The Protective Function of Directed Asymmetry in the Pericellular Matrix Enveloping Chondrocytes

Author(s):  
Scott C. Sibole ◽  
Eng Kuan Moo ◽  
Salvatore Federico ◽  
Walter Herzog
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kanzler ◽  
N. Bogert ◽  
U.A. Stock ◽  
A. Zierer ◽  
A. Moritz ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 446-460
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Starikova ◽  

In 1920, the native Slovenian lands of southern Carinthia were included into the Austrian Republic, and the Slovenian population fell under the jurisdiction of the state, the official language of which was German. Under these conditions, literature in the native language became an important factor in the resistance against assimilation for the Carinthian Slovenes. However, decades later, the national protective function of the artistic word gradually came to naught. The contemporary literature of the Slovenian minority in Austria is a special phenomenon combining national and polycultural components and having two cultural and historical contexts, two identities - Slovenian and Austro-German. In aesthetic, thematic, linguistic terms, this literature is so diverse that it no longer fits into a literature of a national minority, and can no longer be automatically assigned to only one of the two literatures - Slovenian or Austrian. A variety of works, including proper Slovenian texts, hybrid bilingual forms, and compositions in German, of course, requires a new research methodology that would expand existing approaches and could cover the literary practice of those who create a panorama of Carinthian reality, which is in demand both in Slovenia and in Austria.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-385
Author(s):  
Md. A. Islam ◽  
Shoumik Kundu ◽  
Rosline Hassan

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is a multifactorial disease which develops in an immune-mediated way under the influences of both genetic and environmental factors. Demyelination is observed in the brain and spinal cord leading to neuro-axonal damage in patients with MS. Due to the infiltration of different immune cells such as T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and macrophages, focal lesions are observed in MS. Currently available medications treating MS are mainly based on two strategies; i) to ease specific symptoms or ii) to reduce disease progression. However, these medications tend to induce different adverse effects with limited therapeutic efficacy due to the protective function of the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, researchers have been working for the last four decades to discover better solutions by introducing gene therapy approaches in treating MS generally by following three strategies, i) prevention of specific symptoms, ii) halt or reverse disease progression and iii) heal CNS damage by promoting remyelination and axonal repair. In last two decades, there have been some remarkable successes of gene therapy approaches on the experimental mice model of MS - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which suggests that it is not far that the gene therapy approaches would start in human subjects ensuring the highest levels of safety and efficacy. In this review, we summarised the gene therapy approaches attempted in different animal models towards treating MS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narimane Rezgui ◽  
Danica Simić ◽  
Choayb Boulahbal ◽  
Dejan Micković

Background: Erosive wear causes increase in the bore diameter of firearms barrels and nozzles. Most responsible factors for this erosion are friction and heat generated during the shot. Protection from erosive wear is very important for gun tube life cycle, and various protection methods are used: adding phlegmatizers in gunpowder composition or applying protective layers on the gun bore inner surface. Objective: In this research, a possibility is examined to protect the surface of a nozzle exposed to gunpowder erosion applying a layer of tungsten disulfide fullerene-like nanoparticles, IF-WS2, known as outstanding solid lubricant of a great mechanical resistance. Methods: Nanoparticles on the nozzle surface before and after the gunfire tests were observed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Gunfire tests were performed on designed erosion device. Temperatures in the defined position near the affected surface were measured with thermocouples and compared for the nozzles with and without nanoprotection, as well as the nozzle mass loss after each round. Results: For the sample with IF-WS2 lower temperatures after firing and lower mass losses were observed. Mass loss after first round was 25.6% lower for the sample with protective nanoparticles layer, and the total mass loss was about 5% lower after five rounds. After the first round the nozzle without IF-WS2 was heated up to a temperature which was for 150.8°C higher than the nozzle with IF-WS2. Conclusion: Protective function of IF-WS2 is the most pronounced for the first round. The observed results encourage its further application in firearms gun bores protection.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document