Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Bewegungsmangel gehört zu den führenden Risikofaktoren für gesundheitliche Probleme, weshalb allgemeine Empfehlungen von mindestens 150 Minuten pro Woche moderater oder 75 Minuten intensiver körperlicher Aktivität sprechen. Bereits vor der Corona-Pandemie zeigte sich in nationalen und internationalen Untersuchungen ein unzureichendes Bewegungsverhalten der Menschen; in den Untersuchungsgruppen traf dies teilweise sogar auf über 50% der Proband*innen zu. Infolge der Pandemie kam es aufgrund des Infektionsschutzes und der damit einhergehenden Kontaktbeschränkungen zur verstärkten Homeoffice-Tätigkeit. Dies führte zu einer veränderten Arbeits- und Lebenssituation und demnach auch zu einem veränderten Gesundheitsverhalten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher den Fragen nachgegangen, welche Auswirkungen die Homeoffice-Tätigkeit auf die körperliche Aktivität der Beschäftigten hatte, welche Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielten und welche Erkenntnisse sich für die Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) ableiten lassen. Methodik Im Juni 2021 wurde eine Online-Befragung durchgeführt unter Verwendung des GPAQ-Fragebogens (GPAQ=Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) der World Health Organization (WHO) sowie ergänzender Fragen zu Veränderungen des Bewegungs- und Sitzverhaltens und deren Gründen, zu Aktivitätsbeispielen und Wünschen für Maßnahmen. Die Auswertung erfolgte für den GPAQ-Fragebogen auf Basis der WHO-Leitlinie und anschließender deskriptiver Kennwerte und Häufigkeiten. Die weiteren Variablen wurden primär mit Häufigkeitsverteilungen sowie Freitextantworten nach der Methode der qualitativen Datenanalyse (QDA) ausgewertet. Ergebnisse An der Befragung nahmen 193 Beschäftigte unterschiedlicher Unternehmen und Branchen teil, davon konnten 183 gültige Datensätze für eine Aktivitätsauswertung herangezogen werden. 25% wiesen ein geringes, 51% ein moderates und 24% ein hohes Aktivitätsniveau auf, die durchschnittlichen Sitzzeiten lagen bei 8,9 Stunden pro Tag. Es zeigte sich sowohl eine Erhöhung des Aktivitätsverhaltens bei einigen während der Pandemie als auch eine Verringerung bei anderen. Insgesamt war in Bezug auf die Sitzzeiten eine deutliche Zunahme zu erkennen. Die qualitativen Daten zeigen Gründe für die Veränderungen im Bewegungsverhalten auf, zugleich werden Möglichkeiten zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität genannt. Schlussfolgerungen Die Studie liefert Erkenntnisse zu den Auswirkungen der Homeoffice-Tätigkeit während der Corona-Pandemie. Zugleich werden Potenziale für die BGF im Homeoffice deutlich.

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Physical Activity Patterns in India Stratified by Zones, Age, Region, BMI and Implications for COVID-19: A Nationwide Study

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/0972753121998507 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312199850

Author(s):

Vivek Podder ◽

Raghuram Nagarathna ◽

Akshay Anand ◽

Patil S. Suchitra ◽

Amit Kumar Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Rural Areas ◽

World Health ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Home Work ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Physically Inactive ◽

At Home

Rationale: India has a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which can be lowered by regular physical activity. To understand this association, recent population data is required which is representative of all the states and union territories of the country. Objective: We aimed to investigate the patterns of physical activity in India, stratified by zones, body mass index (BMI), urban, rural areas, and gender. Method: We present the analysis of physical activity status from the data collected during the phase 1 of a pan-India study. This ( Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017) was a multicenter pan-India cluster sampled trial with dual objectives. A survey to identify all individuals at a high risk for diabetes, using a validated instrument called the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), was followed by a two-armed randomized yoga-based lifestyle intervention for the primary prevention of diabetes. The physical activity was scored as per IDRS (vigorous exercise or strenuous at work = 0, moderate exercise at home/work = 10, mild exercise at home/work = 20, no exercise = 30). This was done in a selected cluster using a mobile application. A weighted prevalence was calculated based on the nonresponse rate and design weight. Results: We analyzed the data from 2,33,805 individuals; the mean age was 41.4 years (SD 13.4). Of these, 50.6% were females and 49.4% were males; 45.8% were from rural areas and 54% from urban areas. The BMI was 24.7 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 . Briefly, 20% were physically inactive and 57% of the people were either inactive or mildly active. 21.2% of females were found physically inactive, whereas 19.2% of males were inactive. Individuals living in urban localities were proportionately more inactive (21.7% vs. 18.8%) or mildly active (38.9% vs. 34.8%) than the rural people. Individuals from the central (29.6%) and south zones (28.6%) of the country were also relatively inactive, in contrast to those from the northwest zone (14.2%). The known diabetics were found to be physically inactive (28.3% vs. 19.8%) when compared with those unaware of their diabetic status. Conclusion: 20% and 37% of the population in India are not active or mildly active, respectively, and thus 57% of the surveyed population do not meet the physical activity regimen recommended by the World Health Organization. This puts a large Indian population at risk of developing various NCDs, which are being increasingly reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 infections. India needs to adopt the four strategic objectives recommended by the World Health Organization for reducing the prevalence of physical inactivity.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000316 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Md Mokbul Hossain ◽

Fahmida Akter ◽

Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽

Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽

Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

World Health ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽

The World ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity ◽

Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

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The active living gender’s gap challenge: 2013–2017 Eurobarometers physical inactivity data show constant higher prevalence in women with no progress towards global reduction goals

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8039-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X. Mayo ◽

G. Liguori ◽

E. Iglesias-Soler ◽

R. J. Copeland ◽

I. Clavel San Emeterio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

World Health ◽

Activity Levels ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Global Reduction ◽

Activity Questionnaire ◽

The Eu

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) considers physical inactivity (PIA) as a critical noncommunicable factor for disease and mortality, affecting more women than men. In 2013, the WHO set a 10% reduction of the PIA prevalence, with the goal to be reached by 2025. Changes in the 2013–2017 period of physical inactivity prevalence in the 28 European Union (EU) countries were evaluated to track the progress in achieving WHO 2025 target. Methods In 2013 and 2017 EU Special Eurobarometers, the physical activity levels reported by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire of 53,607 adults were analyzed. Data were considered as a whole sample and country-by-country. A χ2 test was used to analyze the physical inactivity prevalence (%) between countries, analyzing women and men together and separately. Additionally, PIA prevalence was analyzed between years (2013–2017) for the overall EU sample and within-country using a Z-Score for two population proportions. Results The PIA prevalence increased between 2013 and 2017 for the overall EU sample (p < 0.001), and for women (p = 0.04) and men (p < 0.001) separately. Data showed a higher PIA prevalence in women versus men during both years (p < 0.001). When separately considering changes in PIA by gender, only Belgium’s women and Luxembourg’s men showed a reduction in PIA prevalence. Increases in PIA prevalence over time were observed in women from Austria, Croatia, Germany, Lithuania, Malta, Portugal, Romania, and Slovakia and in men from Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain. Conclusions PIA prevalence showed an overall increase across the EU and for both women and men between 2013 and 2017, with higher rates of PIA reported for women versus men during both years. PIA prevalence was reduced in only Belgium’s women and Luxembourg’s men. Our data indicate a limited gender-sensible approach while tacking PIA prevalence with no progress reaching global voluntary reductions of PIA for 2025.

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SALSA scale and disability grading system of the World Health Organization: evaluation of physical activity limitations and disability of individuals treated for leprosy

Acta Fisiátrica ◽

10.5935/0104-7795.20100001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Eliyara Ikehara ◽

Susilene Maria Tonelli Nardi ◽

Iracema Serrat Vergotti Ferrigno ◽

Heloisa da Silveira Paro Pedro ◽

Vânia Del'Arco Paschoal

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Grading System ◽

Activity Limitations ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

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The First Global Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines for People Living With Disability

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0629 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine Carty ◽

Hidde P. van der Ploeg ◽

Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽

Fiona Bull ◽

Juana Willumsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Action Plan ◽

Activity Level ◽

World Health ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The World ◽

Inclusive Policy ◽

Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has released the first global public health guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for people living with disability. This paper presents the guidelines, related processes, and evidence, and elaborates upon how the guidelines can support inclusive policy, practice, and research. Methods: Methods were consistent with the World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. Systematic reviews of the evidence on physical activity for health for people living with disability were appraised, along with a consideration of the evidence used to inform the general 2020 World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Evidence supported the development of recommendations for people living with disability, stressing that there are no major risks to engaging in physical activity appropriate to an individual’s current activity level, health status, and physical function, and that the health benefits accrued generally outweigh the risks. They also emphasize the benefits of limiting sedentary behavior. Conclusions: The guidelines mark a positive step forward for disability inclusion, but considerable effort is needed to advance the agenda. This paper highlights key considerations for the implementation of the new recommendations for people living with disability, in line with the human rights agenda underpinning the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and allied policies.

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A Rapid Review of Communication Strategies for Physical Activity Guidelines and Physical Activity Promotion: A Review of Worldwide Strategies

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0832 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽

Karen Milton ◽

Hayley Mills ◽

Matthew Wade ◽

Charles Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mass Media ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Communication Strategies ◽

World Health ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Activity Promotion ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Background: To support the strategy development for communication of the updated physical activity (PA) guidelines, the UK Chief Medical Officers’ Expert Panel for Communication was created. Methods: To help inform this process, a rapid review was performed to identify and describe how other nations are communicating their PA guidelines and PA generally. Elements of the health-enhancing physical activity policy audit tool created by the World Health Organization were used to investigate all 195 countries. Results: Seventy-seven countries had their own guidelines; 53 used the World Health Organization guidelines, and for 65 countries, no guidelines could be found. For the communication, 27 countries used infographics; 56 had government policies/documents, and 11 used a mass media campaign. Only 6 of these had been evaluated. Although many countries used infographics, there were no associated evaluations. As such, any future communication strategies should incorporate an evaluation. Mass media campaigns had the strongest evidence base, proving to be an effective strategy, particularly when incorporating aspects of social marketing. Conclusion: This review provides an insight into strategies countries worldwide have taken to communicate PA guidelines and PA promotion. These should be carefully considered when deciding how best to communicate and promote PA guidelines.

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Global Public Health Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior for People Living With Chronic Conditions: A Call to Action

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0525 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paddy C. Dempsey ◽

Christine M. Friedenreich ◽

Michael F. Leitzmann ◽

Matthew P. Buman ◽

Estelle Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

World Health ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released global guidelines on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, for the first time providing population-based recommendations for people living with selected chronic conditions. This article briefly presents the guidelines, related processes and evidence, and, importantly, considers how they may be used to support research, practice, and policy. Methods: A brief overview of the scope, agreed methods, selected chronic conditions (adults living with cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and human immunodeficiency virus), and appraisal of systematic review evidence on PA/sedentary behavior is provided. Methods were consistent with World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. Results: Moderate to high certainty evidence (varying by chronic condition and outcome examined) supported that PA can reduce the risk of disease progression or premature mortality and improve physical function and quality of life in adults living with chronic conditions. Direct evidence on sedentary behavior was lacking; however, evidence extrapolated from adult populations was considered applicable, safe, and likely beneficial (low certainty due to indirectness). Conclusions: Clinical and public health professionals and policy makers should promote the World Health Organization 2020 global guidelines and develop and implement services and programs to increase PA and limit sedentary behavior in adults living with chronic conditions.

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