Analysis of the Long-Term Yearly Average Volumetric Activity of Radionuclides and the Yearly Absorbed Dose in the Surface Air with Continuous Radioactive Emissions (For Leningrad NPP-2)

Atomic Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
T. V. Perevolotskaya ◽  
A. N. Perevolotskii
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Yearly Average

scholarly journals Atmospheric Heavy Metal Input to Forest Soils in Rural Areas of Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hovmand ◽  
Kaare Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs

Atmospheric bulk deposition of heavy metals (HM) was measured from 1972/73 to the present time at five to ten forest sites in rural areas of Denmark. From 1979, HM in aerosols were measured at one to four forest sites. On the basis of these long-term continuous measurements, the atmospheric inputs to the forest floor have been calculated. Yearly HM emission estimates to the European atmosphere seems to correlate well with yearly average values of HM deposition, as well as with HM concentrations in the ambient atmosphere. HM emissions have been estimated since the 1950s. Using the correlation between emission and deposition, HM deposition values maybe extrapolated in reverse chronological order. The accumulated atmospheric HM deposition has been estimated in this way over a period of 50 years.

scholarly journals Long-term chemical analysis and organic aerosol source apportionment at 9 sites in Central Europe: Source identification and uncertainty assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar R. Daellenbach ◽  
Giulia Stefenelli ◽  
Carlo Bozzetti ◽  
Athanasia Vlachou ◽  
Paola Fermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Average Factor

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of the organic aerosol is important for epidemiological studies, validation of atmospheric models, and air quality management. In this study, we apply a recently developed filter-based offline methodology of the aerosol mass spectrometer to investigate the regional and seasonal differences of contributing organic aerosol sources. We present offline-AMS measurements for particulate matter smaller than 10 μm 9 stations in central Europe with different exposure characteristics for the entire year of 2013 (819 samples). The focus of this study is a detailed source apportionment analysis (using PMF) including in-depth assessment of the related uncertainties. Primary organic aerosol (POA) is separated in three components: hydrocarbon-like OA which is related to traffic emissions (HOA), cooking OA (COA), and biomass-burning OA (BBOA). We observe enhanced production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in summer, following the increase in biogenic emissions with temperature (summer oxygenated OA, SOOA). In addition, a SOA component was extracted that correlated with anthropogenic secondary inorganic species which is dominant in winter (winter oxygenated OA, WOOA). A factor (SC-OA) explaining sulfur-containing fragments (CH3SO2+), which has an event-driven temporal behavior, was also identified. The relative yearly average factor contributions range for HOA from 3 to 15 %, for COA from 3 to 31 %, for BBOA from 11 to 61 %, for SC-OA from 5 to 23 %, for WOOA from 14 to 28 %, and for SOOA from 14 to 40 %. The uncertainty of the relative average factor contribution lies between 5 and 9 % of OA. At the sites north of the alpine crest, the sum of HOA, COA, and BBOA (POA) contributes less to OA (POA/OA = 0.3) than at the southern alpine valley sites (0.6). BBOA is the main contributor to POA with 88 % in alpine valleys and 43 % north of the alpine crest. Furthermore, the influence of primary biological particles (PBOA), not resolved by PMF, is estimated and could contribute significantly to OA in PM10.

ADLET - Absorbed Dose and Average Let Determination with TLDs on the Space Station MIR During a Russian Long Term Flight

1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vana ◽  
W. Sch ner ◽  
M. Fugger ◽  
Y. Akatov ◽  
V. Shurshakov
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Absorbed Dose

scholarly journals Long-term measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 5551-5563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sciare ◽  
K. Oikonomou ◽  
O. Favez ◽  
E. Liakakou ◽  
Z. Markaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Long-term (5-year) measurements of Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) in bulk aerosols are presented here for the first time in the Mediterranean Basin (Crete Island). A multi-analytical approach (including thermal, optical, and thermo-optical techniques) was applied for these EC and OC measurements. Light absorbing dust aerosols were shown to poorly contribute (+12% on a yearly average) to light absorption coefficient (babs) measurements performed by an optical method (aethalometer). Long-range transport of agricultural waste burning from European countries surrounding the Black Sea was shown for each year during two periods (March–April and July–September). The contribution of biomass burning to the concentrations of EC and OC was shown to be rather small (20 and 14%, respectively, on a yearly basis), although this contribution could be much higher on a monthly basis and showed important seasonal and interannual variability. By removing the biomass burning influence, our data revealed an important seasonal variation of OC, with an increase by almost a factor of two for the spring months of May and June, whereas BC was found to be quite stable throughout the year. Preliminary measurements of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) have shown that the monthly mean WSOC/OC ratio remains stable throughout the year (0.45±0.12), suggesting that the partitioning between water soluble and water insoluble organic matter is not significantly affected by biomass burning and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A chemical mass closure performed in the fine mode (Aerodynamic Diameter, A.D.<1.5μm) showed that the mass contribution of organic matter (POM) was found to be essentially invariable during the year (monthly average of 26±5%).

scholarly journals Long-term measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean: evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 6949-6982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sciare ◽  
K. Oikonomou ◽  
O. Favez ◽  
Z. Markaki ◽  
E. Liakakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Long-term (5-yr) measurements of Black Carbon (BC) and Organic Carbon (OC) in bulk aerosols are presented here for the first time in the Mediterranean Basin (Crete Island). A multi-analytical approach (including thermal, optical, and thermo-optical techniques) was applied for these BC and OC measurements. Light absorbing dust aerosols have shown to poorly contribute (+17% on a yearly average) to light absorption coefficient (babs) measurements performed by an optical method (aethalometer). Long-range transport of agricultural waste burning from European countries surrounding the Black Sea was shown for each year during two periods (March–April and July–September). The contribution of biomass burning to the concentrations of BC and OC has shown to be rather small (20 and 14%, respectively, on a yearly basis), although this contribution could be much higher on a monthly basis and is expected a high intra and inter annual variability. By removing the biomass burning influence, our data revealed an important seasonal variation of OC, with an increase by almost a factor of two for the Spring months of May and June, whereas BC was found to be quite stable throughout the year. Preliminary measurements of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) have shown that the monthly mean WSOC/OC ratio remains stable throughout the year (0.45±0.12), suggesting that the partitioning between water soluble and water insoluble organic matter is not significantly affected by biomass burning and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A chemical mass closure performed in the fine mode (Aerodynamic Diameter, A.D.<1.5 μm) showed that the mass contribution of organic matter (POM) was found to be essentially invariable during the year (monthly average of 26±5%).

Intraperitoneal Alpha-emitting Radio Immunotherapy with Astatine-211 in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer; Long-term Follow-up with Individual Absorbed Dose Estimations

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. S94
Author(s):  
Andreas Hallqvist ◽  
Per Albertsson ◽  
Ragnar Hultborn ◽  
Stig Palm ◽  
Karin Bergmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Durability of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bar Used as Concrete Reinforcement: Temperature Effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Service Condition ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

This paper presents calibration of service temperature on the prediction of long-term performance of GFRP bar in reinforced concrete structures. Two approaches, based on monthly average temperature and yearly average temperature are proposed to simulate the real service condition on the RC structure for the study on long-term performance. A design example for the comparison of results by the two approaches is presented.

Possible use of food grade Isomalt material as an EPR dosimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Sobhy ◽  
Moshira El-Kelany ◽  
Mohamed Sadek Taher ◽  
Hasanat G. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Humidity Effect ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Abstract The feasibility of using Isomalt “the food grade substance” as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) material in monitoring the absorbed dose has been studied. Isomalt was prepared in two forms (powder and rods). The sensitivity of Isomalt to gamma rays exceeded by increasing the absorbed dose. The prepared powder can be used in monitoring the absorbed dose in the dose range up to 22 kGy, whereas the rods can be used in the range from 5 to 50 kGy (almost double the allowed powder range). After irradiation two signals were recorded using the EPR technique addressed as S1 and S2 with (g) factor valued by 2.01 ± 0.002 and 1.993 ± 0.002 respectively. This dosimeter offers negligible humidity effect during irradiation, short and long term stabilities were investigated as well. The obtained results may qualify the Isomalt substance to be used as dose monitoring in low and moderate irradiation doses.

Examining the Effect of Gamma Radiation Exposure in Early Stage of Concrete Curing on its Strength and Long-Term Durability

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Burnham ◽  
Long Huang ◽  
Tatjana Jevremovic
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Measured Dose

Hydration is a main process following mixing of cement with water, producing a chemical reaction between cement particles and water molecules known as Calcium-Silica-Hydroxide (C-S-H). The C-S-H acts as a binder between coarse and fine mix aggregates. During mixing, capillary voids are formed where water can easily become trapped. The van der Waals force being the principal source of strength between such compounds, voids become detrimental to long-term strength of concrete because they decrease the amount of surface area aggregate and cement particles have to come into contact with each other. An overall decrease in both pores size and their distribution in concrete increase density, therefore increasing the van der Waals force between these particles. In order to reduce capillary pores size and their distribution, in this paper we present a result from preliminary investigation on how gamma ray exposure during the early stages of the curing process affect the concrete mixture strength values. The gamma ray enhanced curing is expected to break the water molecules trapped in capillary pores into H+ and OH−, allowing these ions to escape and therefore result in densifying the concrete mixture. Concrete cubes of 5cm3 in volumes are exposed to isotropic 137Cs gamma emitting source. The absorbed dose in cubes is measured as well as calculated using MCNP6. Each concrete cube is exposed to a 630 MBq 137Cs source for seven continuous days. The absorbed dose is experimentally measured using a Landauer nanoDot system. The average measured dose is 1.12 Gy at the front and 0.33 at the back of a concrete, totaling 0.79 Gy. The average measured dose is 0.98 Gy at the front and 0.29 Gy at the back, totaling 0.69 Gy of absorbed dose, thus showing a good agreement between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements. Compressive strength of concrete mixes exposed to gamma rays during the curing time and those cured without exposure to gamma radiation are tested. Preliminary data shows that the average compressive strength for gamma ray enhanced curing of concrete mixes is in order of 9,000 psi while the average com-pressive strength for the cubes cured in dry air is on average about 5,000 psi. A number of new experiments is planed until the time of the Conference in providing more exact answer to the question: does gamma ray enhanced curing of concrete increase its strength and reduces the curing time?

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