina: It’s Production and Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Sinha ◽  
Sourav Kumar Patra ◽  
Tuhin Subhra Sarkar ◽  
Sanjay Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Dead Plant

Abstract Macrophomina phaseolina, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen is known to cause charcoal rot disease in food crops, pulse crops, oil crops and cotton and fibre crops. Necrotrophic fungi survive on dead plant tissue. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by host plant during plant pathogen interaction. However, it is still unclear how M. phaseolina can overcome the ROS induced cellular damage. To mimic the invasion of M. phaseolina inside the plant cell wall, we developed solid substrate fermentation where M. phaseolina spore suspension was inoculated on wheat bran bed and incubated for vegetative growth. To analyse the secretome of M. phaseolina after different day interval, its secretory material was collected and concentrated. Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were detected in the secretome by zymogram. The presence of SOD and catalase was further confirmed by liquid chromatography based mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of M. phaseolina catalase in terms of stability towards pH, temperature, metal ions and chaotropic agent and inhibitors indicated its fitness at different environmental conditions. Apart from the production of catalase in SSF, the studies on this particular microorganism may also have significance in necrotrophic fungal pathogen and their susceptible host plant interaction.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence Resource for the Endophytic Burkholderia sp. Strain MS389 Isolated from a Healthy Soybean Growing Adjacent to Charcoal Rot Disease Patch

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Jia ◽  
Emerald Ford ◽  
Sonya M. Baird ◽  
Shien Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Circular Chromosomes

Burkholderia sp. strain MS389, an endophytic bacterium, was isolated from a healthy soybean plant growing adjacent to a patch of plants affected by charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Preliminary studies demonstrated that strain MS389 possesses antimicrobial activities against multiple plant pathogens. Burkholderia sp. strain MS389 was found to have three circular chromosomes of 3,563,380 bp, 3,002,449bp, and 1,180,421 bp in size, respectively. The 7,746,250-bp genome, with 66.73% G+C content, harbors 6,756 protein coding genes in the predicted 6,985 genes. In total, 18 rRNAs, 68 tRNAs, 4 ncRNAs were identified and 139 pseudogenes were annotated as well. The findings of this study will provide valuable data to explore the antimicrobial mechanisms of the endophytic bacterial strain.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Efficacy of Trichoderma viride Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trichoderma Species

The fungal pathogen causes serious widespread losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Therefore, economy of countries may worsen especially of developing countries. In addition, harmful chemical pesticides which are being used today for increasing crop production creates very serious health hazardous problems to human beings and ecosystem as a whole. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species which has been long known to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens in biological way may be utilized. The faster growth rates with which it competes with fungal pathogen mainly brings upon their antagonistic characteristics. An investigation was carried out in laboratory condition towards biological efficacy of T. viride on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the bio-control of soil-borne plant pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina in in-vitro condition. The dual culture technique was followed in which T. viride showed significant antifungal activities towards both the pathogens. T. viride significantly inhibited the mycelial radial growth of S. rolfsii by 75% and M. phaseolina by 71.42%. The results showed variable mycelial growth rate for all fungal isolates which was determined after 6 days of incubation in which T. viride showed minimum of 4.00 days to completely cover the petri-plates and S. rolfsii showed 4.33 days whereas M. phaseolina showed 6.33 days. Thus, T. viride showed encouraging results regarding their biopesticidal and biofungicidal potential against plant pathogens which may be endorsed to substitute harmful chemical supplements that exists in modern day agricultural practices.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAVAID ◽  
L. AFZAL ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL-1) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Some Biocontrol Fungi and Evaluation of Their Efficacy Against Charchol Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Mung Bean

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Abdel Nabi Matrood ◽  
◽  
Hala Abdel Jaber Abdulhassan ◽  
Mohamad Imad Khrieba ◽  
Mountaser Adam Mohamad Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

This study aimed to isolate and identify Macrophomina phaseolina fungus which was the causal aget of Charcol rot disease on mung bean (Vigna radita Wilczek L) from Elgadisia Governorate in order to isolate, diagnose, and evaluate efficacy of biological control fungal agents isolalated from the rhizosphere of the host plant. The biocontrol agents T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius were effective in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two isolates of M. phaseolina fungal pathogen were identified in most samples of infected mung bean. Pathogenicity tests showed the ability of M. phaseolina to attack the seeds and cause seed rot. Isolates 1 and 2 of the fungal pathogen reduced the seed germination rate to 71.56 and 63.75%, respectively, compared with 86.66% for the control. The results obtained indicated the presence of a significant difference between the two isolates in inducing seedlings damping-off which reached 40% and 30%, respectively, compared with 0% for the control. The disease severity of isolate 1 reached 75.3% and that of isolate 2 reached 63.6%. The inhibitory effect of the fungal antagonists T. koningii and C. globosum varied. A. carbonarius demonstrated level 3 of inhibition to the pathogenic fungus M. phaseolina, whereas C. globosum and T. koningii demostrated inhibitory levels of 2 and 1, respectively. Results obtained also indicated that treatments with antagonistic fungi T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius increased the growth parameters of the mung bean plant. The antagonistic fungus C. globosum increased the plant height, root fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content compared with the control. Furthermore, the results showed that treatment with T. koningii increased the mung bean seed germination rate to 100% and decreased disease severity of mung bean charcoal rot disease to 45.88% as compared to 89.86% severity for the contol. Likewise, the other antagonistic fungi A. carbonarius and C. globosum also increased the mung bean seed germination , and decreased mung bean charcoal rot disease severity. Keywords : Charcoal rot disease, mung bean, Macrophomina phaseolina, T. koningii, C. globosum, A. carbonarius.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Changes in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Soybean Plants upon Infection with the Fungal Pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Marquez ◽  
María L. Giachero ◽  
Adrien Gallou ◽  
Humberto J. Debat ◽  
Sylvie Cranenbrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Macrophomina phaseolina is a soil-borne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that causes charcoal rot in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Control of the disease is a challenge, due to the absence of genetic resistance and effective chemical control. Alternative or complementary measures are needed, such as the use of biological control agents, in an integrated approach. Several studies have demonstrated the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing plant resistance or tolerance to biotic stresses, decreasing the symptoms and pressure caused by various pests and diseases, including M. phaseolina in soybean. However, the specific contribution of AMF in the regulation of the plant response to M. phaseolina remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate, under strict in-vitro culture conditions, the global transcriptional changes in roots of premycorrhized soybean plantlets challenged by M. phaseolina (+AMF+Mp) as compared with nonmycorrhizal soybean plantlets (−AMF+Mp). MapMan software was used to distinguish transcriptional changes, with special emphasis on those related to plant defense responses. Soybean genes identified as strongly upregulated during infection by the pathogen included pathogenesis-related proteins, disease-resistance proteins, transcription factors, and secondary metabolism–related genes, as well as those encoding for signaling hormones. Remarkably, the +AMF+Mp treatment displayed a lower number of upregulated genes as compared with the −AMF+Mp treatment. AMF seemed to counteract or balance costs upon M. phaseolina infection, which could be associated to a negative impact on biomass and seed production. These detailed insights in soybean-AMF interaction help us to understand the complex underlying mechanisms involved in AMF-mediated biocontrol and support the importance of preserving and stimulating the existing plant-AMF associates, via adequate agricultural practices, to optimize their agro-ecological potential.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

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