scholarly journals Considering different recent advancements in GNSS on real-time zenith troposphere estimates

GPS Solutions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Hadas ◽  
Thomas Hobiger ◽  
Pawel Hordyniec
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Gradient Estimation ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Gnss Meteorology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) remote sensing of the troposphere, called GNSS meteorology, is already a well-established tool in post-processing applications. Real-time GNSS meteorology has been possible since 2013, when the International GNSS Service (IGS) established its real-time service. The reported accuracy of the real-time zenith total delay (ZTD) has not improved significantly over time and usually remains at the level of 5–18 mm, depending on the station and test period studied. Millimeter-level improvements are noticed due to GPS ambiguity resolution, gradient estimation, or multi-GNSS processing. However, neither are these achievements combined in a single processing strategy, nor is the impact of other processing parameters on ZTD accuracy analyzed. Therefore, we discuss these shortcomings in detail and present a comprehensive analysis of the sensitivity of real-time ZTD on processing parameters. First, we identify a so-called common strategy, which combines processing parameters that are identified to be the most popular among published papers on the topic. We question the popular elevation-dependent weighting function and introduce an alternative one. We investigate the impact of selected processing parameters, i.e., PPP functional model, GNSS selection and combination, inter-system weighting, elevation-dependent weighting function, and gradient estimation. We define an advanced strategy dedicated to real-time GNSS meteorology, which is superior to the common one. The a posteriori error of estimated ZTD is reduced by 41%. The accuracy of ZTD estimates with the proposed strategy is improved by 17% with respect to the IGS final products and varies over stations from 5.4 to 10.1 mm. Finally, we confirm the latitude dependency of ZTD accuracy, but also detect its seasonality.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Potential Performance of GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning using Simulated Real-Time Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Basile ◽  
Terry Moore ◽  
Chris Hill
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Binary Offset Carrier ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
The Impact

With the evolving Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) landscape, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has started the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) to produce precise products for new generation systems. Various analysis centres are working on the estimation of precise orbits, clocks and bias for Galileo, Beidou and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) satellites. However, at the moment these products can only be used for post-processing applications. Indeed, the IGS Real-Time service only broadcasts Global Positioning System (GPS) and Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) corrections. In this research, a simulator of multi-GNSS observations and real-time precise products has been developed to analyse the performance of GPS-only, Galileo-only and GPS plus Galileo Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The error models in the simulated orbits and clocks were based on the difference between the GPS Real-Time and the Final products. Multiple scenarios were analysed, considering different signals combined in the Ionosphere Free linear combination. Results in a simulated open area environment show better performance of the Galileo-only case over the GPS-only case. Indeed, up 33% and 29% of improvement, respectively, in the accuracy level and convergence time can be observed when using the full Galileo constellation compared to GPS. The dual constellation case provides good improvements, in particular in the convergence time (47% faster than GPS). This paper will also consider the impact of different linear combinations of the Galileo signals, and the potential of the E5 Alternative Binary Offset Carrier (AltBOC) signal. Even though it is significantly more precise than E5a, the PPP performance obtained with the Galileo E1-E5a combination is either better or similar to the one with Galileo E1-E5. The reason for this inconsistency was found in the use of the ionosphere free combination with E1. Finally, alternative methods of ionosphere error mitigation are considered in order to ensure the best possible positioning performance from the Galileo E5 signal in multi-frequency PPP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Real-Time PPP-Based Tide Measurement Using IGS Real-Time Service

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2968
Author(s):  
Mingwei Di ◽  
Anmin Zhang ◽  
Bofeng Guo ◽  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Rongxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Seafloor Topography ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Research Fields

Tide data plays a key role in many marine scientific research fields such as seafloor topography measurement and navigation safety. To obtain reliable tide data, various methods have been proposed, e.g., tide station measurement, satellite altimeter measurement, and differential global positioning system (GPS) buoy measurement. However, these methods suffer from the limitation that continuous observations at different areas might not be always available. In order to provide high-precision as well as continuous real-time tide data, we propose a method based on real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) by using International GNSS Service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) products. Firstly, compared with the IGS final products, the accuracy of the RTS satellite orbit and clock is evaluated. Secondly, the positioning performance of RT-PPP is compared with the IGS ultra-fast products. Finally, a robust Vondrak filter is proposed to eliminate the influence of high-frequency noise and errors and to obtain tide results. Experimental results show that three-dimensional (3D) accuracy of the RTS orbit is better than 0.05 m, and also has 0.22 ns less clock bias. An improvement of 60% is achieved for positioning accuracy using RTS products compared to IGS ultra-fast products. Compared with the post-processing PPP method, the double difference (DD) method and tide gauge data, the root mean square (RMS) values of RT-PPP tide are 0.090, 0.194 and 0.167 m, respectively.

scholarly journals GA-ARMA Model for Predicting IGS RTS Corrections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Kim ◽  
Jeongrae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arma Model ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Hardware Failures

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is widely used to estimate user positions. For precise positioning, users should correct for GNSS error components such as satellite orbit and clock errors as well as ionospheric delay. The international GNSS service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) can be used to correct orbit and clock errors in real-time. Since the IGS RTS provides real-time corrections via the Internet, intermittent data loss can occur due to software or hardware failures. We propose applying a genetic algorithm autoregressive moving average (GA-ARMA) model to predict the IGS RTS corrections during data loss periods. The RTS orbit and clock corrections are predicted up to 900 s via the GA-ARMA model, and the prediction accuracies are compared with the results from a generic ARMA model. The orbit prediction performance of the GA-ARMA is nearly equivalent to that of ARMA, but GA-ARMA’s clock prediction performance is clearly better than that of ARMA, achieving a 32% error reduction. Predicted RTS corrections are applied to the broadcast ephemeris, and precise point positioning accuracies are compared. GA-ARMA shows a significant accuracy improvement over ARMA, particularly in terms of vertical positioning.

Precise Point Positioning Model Using Triple GNSS Constellations: GPS, Galileo and BeiDou

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Afifi ◽  
Ahmed El-Rabbany
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Time Service ◽  
System Bias ◽  
Point Positioning

AbstractThis paper introduces a comparison between dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) post-processing model, which combines the observations of three different GNSS constellations, namely GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou and real-time PPP model. A drawback of a single GNSS system such as GPS, however, is the availability of sufficient number of visible satellites in urban areas. Combining GNSS observations offers more visible satellites to users, which in turn is expected to enhance the satellite geometry and the overall positioning solution. However, combining several GNSS observables introduces additional biases, which require rigorous modelling, including the GNSS time offsets and hardware delays. In this paper, a GNSS post-processing PPPP model is developed using ionosphere-free linear combination. The additional biases of the GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou combination are accounted for through the introduction of a new unknown parameter, which is identified as the inter-system bias, in the PPP mathematical model. Natural Resources Canada’s GPSPace PPP software is modified to enable a combined GPS / Galileo / BeiDou PPP solution and to handle the newly inter-system bias. A total of four data sets at four IGS stations are processed to verify the developed PPP model. Precise satellite orbit and clock products from the IGS-MGEX network are used to correct of the GPS, Galileo and BeiDou measurements. For the real-time PPP model the corrections of the satellites orbit and clock are obtained through the international GNSS service (IGS) real-time service (RTS). GPS and Galileo Observations are used for the GNSS RTS-IGS PPP model as the RTS-IGS satellite products are not available for BeiDou satellites. This paper provides the GNSS RTS-IGS PPP model using different satellite clock corrections namely: IGS01, IGC01, IGS01, and IGS03. All PPP models results of convergence time and positioning precision are compared to the traditional GPS-only PPP model. It is shown that combining GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou observations in a PPP model reduces the convergence time by 25 % compared with the GPS-only PPP model.

Real-time earthquake hazard assessment based on high-rate GNSS PPPAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Michael Sideris
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Earthquake Hazard Assessment

<p>To provide hazard assessment in rapid or real-time mode, accelerations due to seismic waves have traditionally been recorded by seismometers. Another approach, based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), known as GNSS seismology, has become increasingly accurate and reliable. In the past decade, significant improvements have been made in high-rate GNSS using precise point positioning and its ambiguity resolution (PPPAR). To reach cm-level accuracy, however, PPPAR requires specific products, including satellite orbit/clock corrections and phase/code biases generated by large GNSS networks. Therefore, the use of PPPAR in real-time seismology applications has been inhibited by the limitations in product accessibility, latency, and accuracy. To minimize the implementation barrier for ordinary global users, the Centre National D’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France has launched a public PPPAR correction service via real-time internet streams. Broadcasting via the real-time service (RTS) of the international GNSS service (IGS), the correction stream is freely provided. Therefore, in our work, a new approach using PPPAR assisted with the CNES product to process high-rate in-field GNSS measurements is proposed for real-time earthquake hazard assessment. A case study is presented for the Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence in 2019. The general performance of our approach is evaluated by assessing the quality of the resulting waveforms against publicly available post-processing GNSS results from a previous study by Melgar et al. (2019), Seismol. Res. Lett. XX, 1–9, doi: 10.1785/ 0220190223. Even though the derived real-time displacements are noisy due to the accuracy limitation of the CNES product, the results show a cm-level agreement with the provided post-processed control values in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) values in time and frequency domain, as well as seismic features of peak-ground-displacement (PGD) and peak-ground-velocity (PGV). Overall, we have shown that high-rate GNSS processing based on PPPAR via a freely accessible service like CNES is a reliable approach that can be utilized for real-time seismic hazard assessment.</p>

A new approach to real-time precise point-positioning timing with International GNSS Service real-time service products

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 125104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Ge ◽  
WeiJin Qin ◽  
Ke Su ◽  
Xuhai Yang ◽  
Mingjun Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Time Service ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Point Positioning

scholarly journals Space State Representation Product Evaluation in Satellite Position and Receiver Position Domain

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3791
Author(s):  
Renata Pelc-Mieczkowska ◽  
Dariusz Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Satellite Orbits ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Satellite Position ◽  
Point Position ◽  
Broadcast Ephemeris ◽  
The Impact

In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning, important terms in error budget are satellite orbits and satellite clocks correction errors. International services are developing and providing models and correction to minimize the influence of these errors both in post-processing and real-time applications. The International GNSS Service (IGS) Real-Time Service (RTS) provides real-time orbits and clock corrections for the broadcast ephemeris. Real-time products provided by IGS are generated by different analysis centres using different algorithms. In this paper, four RTS products—IGC01, CLK01, CLK50, and CLK90—were evaluated and analysed. To evaluate State Space Representation (SSR) products’ GPS satellites, the analyses were made in three variants. In the first approach, geocentric real-time Satellite Vehicle (SV) coordinates and clock corrections were calculated. The obtained results were compared with the final IGS, ESA, GFZ, and GRG ephemerides. The second approach was to use the corrected satellite positions and clock corrections to determine the Precise Point Position (PPP) of the receiver. In the third analysis, the impact of SSR corrections on receiver Single Point Position (SPP) was evaluated. The first part of the research showed that accuracy of the satellite position is better than 10 cm (average 3 to 5 cm), while in the case of clock corrections, mean residuals range from 2 cm to 17 cm. It should be noted that the errors of the satellites positions obtained from one stream differ depending on the reference data used. This shows the need for an evaluation of correction streams in the domain of the receiver position. In the case of PPP in a kinematic mode, the tests allowed to determine the impact that the use of different streams has on the final positioning results. These studies showed differences between specific streams, which could not be seen in the first study. The best results (3D RMS at 0.13 m level) were obtained for the CLK90 stream, while for IGC01, the results were three times worse. The SPP tests clearly indicate that regardless of the selected SSR stream, one can see a significant improvement in positioning accuracy as compared to positioning results using only broadcast ephemeris.

scholarly journals The Prediction of Geocentric Corrections during Communication Link Outages in PPP

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Joanna Janicka ◽  
Dariusz Tomaszewski ◽  
Jacek Rapinski ◽  
Marcin Jagoda ◽  
Miloslawa Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Time Service ◽  
State Space Representation

The International GNSS Service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) provides access to real-time precise products. State-Space Representation (SSR) products are disseminated through the Internet using the Networked Transport of the RTCM (Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services) via the Internet Protocol (NTRIP). However, communication outages caused by a loss of the communication link during ephemeris changes can occur. Unfortunately, any break in providing orbit and clock corrections affects the possibility to perform precise point positioning. To eliminate this problem, various methods have been developed and presented in the literature. The solution proposed by the authors is to directly predict geocentric corrections. This manuscript presents the results and analysis of geocentric correction predictions under two scenarios: the first between the IODE (issue of data ephemeris) value change and the second where prediction must be done for epochs containing a change in IODE ephemeris. In this case, the prediction uses data from a previous message. The Root Mean Square (RMS) values calculated based on the differences between the true correction values and the predicted geocentric corrections using a linear function, a second-degree polynomial and a constant value do not differ significantly. The numerical results show that, in most cases, maintaining the constant value of the last registered SSR correction is the best option.

scholarly journals Making News, Making the Economy: Technological Changes and Financial Pressures in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Undurraga
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Media Convergence ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Journalistic Field ◽  
The Impact

Media convergence and growing financial pressure on the journalistic field have triggered significant changes in newsmaking cultures across the world. This article examines the challenges of media convergence in the newsroom of Valor Econômico, the main economic newspaper in Brazil. In particular, it explores how the introduction in 2013 of Valor Pro, a real time news service oriented to the financial market, changed newsmaking practices at Valor Econômico. The introduction of Valor Pro meant that journalists from the whole newsroom had to report news simultaneously for three platforms: the real time service, the online website and the printed paper. This shift not only intensified journalists’ workloads and altered the manufacture of news, but also increased financial pressure on the paper’s agenda. I argue that this shift – from producing news for the public towards producing news for the market – cannot be explained solely with reference to traditional political economic factors such as ideological decisions at editorial level and the structural properties of the Brazilian media sphere. Instead, drawing on resources from cultural sociology and from science and technology studies, I provide a richer explanation that acknowledges the impact of technological innovation, the shifting nature of news values, and the agency of journalists themselves. This article elaborates on seven months of ethnographic fieldwork in Valor Econômico’s newsroom in São Paulo between 2013 and 2015 and contributes to the literature on cultural sociology, media studies and science and technology studies.

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