scholarly journals Forest gardens increase the financial viability of farming enterprises in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Melvani ◽  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
Natarajan Palaniandavan ◽  
Mirjam Kaestli ◽  
Mila Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Forest Garden ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
Current Asset ◽  
On Farm

AbstractForest gardens (FGs) are tree-dominant land uses in Sri Lankan farming enterprises. Although FG financial performance has been described, their overall contributions to farming enterprises remain unclear. This information is critical given the global quest for financially viable, sustainable agricultural models. Farming enterprises include On-farm (land uses: FGs, paddy, cash crops, plantations, swidden/chena plots, livestock), Off-farm (employment, trading, grants, welfare) and household components. Forest garden financial performance was compared with other enterprise components in short-(reference year, 2012–2013) and long-terms (beyond 2013). Financial data were collected for 85 farming enterprises in nine locations of the Intermediate zone using Household Income and Expenditure surveys and quantified using accounting procedures. In the short-term, 49% of On-farm income was the value of household consumption while 54% of On-farm expense the value of household contributions. FGs contributed 29% to food and fuelwood self-sufficiency, generated the highest profit, were the most financially efficient land use, and average FG profit (Current assets) was greater than enterprise profit. In the long-term, FGs had the highest number of timber and fuelwood species (biological assets). Their average net realisable value (NRV) was 90% of total NRV for biological assets from all land uses. Since FGs occupied 68% of the study area, their substantial biological and land assets had high Non-Current asset values. Average FG Non-Current asset values accounted for 79% of Total Equity and were farmers' core ownership interest in enterprises. Forest gardens increase the financial viability of farming enterprises. Their financial contributions warrant recognition in national economic performance assessments.

scholarly journals Cambio climático y seguridad alimentaria al 2030: una perspectiva global de la economía en general

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Valenzuela ◽  
Kym Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Farm Product ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

The effects of climate change on agriculture raise major food security concerns. We use a global economy-wide model to assess the effects on farm product prices of expected yield changes. Also modelled is an expected adverse effect of higher temperatures and humidity in the tropics on the productivity of unskilled workers in developing countries. Given the degrees of uncertainty about plausible effects of climate change, our modelling accounts for a range of yield productivity and labor shocks. The results entail consequences for international agricultural prices, national food consumption, self sufficiency, net farm income and economic welfare.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL REGIONALIZATION BASED ON FARM-INCOME CHANGES

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-384
Author(s):  
Masaki ANDO
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA MASYARAKAT SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN KABUPATEN PESISIR BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
M. Reza Fachrezy ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Adia Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
National Park ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Average Education ◽  
On Farm

This study aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, analyze the income structure, the factors that affect the income of farmers, and the level of household welfare of farmers who live around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Pesisir Barat District. This research is a survey research involving 99 respondents who were randomly selected. Respondents were spread across four subdistricts, namely Bengkunat Belimbing, Ngambur, Pesisir Selatan, and Karya Penggawa Districts. The study was conducted from July to August 2018. The first objective was analyzed qualitatively, the second objective was analyzed using household income analysis, the third objective used multiple linear regression analysis, and the fourth objective was using Sajogyo's criteria (1997). The study suggested that the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers around TNBBS were spread from 15 to 64 years of age with an average age of 43.74 years. The average education level was elementary school, the number of majority of family sizes was from 4 to 6 people (67.68%), and the average land was 1.41 ha. The average household income of farmers is IDR 36,946,883.94 per year, which consists of on-farm income 63.68%, off-farm income 11.00%, and non-farm income 25.33%.. Factors that affect farmers' income are fertilizer costs and labor costs. The welfare of farmers around TNBBS is in quite prosperous category.Key words: characteristics, household income, welfare

scholarly journals Credit’s use performance and its determinants on farm household: A case of Chitwan district of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Namdev Upadhyay ◽  
Samaya Gairhe ◽  
Yogendra Acharya ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Krishna Prasad Timsina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Sufficiency ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
On Farm

Credit has been considered to play a pivotal role in the agricultural development of Nepal. A large number of institutions are involved in the disbursement of credit to agriculture. In this backdrop, the present study has examined the performance of agricultural credit and has identified the determinants of increased use of credit at the farm household level in Nepal. The study was based on survey data consisting of 107 samples collected randomly from the Chitwan district. The study has revealed that the quantum of credit availed by the farming households is affected by several socio-demographic factors which include caste, economically active population, food sufficiency, and membership in an organization. The research revealed that if the household is Brahmin/ Chettri, the probability of borrowing loans decreased by 32% as compared to other castes. Similarly, if the household’s economically active population increased by one unit, the probability of taking a loan increased by 16%. The results also show that, if household food sufficiency increased by one month the probability of taking loans decreased by 4 % but if the household head is a member of an organization, the probability of taking a loan increased by 28%. The congenial environment to increase the involvement of the household head to an organization like cooperative and farmers group, increasing the food self-sufficiency through productivity enhancement program and creating awareness on credit utilization helps to increase credit use performance in Agriculture.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Penyuluhan Pertanian Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Afrinawati Afrinawati ◽  
Mustafa Usman ◽  
Akhmad Baihaqi
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRAK  - Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani di Wilayah Kerja Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (WK-BPP) Indrapuri. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini terbatas pada efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Besarnya sampel penelitian 52 dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan efektivitas penyuluhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian pada usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebesar 94,8% dari sebelum adanya kegiatan penyuluhan sebesar 72,9%. Dimana artinya ada juga peningkatan pendapatan di tingkat petani dari sebelumnya hanya Rp.20.194.705 per Ha per MT telah mampu meningkat menjadi Rp.30.046.062 per Ha per MT.Kata Kunci :   Efektivitas, Penyuluhan,  Pendapata, Usahatani ABSTRACT - The purpose of this study is how the effectiveness of agricultural extension on farm income Indrapuri of paddy in the district of Aceh Besar district. This research was conducted in the district of Aceh Besar district Indrapuri. The object of this research is the paddy rice farmers who are members of farmers' groups in the Work Area of the Agricultural Extension Center (WK-BPP) Indrapuri. The scope of this study is limited to the effectiveness of agricultural extension services to farm income Indrapuri of paddy in the district of Aceh Besar district. The amount of sample 52 with descriptive analysis and the effectiveness of counseling. The results showed that the effectiveness of agricultural extension on paddy rice farming in the district of Aceh Besar district Indrapuri of 94.8% on the prior existence of extension activities by 72,9%. Which means there is also an increase in the income level of farmers from previously only Rp.20.194.705 per ha per MT has been able to increase to Rp.30.046.062 per ha per MT.Keywords: Effectiveness, Education, Income, Farming

scholarly journals Farmers’ Participation in Agritourism: Does It Affect the Bottom Line?

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjeong Joo ◽  
Aditya R. Khanal ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

Agritourism is an alternative source of farm income. We examine farmers’ participation in agritourism activities to assess the impact of participation on farm household income and return to assets using a large farm-level survey. The results reveal that older, educated, and female operators are more likely to participate in agritourism. However, government subsidies and the population of the county are negatively correlated with agritourism. Of the types of farm operations examined, small-scale farms that involved agritourism generated the greatest household incomes and returns to assets. For operators of small farms, agritourism can boost the economic well-being of farm households.

A Behavioural Explanation of Smallholder Entrepreneurship with Empirical Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunate Nosisa Zaca ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale ◽  
Unity Chipfupa
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Social Grant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of social grant dependence on on-farm entrepreneurial spirit of smallholders. A sample of 175 farmers was obtained from two communities in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed Principal Components Analysis and Tobit regression. The entrepreneurial spirit indices were constructed from revealed preference-based questions. The study found a positive relationship between the social grant and on-farm entrepreneurial spirit. The positive impact on rural household farming activities implies that the prevailing low entrepreneurial levels among farmers are not the result of social grant dependence but lack of opportunity and other resource constraints. However, to remain effective, policy should ensure that the grant money benefits (directly/indirectly) the intended beneficiary and their households. The other factors found to be associated with on-farm entrepreneurship include age of the farmer, gender, psychological capital, access to training, access to education, access to land, inadequate farming assets, water insecurity, extension, off-farm income and group membership. The study also recommends the need for strategies that improve psychological capital and thus enhance positive on-farm entrepreneurial behaviour among smallholder farmers. Addressing institutional and farming constraints related to access to resources and services (land, credit, extension, and water) and collective action will positively contribute to on-farm entrepreneurship.

SMALLHOLDER FARMER’S LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION AS A RESPONSE TO CHANGED CLIMATIC PATTERNS IN CHONGWE DISTRICT, ZAMBIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mbewe Jacqueline ◽  
Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose: Climate change affects local and global rainfall patterns and hence has a counter effect on smallholder agriculture. Impacts of climate change on agriculture are largely due to rainfall variability resulting in reduced yields due to crop-water stress and emergency of pathogens and diseases. In Zambia, climate change has been manifested through increased intensity of droughts and floods. These rainfall anomalies adversely affect agriculture and food systems. In order to survive the impacts of climate change and variability, smallholder farmers in Chongwe have adopted their livelihoods and farming systems to the new climatic patterns.Methodology: This study assessed how smallholder farmers in Chongwe District have adopted their livelihoods as a response to changed climatic conditions. It also investigated the perceptions of smallholder farmers as regards changes in aspects of their climatic conditions. Data collection involved a critical review of literature related to climate change and agriculture, observations, semi- structured interviews with 60 smallholder farmers and eight key informants. The data were analysed using multiple analysis techniques which included the descriptive statistics, One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the post-hoc Least Square Difference for pairwise comparisons of incomes from different livelihoods engaged in by smallholder farmers .The gendered comparisons of livelihood engagement was done using the chi-square test of association.Findings: The results showed that all farmers perceived occurrence of changes in climatic conditions in the light of changed rainfall patterns in that there has been uncertainty in onset of rains, short rainy season, more intermittent rainfall and increased frequency of intra-seasonal droughts. These changes have led to farmers to adopt such farming techniques as potholing in preference to oxen and tractor ploughing when farming is done on smaller pieces of land. There was a significant difference in the mean annual incomes generated from on-farm livelihoods (ZMW 3677.59; n=58) and off-farm livelihoods (ZMW 6840.91; n = 58) (p= 0.001). Farmers generated the highest income returns by engaging in casual work (ZMW 10307.69; n = 13) compared to every other livelihoods common in the area such as gardening (p=0.002), petty trade (p=0.002) and on-farm livelihoods (p=0.001).Contribution to policy, theory and practice: It was therefore concluded that diversification of income through diversified livelihoods would help smallholder farmers enhance their resilience in the face of changed climatic conditions. On-farm livelihoods should not always be the main income source for farmers as results indicated that farmers engaged in casual work generated higher incomes than those who depended on farming. It was recommended that policy direction should be towards introduction of a gender responsive credit facility that can help improve women’s engagement in off-farm income generating livelihoods, as well as encourage climate change resilience.

Farm Income in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
A. Narayanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Different Parts

Owing to poor income from crop cultivation, increased indebtedness and widespread suicides of farmers have been reported in different parts of the country. This has forced the researchers and policymakers to study the issue of farm income in an in-depth manner, which has previously not received adequate attention till the early 2000s. Besides the issue of estimate, many myths on farm income have not been adequately addressed with reliable and temporal data. Chapter 2 attempts to unravel the myths surrounding the issue of farm income and its estimates using data from cost of cultivation survey and the Situation Assessment of Survey of farmers. By showing the pathetic levels of farm income, it also recounts the measures that are needed to increase the farm income at the end.

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