Disease Progression and Characteristics of HIV-infected Women With and Without a History of Criminal Justice Involvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2644-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Youmans ◽  
James Burch ◽  
Robert Moran ◽  
Lillian Smith ◽  
Wayne A. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
History Of

A-108 Psychological and Sociodemographic Challenges, but Not History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Is Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Veterans and Service Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1157
Author(s):  
Becky Gius ◽  
Lauren F Fournier ◽  
Tea Reljic ◽  
Terri Pogoda ◽  
John Corrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Examine factors associated with history of arrests and felony incarceration among Veterans and Service Members (V/SM) with combat exposure. Method Participants were V/SM who completed a baseline assessment for the multicenter Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium study (N = 1555). Most were male (87%), white (72%), with a mean age of 40 years (SD = 9.71). The majority (83%) reported a history of ≥1 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with thirty-five present of those experiencing 3+ mTBIs. Results Three groups were composed based on self-reported level of involvement with the criminal justice system: 1.) No history of arrests or incarcerations (65%), 2.) A lifetime history of arrest but no felony incarceration (32%), and 3.) A lifetime history of felony incarceration (3%). Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed statistically significant differences between the groups in demographic factors including the incarcerated group having younger age, greater percentage of men, lower education, and greater percentage of never being married, followed by the arrest group and then the no arrest group (all p < 0.05). The incarcerated group also had the highest level of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, lowest social support, and greatest percentage of hazardous alcohol consumption, followed by the arrest and then the no arrest groups (all p < 0.05). No differences were found between groups for mTBI history or neuropsychological testing results. Conclusions Correlates of legal involvement among V/SM span demographic and psychological dimensions. Some correlates are modifiable, including social support, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol consumption. Addressing these modifiable risk factors is critical to lower the risk of future criminal justice involvement.

scholarly journals Exploring how employment schemes for young offenders aid desistance from crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 026455051990023
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jayne Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Desistance From Crime

Criminological literature investigating the association between employment and desistance presents largely mixed findings. This article uses the Skill Mill employment scheme for young offenders as a case study to advance our understanding of how participating in work programmes can influence youth reoffending. Participant observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with young attendees of the scheme and their supervisors. The findings suggest that employment schemes that offer remuneration, that influence how attendees are perceived by others, that encourage friendships between individuals with a history of criminal justice involvement and that employ supervisors who manage the dynamics of the work group and support young people to change can aid desistance.

scholarly journals Criminal Justice Involvement, Transition to Fatherhood, and the Demographic Foundation of the Intergenerational Transmission of Crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fallesen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Differential Probability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood

Most analyses of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts compare outcomes of the second generation to the criminal history of the first generation. Such analyses ignore potential differential fertility and family formation processes and exclude childless individuals. Ignoring the demographic process underlying transmission introduces selection bias into estimates of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts insofar as the first generation’s criminal history affects family formation and the probability of parenthood. In this study, we use a cohort of all Danish men born 1965-1973 including complete fertility information and criminal justice history to account for bias caused by differential selection into fatherhood across criminal histories. We demonstrate that seriousness of criminal justice involvement is associated with earlier transition to fatherhood but ultimately higher levels of childlessness. Criminal activity prior to the onset of transition to fatherhood predicts ultimate childlessness. Conditioned on becoming a father, men with criminal justice histories have a similar number of children as men without a history of criminal justice contacts. Ultimately, the findings suggest that existing estimates of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts are overestimated when considered at the population level due to differential probability of ever becoming a father.

Expanding the early and late starter model of criminal justice involvement for forensic mental health clients.

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. Crocker ◽  
Michael S. Martin ◽  
Marichelle C. Leclair ◽  
Tonia L. Nicholls ◽  
Michael C. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Forensic Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Mental Health Clients ◽  
Late Starter

scholarly journals Natural History of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Raluca Pais ◽  
Thomas Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The epidemiology and the current burden of chronic liver disease are changing globally, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most frequent cause of liver disease in close relationship with the global epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The clinical phenotypes of NAFLD are very heterogeneous in relationship with multiple pathways involved in the disease progression. In the absence of a specific treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is important to understand the natural history of the disease, to identify and to optimize the control of factors that are involved in disease progression. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of factors that are involved in the progression of the liver damage and the occurrence of extra-hepatic complications (cardiovascular diseases, extra hepatic cancer) in patients with NAFLD. We also briefly discuss the impact of the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype of NAFLD on the clinical practice globally and at the individual level.

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