Factors Associated with HIV Testing History and Returning for HIV Test Results Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Thailand

The objective of this study was to determine the temporal trends and factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in southern Vietnam. Data from the 2014–2018 national HIV sentinel surveillance of MSM aged 16 years or older were collected from three provinces, including An Giang ( N = 761), Can Tho ( N = 900), and Ho Chi Minh City ( N = 1426), and examined for changes in prevalence rates of HIV and syphilis and risk behaviors over time. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the trends and correlates of HIV and syphilis infections among MSM. There were upward trends for HIV (9.5% in 2014 to 14.2% in 2018, p-trend<0.01), syphilis (4.9% in 2014 to 8.0% 2018, p-trend<0.01), and HIV/syphilis co-infection (1.9% in 2014 to 3.1% in 2018, p-trend=0.01). Factors associated with HIV infection included place of residence, early sexual debut, consistent condom use and not engaging in anal sex during the past month, not knowing one’s HIV test results, having ever injected drugs, and having active syphilis. Additionally, early sexual debut and being HIV positive were associated with syphilis infection. Rising prevalences of these infections among MSM suggests an urgent need for comprehensive intervention packages for HIV/STI prevention.

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Evaluation of Rapid Testing Algorithms for Venue-based Anonymous HIV Testing among Non-HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS), 2017

Journal of Community Health ◽

10.1007/s10900-020-00871-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1228-1235

Author(s):

Shamaya Whitby ◽

◽

Amanda Smith ◽

Rebecca Rossetti ◽

Johanna Chapin-Bardales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Rapid Testing ◽

Behavioral Surveillance ◽

National Hiv Behavioral Surveillance ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Hiv Rapid Testing ◽

Testing Algorithms ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract HIV rapid testing algorithms (RTAs) using any two orthogonal rapid tests (RTs) allow for on-site confirmation of infection. RTs vary in performance characteristics therefore the selection of RTs in an algorithm may affect identification of infection, particularly if acute. National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) assessed RTAs among men who have sex with men recruited using anonymous venue-based sampling. Different algorithms were evaluated among participants who self-reported never having received a positive HIV test result prior to the interview. NHBS project areas performed sequential or parallel RTs using whole blood. Participants with at least one reactive RT were offered anonymous linkage to care and provided a dried blood spot (DBS) for testing at CDC. Discordant results (RT-1 reactive/RT-2 non-reactive) were tested at CDC with lab protocols modified for DBS. DBS were also tested for HIV-1 RNA (VL) and antiretroviral (ARV) drug levels. Of 6500 RTAs, 238 were RT-1 reactive; of those, 97.1% (231/238) had concordant results (RT-1/RT-2 reactive) and 2.9% (7/238) had discordant results. Five DBS associated with discordant results were available for confirmation at CDC. Four had non-reactive confirmatory test results that implied RT-1 false reactivity; one had ambiguous confirmatory test results which was non-reactive in further testing. Regardless of order and type of RT used, RTAs demonstrated high concordant results in the population surveyed. Additional laboratory testing on DBS following discordant results confirmed no infection. Implementing RTAs in the context of anonymous venue-based HIV testing could be an option when laboratory follow-up is not practicable.

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HIV Testing Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): A Blind Spot?

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988319863542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 155798831986354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alvaro Francisco Lopes Sousa ◽

Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz ◽

Inês Fronteira ◽

Luís Lapão ◽

Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Older Men ◽

Blind Spot ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Older Msm

Middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the most underestimated populations with regard to HIV/AIDS infection, despite the worldwide trend of increasing prevalence in recent years. This population also has low rates of testing, although rare studies are done exclusively with middle-aged and older MSM assessing the factors associated with this prevalence. Thus, based on data from an exclusive online survey with middle-aged and older MSM who use geolocation-based dating applications, the purpose of the study was to analyze factors associated with not taking the HIV test among middle-aged (50 years old) and older MSM in Brazil. Using a modification of time-location sampling adapted to virtual reality, 412 volunteers were approached in Grindr®, Hornet®, SCRUFF®, and Daddyhunt®. The multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORa), considering a significance level at .05. There were factors associated with not taking the test: being in a relationship (ORa: 0.24; 95% CI [0.10, 0.53]); knowing partner through the applications (ORa: 1.84; 95% CI [1.07, 3.15]); not knowing the serological status (ORa: 5.07; 95% CI [1.88, 13.67]); ejaculating outside of anal cavity (ORa: 1.79; 95% CI [1.04, 3.05]); practicing sex without penetration (ORa: 2.30; 95% CI [1.17, 4.50]); not taking the test as a form of prevention (ORa: 2.83; 95% CI [1.05, 7.68]); and rarely using Viagra in sexual intercourse (ORa: 1.91; 95% CI [1.20, 3.65]). There is a blind spot in the prevalence of HIV testing in older MSM because this population is not being covered by services, which compromises the overall response to HIV, the goals set for universal health coverage.

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4: Factors Associated with HIV Testing and Receipt of HIV Test Results among Urban Adolescents

Journal of Adolescent Health ◽

10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.11.024 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Tanya Kowalczyk Mullins ◽

Paula K. Braverman ◽

Lorah D. Dorn ◽

Linda M. Kollar ◽

Jessica A. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Test Results ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Test

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Barriers and facilitators to past six-month HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Belize

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420947574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (13) ◽

pp. 1300-1307

Author(s):

Cristian J Chandler ◽

Leigh A Bukowski ◽

Jordan M Sang ◽

Caroline K Harpel ◽

Erika Castellanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Urban City ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Sex With Men

Prevalence of HIV in Belize is high, and men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. HIV testing is critical in curbing the epidemic; however, little is known about factors associated with testing among MSM in Belize. Working with a non-governmental organization in a large, urban city within Belize, snowball sampling was applied to recruit Belizean MSM to complete a self-administered survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to understand associations with HIV screening behavior. Access to healthcare, HIV knowledge, and reporting having heard of Section 53 of the Criminal Code of Belize (once outlawing same-sex sexual behavior), but not experiencing any negative impact from Section 53 were significantly positively associated with having received an HIV test in the past six months. Healthcare maltreatment (lifetime), depression symptomology, and shame were significantly negatively associated with having received a HIV test in the past six months. Findings suggest that multiple factors associated with stigma and discrimination negatively affect testing strategies among MSM in Belize.

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Repeat HIV testing among HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men attending Silom Community Clinic, Bangkok, 2011 − 2014

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418788724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (14) ◽

pp. 1417-1423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wipas Wimonsate ◽

Sarika Pattanasin ◽

Chaiwat Ungsedhapand ◽

Kanokpan Pancharoen ◽

Pikunchai Luechai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Community Clinic ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

History Of ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Repeat Hiv Testing ◽

Hiv Negative

Since 2010, the Thailand Ministry of Public Health has recommended that men who have sex with men (MSM) have an HIV test at least two times a year. We calculated the proportion of, and factors associated with, testing adherence among the HIV-uninfected MSM clients attending Silom Community Clinic @TropMed. We defined testing adherence as repeating at least one HIV test within six months of an initial HIV-negative test, and used log-binomial regression to test for associated factors. We included 1927 clients during 2011–2014; 362 (19%) were adherent with an increased trend ( p < 0.01), from 16% to 24%. Clients aged 18–24 years and those having a history of HIV testing were more likely to adhere (aRR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6; and aRR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5, respectively). One-fifth adhered to the recommendation; older clients or naïve testees were less likely to adhere. We need to impress on clients the importance of repeat HIV testing.

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Potential for false positive HIV test results with the serial rapid HIV testing algorithm

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/1756-0500-5-154 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Steven Baveewo ◽

Moses R Kamya ◽

Harriet Mayanja-Kizza ◽

Robin Fatch ◽

David R Bangsberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

False Positive ◽

Test Results ◽

Rapid Hiv Testing ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Testing Algorithm

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Uptake of HIV testing and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Karnataka

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Vani Srinivas ◽

Rajesh T. Patil ◽

M. Chandrakantha ◽

T. L. N. Prasad ◽

Sunil D. Khaparde

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Post Test ◽

Sex With Men

Background: This paper presents the prevalence of human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending integrated counselling and testing Centres (ICTC) in selected districts of Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional study was done at ICTCs. Men and transgenders coming with referral slips from targeted intervention (TI), non-government organizations (NGOs) were considered as MSMs. The basic demographic data, HIV test result and details of post- test counselling were collected in specific format. Data from 13 districts was obtained from April 2009 to March 2010 and comparing the prevalence of HIV among MSM in HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS).Results: Out of 8,276 MSMs in 13 districts, 2808 (33.9%) visited ICTCs with TI NGOs referral slips and were tested for HIV once in a year. The overall prevalence of HIV was 8.6%. Prevalence was highest (17.3%) among men in the age group of 41 to 45 years, illiterates (11.5%), unemployed (11.2%) and divorced and separated (13.3%) and widowed (13.6%) MSMs. Among those tested, 97.7% of MSM underwent post-test counselling and collected their report. The highest HIV prevalence was among MSMs from Mysore district (20.1%), followed by Udupi (19.9%) and Bagalkot (10.6%). Rest of all the other districts had less than 10% of HIV prevalence.Conclusions: The uptake of HIV testing among the MSM with referral slips was low in Karnataka. The prevalence level differs in various districts. There is need for more focused and effective counselling by peer educators for correct and consistent condom usage among illiterate, widowed and unemployed MSMs.

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Predictive Factors for Positive HIV Test Results in a Hospital Setting

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.5812/archcid.101314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sulmaz Ghahramani ◽

Hassan Joulaei ◽

Amir Human Hoveidaei ◽

Mohammad Reza Rajabi ◽

Kamran Bagheri Lankarani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

General Hospital ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Test Result

Background: Hospital admission for any reason provides the situation for voluntary HIV testing and consultation. Identifying the predictors of positivity may lead to a cost-effective method while enhancing professionalism. Objectives: To find the predictors of HIV-positive test result in a general hospital in Shiraz compared to a control group. Methods: In this case-control study, the records of all patients who received HIV testing upon their hospitalization in a general hospital in Shiraz, south of Iran, from January 2017 to the end of December 2017 were reviewed. For each HIV-positive case, at least one control from the same ward in the hospital with negative HIV test result was randomly selected. Based on the best-fitted model of logistic regression, the probability of positive HIV test results was estimated for each participant according to the risk factors, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Results: Out of 7333 persons who accepted to be tested, 77 patients tested positive for HIV, of whom 55 (71.4%) were male with the mean age of 41.5 ± 9.5 years. None of the HIV-positive patients were intravenous drug users, nor had they a history of imprisonment. The odds ratio (OR) was 21 for hepatitis-positive patients (hepatitis B and/or C) compared to negative ones, which was seven times higher in opium addicts than non-opium addicts. We developed a model using age, sex, opium addiction, and HBV and HCV status to predict the probability of being positive for HIV with an AUC of 0.853 (95% confidence interval 0.797 to 0.909). Conclusions: Hospital admission could be an appropriate momentum for providing voluntary counseling and testing. Infection with HBV and HCV are important risk factors for HIV infection, and additional testing should be offered, especially to these patients.

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Factors Associated With HIV Testing in Teenage Men Who Have Sex With Men

10.1542/9781610025409-factors ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Brian Mustanski ◽

David A. Moskowitz ◽

Kevirj O. Moran ◽

H. Jonathon Rendina ◽

Michael E. Newcomb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Sexual Health Communication ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Regular Doctor

BACKGROUND Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) have a high rate of HIV diagnoses. An estimated 14.5% of HIV infections in the United States are undiagnosed; but among 13- to 24-year-olds, the rate is 51.4%. We describe HIV testing rates and identifies salient individual, family, school, and health care influences among AMSM. METHODS Data were collected as part of SMART, an ongoing pragmatic trial of an online HIV prevention intervention for AMSM (N = 699). Measures included lifetime HIV testing, demographics, sexual behaviors, condom use, HIV education from school and family, sexual health communication with doctors, HIV knowledge, and risk attitudes. RESULTS Only 23.2% of participants had ever had an HIV test. Rates of testing increased with age (5.6% in 13- to 14-year-olds; 15.8% in 15- to 16-year-olds; 37.8% in 17- to 18-year-olds), and sexual experience was a strong predictor of testing (odds ratio: 6.54; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–11.49; P < .001). Most participants had a regular doctor (67.5%), but few had conversations about same-sex sexual behaviors (21.3%), HIV testing (19.2%), or sexual orientation (29.2%). Speaking to a doctor about HIV testing had a large effect (odds ratio: 25.29; confidence interval: 15.91–41.16; P < .001), with 75.4% who had such conversations having been tested, compared to only 10.8% of those who had not had such conversations. CONCLUSIONS Despite higher risk, few participants reported ever having received an HIV test. Data indicate pediatricians are an important, but largely untapped, source of testing and could be integral to achieving testing rates needed to end the epidemic.

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