Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

AbstractThe virulence of 14 Steinernema feltiae isolates, one S. carpocapsae and three Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolates was compared in the laboratory against larvae, pupae and adults of the flatheaded root borer, Capnodis tenebrionis. Larval mortality ranged from 50 to 100% and pupae mortality from 0 to 70%. Adults were exposed to different nematode concentrations, 50 and 100 infective juveniles/cm2. Steinernema feltiae caused the highest mortality at the two doses tested, reaching 66.7% and 100%, respectively. Significant differences in mortality between C. tenebrionis males and females were observed. The differences in virulence observed at each stage of C. tenebrionis vary within a species and can be higher than differences among species. The results of this study suggest that some of the isolate strains have potential for improved biological control of C. tenebrionis.

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Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-53895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37047

Author(s):

Sandra Mara Chaneiko ◽

Andressa Lima de Brida ◽

Daniel Bernardi ◽

Luis Garrigós Leite ◽

Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Maximum Concentration ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽

Pupal Mortality ◽

Control Tool

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.

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Dissemination of Isaria fumosorosea Spores by Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Jiří Nermuť ◽

Jana Konopická ◽

Rostislav Zemek ◽

Michal Kopačka ◽

Andrea Bohatá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

Soil Organisms ◽

Isaria Fumosorosea ◽

Second Stage ◽

Glass Tubes ◽

First Time ◽

Globally Distributed

Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi are globally distributed soil organisms that are frequently used as bioagents in biological control and integrated pest management. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of biocontrol agents can increase their efficacy against target hosts. In our study, we focused on another potential benefit of the synergy of two species of nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and the fungus Isaria fumosorosea. According to our hypothesis, these nematodes may be able to disseminate this fungus into the environment. To test this hypothesis, we studied fungal dispersal by the nematodes in different arenas, including potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, sand heaps, sand barriers, and glass tubes filled with soil. The results of our study showed, for the first time, that the spreading of both conidia and blastospores of I. fumosorosea is significantly enhanced by the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes, but the efficacy of dissemination is negatively influenced by the heterogeneity of the testing arena. We also found that H. bacteriophora spread fungi more effectively than S. feltiae. This phenomenon could be explained by the differences in the presence and persistence of second-stage cuticles or by different foraging behavior. Finally, we observed that blastospores are disseminated more effectively than conidia, which might be due to the different adherence of these spores (conidia are hydrophobic, while blastospores are hydrophilic). The obtained results showed that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can enhance the efficiency of fungal dispersal.

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Seasonal and vertical distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2) and Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) in turf and fallow areas

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854109x437755 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alper Susurluk

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

Seasonal Movement ◽

Field Plots

AbstractTo determine the seasonal movement of the dauer juvenile (DJ) stage of entomopathogenic nematodes, DJ of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2) and Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) were applied to field plots (turf and fallow) and their vertical distribution in soil was monitored for 8 months (October to June) in Turkey. Most S. feltiae remained near the soil surface (0-15 cm deep) in both kinds of plots and throughout the study. By contrast, H. bacteriophora moved to 40 cm depth in fallow plots during winter months but remained mostly near the soil surface (0-15 cm deep) in turf plots throughout the study.

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Infection and reinfection of Stomoxys calcitrans larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes in different times of exposure

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Américo de Castro Monteiro Sobrinho ◽

Isadora Luiza Alves Costa ◽

Graziele Calixto Souza ◽

Luís Carlos de Souza Rodrigues Leal ◽

João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Fly Larvae

Abstract Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous dipteran. Several agents are used in biological control, including entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Bioassay I involved an evaluation of the effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 on S. calcitrans larvae in different periods of exposure. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added, which were divided into groups according to the exposure times of 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The purpose of Bioassay II was to evaluate the efficacy of the EPNs in infecting S. calcitrans larvae when they were isolated from stable fly larvae in Bioassay I. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added. In bioassay I, H. bacteriophora caused mortality rates of 51.7, 83.3 and 91.7% in 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, while H. baujardi caused mortality rates of 9.3 (12h), 35 (24h) and 35% (48h). In Bioassay II, H. bacteriophora and H. baujardi resulted in mortality rates of 35% and 25%, respectively. It was concluded that the longest exposure times presented the highest larval mortality and that EPNs isolated from S. calcitrans are not efficient in controlling the larvae fly.

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Evaluation of two native entomopathogenic nematodes against Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00457-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. Sindhura Bhairavi ◽

Badal Bhattacharyya ◽

Gitanjali Devi ◽

Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽

Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Agrotis Ipsilon ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Odontotermes Obesus ◽

Percent Mortality ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the widely studied biological control agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two EPNs species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema aciari (Qui, Yan, Zhou, Nguyen and Pang) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), isolated locally from soils of Majuli river island, Assam, India against two important subterrenean pests; Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Results In case of O. obesus, mortality percent was recorded by H. bacteriophora after 72 h. at 300 IJs/termite and by S. aciari at 250 and 300 IJs/termite after 96 h. The lowest LD50 and LT50 values obtained for H. bacteriophora were 13.054 IJs/termite and 26.639 h., respectively, while those of S. aciari were 42.040 IJs/termite and 31.761 h., respectively. With respect to A. ipsilon, H. bacteriophora registered a highest mortality rate at 300 IJs/larvae after 144 h. S. aciari showed 100 percent mortality at 300 IJs/larva after 168 h. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for H. bacteriophora were 35.711 IJs/larva and 83.050 h., respectively. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for S. aciari were 71.192 IJs/larvae and 97.921 h., respectively. Overall, H. bacteriophora displayed more virulence toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari. Conclusion Both native EPNs were found effective against O. obesus and A. ipsilon. However, H. bacteriophora was more virulent toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari under the laboratory conditions.

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A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108x398453 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Naser Eivazian Kary ◽

Gholamreza Niknam ◽

Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi ◽

Christine Griffin ◽

Mohammad Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Common Species ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

First Time

AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.

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Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helmin-2015-0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. A. Susurluk ◽

T. C. Ulu

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Environmentally Safe

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 °C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.

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