Estimating HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors of Transgender Persons in the United States: A Systematic Review

Objectives: During the past decade, the number and proportion of reported HIV cases in the United States acquired through heterosexual contact has increased markedly. CDC employs the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) to monitor risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in high-risk populations. To identify a target population for conducting NHBS among heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV (NHBS-HET), CDC designed, implemented and evaluated a pilot study. Methods: The pilot study was conducted in 25 US metropolitan statistical areas in 2006-7. We recruited men and women who reported sex with at least one opposite-sex partner during the past year for a behavioral survey and HIV test. We investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed HIV infection and individual risk behaviors, sexual network characteristics, and social-structural characteristics to arrive at a definition of a heterosexual at increased risk of HIV. Results: Of 14,750 participants in the analysis, 207 (1.4%) had newly diagnosed HIV infection. Using low socioeconomic status (SES) as a criterion for defining a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV resulted in optimal rates of HIV prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and practicality. Conclusions: Results from the NHBS pilot study underscore the key role of social factors as determinants of HIV infection risk among U.S. heterosexuals, and low SES was incorporated into the definition of a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV in NHBS-HET cycles. Future cycles of NHBS-HET will help tailor prevention programs for those populations most at risk of HIV in the US.

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393. Prevalence of HIV in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Associated Mortality Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S266-S266

Author(s):

Paddy Ssentongo ◽

Anna E Ssentongo ◽

Emily S Heilbrunn ◽

Ping Du

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

General Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Local Level ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Cochrane Library

Abstract Background As of June 3rd, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of novel SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, was approximately 6,538,456, with 386,503 deaths globally. Individuals with pre-existing conditions are particularly susceptible to and more likely to die from Covid-19. However, individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are unique due to their use of antiretroviral therapy, including protease inhibitors, which have been used to treat COVID-19. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the prevalence and prevalence of HIV in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and delineating the mortality rates. Methods MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases and medrxiv.org were searched from January 1st, 2020, to June 15th, 2020. Studies reporting on the prevalence of HIV among hospitalized COVID-19 patients among and outcome of mortality were extracted. Two reviewers independently extracted appropriate data of interest and assessed the risk of bias. All analyses were performed using random-effects models on log-transformed proportions and risk ratio estimates, and heterogeneity was quantified. Results A total of 144,795 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified from 14 studies (United States 8, Spain 3, China 1, Italy1, and Germany 1). The pooled prevalence of HIV in COVID-19 patients was 1.22 % [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61%-2.43%)] translating to a 2-fold increase compared to the respective local-level pooled HIV prevalence in the general population of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.48%-0.89%. When we stratified the analysis by country, pooled HIV prevalence among COVID-19 patients in United States (1.43%, 95% CI: 0.98% -2.07%) was significantly higher compared to Spain (0.26%, 95% CI: 0.23%-0.29%) but not different from China (0.99 %, 95% CI: 0.25 %-3.85%). The pooled mortality rates in HIV-positive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 14.1 % 95% CI: 5.78%-30.50% and was substantially higher in the United States compared to other countries. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV among COVID-19 patients may be higher compared to the general population, suggesting higher susceptibility to COVID-19. The mortality rates are high but vary significantly across countries. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Prevalence of HIV in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and associated outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.07.03.20143628 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paddy Ssentongo ◽

Emily S Heilbrunn ◽

Anna E Ssentongo ◽

Shailesh Advani ◽

Vernon M Chinchilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Local Level ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Random Effects Models

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of HIV in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and delineating clinical outcomes including mortality. Design/Methods MEDLINE, SCOPUS, OVID, and Cochrane Library databases and medrxiv.org were searched from January 1st, 2020, to June 15th, 2020. Data were extracted from studies reporting the prevalence of HIV among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their clinical outcomes. Analyses were performed using random-effects models on log-transformed proportions and risk ratio estimates, and heterogeneity was quantified. Results A total of 144,795 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified from 14 studies in North America, Europe, and Asia. Median age was 55 years, and 66% were male. The pooled prevalence of HIV in COVID-19 patients was 1.22% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61%-2.43%)] translating to a 2-fold increase compared to the respective local-level pooled HIV prevalence in the general population of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.48%-0.89%). When stratified by country, the pooled HIV prevalence among COVID-19 patients in United States (1.43%, 95% CI: 0.98%-2.07%) was significantly higher compared to Spain (0.26%, 95% CI: 0.23%-0.29%) but was not different from China (0.99%, 95% CI: 0.25%-3.85%). The pooled mortality rate in HIV-positive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 14.1% (95% CI: 5.78%-30.50%) and was substantially higher in the United States compared to other countries.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavioral Interventions to Reduce HIV Risk Behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-006-9151-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Jeffrey H. Herbst ◽

Linda S. Kay ◽

Warren F. Passin ◽

Cynthia M. Lyles ◽

Nicole Crepaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors

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Supplemental Material for Future-Oriented Tweets Predict Lower County-Level HIV Prevalence in the United States

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/hea0000279.supp ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

County Level

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The treatment cascade for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718478490.793497065 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Rosenthal

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Treatment Cascade ◽

Chronic Hepatitis C Virus

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Leveraging Technology in Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13389 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Clemens Kruse ◽

Britney Larson ◽

Reagan Wilkinson ◽

Roger Samson ◽

Taylor Castillo

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

The United States ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Common Cause ◽

Key Terms

BACKGROUND Incidence of AD continues to increase, making it the most common cause of dementia and the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. 2018 numbers are expected to double by 2030. OBJECTIVE We examined the benefits of utilizing technology to identify and detect Alzheimer’s disease in the diagnostic process. METHODS We searched PubMed and CINAHL using key terms and filters to identify 30 articles for review. We analyzed these articles and reported them in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We identified 11 technologies used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease: 66% of which used some form of MIR. Functional, structural, and 7T magnetic resonance imaging were all used with structural being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS MRI is the best form of current technology being used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI is a noninvasive approach that provides highly accurate results in the diagnostic process of Alzheimer’s disease.

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A Systematic Review on Barriers to Palliative Care in Oncology

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® ◽

10.1177/1049909120983283 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104990912098328

Author(s):

Jyotsana Parajuli ◽

Judith E. Hupcey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Full Text ◽

Literature Search ◽

Intervention Development ◽

The United States ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Meta Analyses

The number of people with cancer and the need for palliative care among this population is increasing in the United States. Despite this growing need, several barriers exist to the utilization of palliative care in oncology. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the barriers to palliative care utilization in an oncology population. A systematic review of literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Psych Info databases were used for the literature search. Articles were included if they: 1) focused on cancer, (2) examined and discussed barriers to palliative care, and c) were peer reviewed, published in English, and had an accessible full text. A total of 29 studies (8 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods) were identified and synthesized for this review. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 10 participants to 313 participants. The barriers to palliative care were categorized into barriers related to the patient and family, b) barriers related to providers, and c) barriers related to the healthcare system or policy. The factors identified in this review provide guidance for intervention development to mitigate the existing barriers and facilitate the use palliative care in individuals with cancer.

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Rehabilitation Intensity and Patient Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities in the United States: A Systematic Review

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa230 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel A Prusynski ◽

Allison M Gustavson ◽

Siddhi R Shrivastav ◽

Tracy M Mroz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Hospital Readmissions ◽

The United States ◽

Skilled Nursing Facilities ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Nursing Facilities ◽

Skilled Nursing ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Exponential increases in rehabilitation intensity in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) motivated recent changes in Medicare reimbursement policies, which remove financial incentives for providing more minutes of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Yet there is concern that SNFs will reduce therapy provision and patients will experience worse outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between therapy intensity and patient outcomes in SNFs. Methods PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, and COCHRANE databases were searched. English-language studies published in the United States between 1998 and February 14, 2020, examining the relationship between therapy intensity and community discharge, hospital readmission, length of stay (LOS), and functional improvement for short-stay SNF patients were considered. Data extraction and risk of bias were performed using the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Classification of Evidence scale for causation questions. AAN criteria were used to assess confidence in the evidence for each outcome. Results Eight observational studies met inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that higher intensity therapy was associated with higher rates of community discharge and shorter LOS. One study provided very low-level evidence of associations between higher intensity therapy and lower hospital readmissions after total hip and knee replacement. There was low-level evidence indicating higher intensity therapy is associated with improvements in function. Conclusions This systematic review concludes, with moderate confidence, that higher intensity therapy in SNFs leads to higher community discharge rates and shorter LOS. Future research should improve quality of evidence on functional improvement and hospital readmissions. Impact This systematic review demonstrates that patients in SNFs may benefit from higher intensity therapy. Because new policies no longer incentivize intensive therapy, patient outcomes should be closely monitored to ensure patients in SNFs receive high-quality care.

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