The role of site effects on elevated seismic demands and corollary structural damage during the October 30, 2020, M7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Onder Cetin ◽  
Achilleas G. Papadimitriou ◽  
Selim Altun ◽  
Panagiotis Pelekis ◽  
Berna Unutmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Seismic Demands

scholarly journals POS0677 THE ROLE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND IN PREDICTING THE RESPONSE TO JAK INHIBITORS: RESULTS FROM A LARGE MONOCENTRIC COHORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
C. Garufi ◽  
F. Ceccarelli ◽  
F. R. Spinelli ◽  
S. Mancuso ◽  
C. Pirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Jak Inhibitors ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Background:In the management of chronic arthritis, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ultrasound (US) assessment can provide relevant information about the joint inflammatory status in the diagnostic phase and even more in the monitoring of disease activity and structural damage1,2.Objectives:In this longitudinal study, we aimed to assesse the role of US in predicting the efficacy of JAK-inhibitors (JAKi) in RA patients.Methods:We enrolled RA patients starting baricitinib or tofacitinib. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 12, 24, 48 weeks. Disease activity was calculated by DAS28CRP. US examination in 22 joints (I–V MCPs and PIPs, wrists) aimed at evaluating inflammatory features (synovial effusion and hypertrophy, power Doppler-PD), through a semi-quantitative scale (0-3). The total US (0-198) and PD (0-66) scores were calculated. We scanned bilateral flexor (I–V fingers of hands) and extensor compartments (1-6) tendons: tenosynovitis was scored as absent/present (0/1), resulting in a total score (0-22).Results:We studied 102 patients (M/F 15/87; median age 59.2 years, IQR 17.75; median disease duration 144 months, IQR 126), 61 treated with baricitinib and 41 with tofacitinib. At baseline, the median total US score was 18 (IQR 19) and the median PD score 2 (4). We observed a significant reduction in both total and PD US scores at all time-points (p<0.0001) (Figure 1). At baseline, 75.4% of patients showed tenosynovitis involving at least one tendon, with a median score of 2 (IQR 3.5) significantly decreasing after 24 weeks (p=0.02). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for baseline DAS28CRP and other concomitant treatments (including glucocorticoids and methotrexate treatment), confirmed the independent association between baseline US (PD and tenosynovitis) scores and the reduction of disease activity at follow-up evaluations.Conclusion:The present study confirmed the early efficacy of JAKi in RA patients by using US evaluation. Furthermore, power doppler and tenosynovitis scores could play a predictive role in response to treatment.References:[1]MUELLER RB, HASLER C, POPP F, et al. Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety of Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data from the St. Gallen and Aarau Cohorts. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1548.[2]COLEBATCH AN, EDWARDS CJ, ØSTERGAARD M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging of the joints in the clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):804-14.Figure 1.Ultrasound inflammatory score (a) and Ultrasound Power Doppler (PD) score (b) at baseline and follow-up.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of 414 RA patients.WEEKS04122448US inflammatory score18 (19)11 (15.5)9.5 (11.7)7.5 (8)6 (11)US PD score2 (4)0 (2)0 (1)0 (1)0 (0.7)Disclosure of Interests:Cristina Garufi: None declared, Fulvia Ceccarelli: None declared, Francesca Romana Spinelli Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Consultant of: Gilead/Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Silvia Mancuso: None declared, Carmelo Pirone: None declared, Fabrizio Conti Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Pfizer, Consultant of: Gilead/Galapagos

scholarly journals Dietary Modulation of Bacteriophages as an Additional Player in Inflammation and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Luigi Marongiu ◽  
Markus Burkard ◽  
Sascha Venturelli ◽  
Heike Allgayer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Species Specific

Natural compounds such as essential oils and tea have been used successfully in naturopathy and folk medicine for hundreds of years. Current research is unveiling the molecular role of their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the effect of these compounds on bacteriophages is still poorly understood. The application of bacteriophages against bacteria has gained a particular interest in recent years due to, e.g., the constant rise of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, or an increasing awareness of different types of microbiota and their potential contribution to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory and malignant conditions. Thus, a better knowledge of how dietary products can affect bacteriophages and, in turn, the whole gut microbiome can help maintain healthy homeostasis, reducing the risk of developing diseases such as diverse types of gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or even cancer. The present review summarizes the effect of dietary compounds on the physiology of bacteriophages. In a majority of works, the substance class of polyphenols showed a particular activity against bacteriophages, and the primary mechanism of action involved structural damage of the capsid, inhibiting bacteriophage activity and infectivity. Some further dietary compounds such as caffeine, salt or oregano have been shown to induce or suppress prophages, whereas others, such as the natural sweeter stevia, promoted species-specific phage responses. A better understanding of how dietary compounds could selectively, and specifically, modulate the activity of individual phages opens the possibility to reorganize the microbial network as an additional strategy to support in the combat, or in prevention, of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammation and cancer.

Assessment of Structural Damage following the October 30, 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake and Tsunami

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Can Altunisik ◽  
Barbaros Atmaca ◽  
Murat Emre Kartal ◽  
Murat Gunaydin ◽  
Serhat Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Aegean Sea

scholarly journals The 30 October 2020 Samos (Eastern Aegean Sea) Earthquake: effects of source rupture, path and local-site conditions on the observed and simulated ground motions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybige Akinci ◽  
Daniele Cheloni ◽  
AHMET ANIL DINDAR
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Eastern Aegean Sea

Abstract On 30 October 2020 a MW 7.0 earthquake occurred in the eastern Aegean Sea, between the Greek island of Samos and Turkey’s Aegean coast, causing considerable seismic damage and deaths, especially in the Turkish city of Izmir, approximately 70 km from the epicenter. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the Samos earthquake, starting from the fault rupture to the ground motion characteristics. We first use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data to constrain the source mechanisms. Then, we utilize this information to analyze the ground motion characteristics of the mainshock in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral pseudo-accelerations. Modelling of geodetic data shows that the Samos earthquake ruptured a NNE-dipping normal fault located offshore north of Samos, with up to 2.5-3 m of slip and an estimated geodetic moment of 3.3 ⨯ 1019 Nm (MW 7.0). Although low PGA were induced by the earthquake, the ground shaking was strongly amplified in Izmir throughout the alluvial sediments. Structural damage observed in Izmir reveals the potential of seismic risk due to the local site effects. To better understand the earthquake characteristics, we generated and compared stochastic strong ground motions with the observed ground motion parameters as well as the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), exploring also the efficacy of the region-specific parameters which may be improved to better predict the expected ground shaking from future large earthquakes in the region.

scholarly journals The role of smoking in the development and progression of structural damage in axial SpA patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servet Akar ◽  
◽  
Yusuf Cem Kaplan ◽  
Sertac Ecemis ◽  
Elif Keskin Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 Salinization on Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Traits of Potted Callistemon citrinus Plants

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Osmotic Solution ◽  
Physiological Acclimation ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The aim of this work was to assess the possible coordination mechanisms between leaf functional anatomical traits and physiological acclimation of potted Callistemon citrinus plants when subjected to two saline iso-osmotic solutions using NaCl or CaCl2. Digital image analysis was applied to quantify anatomical parameters with a specific focus on the occurrence of signs of structural damage as well as on alterations, such as the occurrence of shrunk tissues and accumulation of phenolic compounds. Morpho-anatomical analyses were accompanied by measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence emission. Results showed that C. citrinus plants, when irrigated with the CaCl2 solution, induced a leaf morpho-anatomical structure which did not allow the maintenance of high photosynthetic performance under such conditions, compared to both controls and plants treated with the iso-osmotic solution of NaCl. Data collected seem to suggest a close relationship between anatomical traits and eco-physiological strategies in maintaining the photosynthetic efficiency under saline stress conditions and highlight the fundamental role of leaf anatomy in imposing the limits of plant physiology.

scholarly journals Peptides Bearing Multiple Post-Translational Modifications as Antigenic Targets for Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13290
Author(s):  
Cristina García-Moreno ◽  
María J. Gómara ◽  
Raúl Castellanos-Moreira ◽  
Raimon Sanmartí ◽  
Isabel Haro
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Erosive Disease ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Modified Peptides ◽  
Chimeric Peptides

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that are of paramount importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Proteins resulting from post-translational modifications (PTMs) are capable of triggering autoimmune responses important for the development of RA. In this work, we investigate serum antibody reactivity in patients with an established RA against a panel of chimeric peptides derived from fibrin and filaggrin proteins and bearing from one to three PTMs (citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation) by home-designed ELISA tests (anti-AMPA autoantibodies). The role of anti-AMPAs as biomarkers linked to the presence of a more severe RA phenotype (erosive disease with radiological structural damage) and to the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a severe extra-articular manifestation in RA patients entailing a high mortality, was also analyzed. In general, the association with the clinical phenotype of RA was confirmed with the different autoantibodies, and especially for IgA and IgM isotypes. The prevalence of severe joint damage was only statistically significant for the IgG isotype when working with the peptide bearing three PTMs. Furthermore, the median titers were significantly higher in patients with RA-ILD, a finding not observed for the IgG isotype when working with the single- and double-modified peptides.

30 Ooctober 2020 Samos-Sigacik Earthquake: On Strong Ground Motion and Local Site Amplification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eser Çakti ◽  
Karin Sesetyan ◽  
Ufuk Hancilar ◽  
Merve Caglar ◽  
Emrullah Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Basin Effects ◽  
Strong Ground

&lt;p&gt;The Mw 6.9 earthquake that took place offshore between the Greek island of Samos and Turkey&amp;#8217;s &amp;#304;zmir province on 30 October 2020 came hardly as a surprise. Due to the extensional tectonic regime of the Aegean and high deformation rates, earthquakes of similar size frequently occur in the Aegean Sea on fault segments close to the shores of Turkey, affecting the settlements on mainland Turkey and on the Greek Islands. Samos-Sigacik earthquake had a normal faulting mechanism. It was recorded by the strong motion networks in Turkey and Greece. Although expected, the earthquake was an&amp;#160; outstanding event in the sense of&amp;#160; highly localized, significant levels of building damage as a result of amplified ground motion levels. This presentation is an overview of strong ground motion characteristics of this important event both regionally and locally. Mainshock records suggest that local site effects, enhanced by basin effects could be responsible for structural damage in central Izmir, the third largest city of Turkey located at 60-70 km epicentral distance. We installed a seven-station network in Bayrakl&amp;#305; and Kar&amp;#351;&amp;#305;yaka districts of &amp;#304;zmir within three days of the mainshock in search of site and basin effects.&amp;#160; Through analysis of recorded aftershocks we explore the amplification characeristics of soils in the two aforementioned districts&amp;#160; and try to understand the role basin effects might have played in the resulting ground motion levels and consequently damage.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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