scholarly journals It is Not (Always) the Mismatch That Beats You—On the Relationship Between Interaction of Early and Recent Life Stress and Emotion Regulation, an fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sokołowski ◽  
Monika Folkierska-Żukowska ◽  
Katarzyna Jednoróg ◽  
Marek Wypych ◽  
Wojciech Ł. Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractStress may impact the ability to effectively regulate emotions. To study the impact of stressful experiences in early and recent life on emotion regulation, we examined the relationship between early life stress, recent stress, and brain activation during cognitive reappraisal. We investigated two regulation goals: the decrease and increase of emotional response to both negative and positive stimuli. Furthermore, two models of stress consequences were examined: the cumulative and match/mismatch models. A total of 83 participants (Mage = 21.66) took part in the study. There was an interaction between cumulative stress and stimuli valence in the cuneus, superior lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus extending to supplementary motor area. Interaction between mismatched stress index and stimuli valence was found in the left hippocampus, left insula extending to the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala, and in a cluster including the anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole. Furthermore, there were differences between the effects of cumulative and mismatched stress indices on brain activation during reappraisal of positive but not negative stimuli. Results indicate that cumulative stress and match/mismatch approaches are both useful for explaining brain activation during reappraisal. This finding is important for our understanding of the multifaceted impact of stress on emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Modulatory effects of dynamic fMRI-based neurofeedback on emotion regulation networks in adolescent females

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Zich ◽  
Nicola Johnstone ◽  
Michael Lührs ◽  
Stephen Lisk ◽  
Simone P W Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Control Ability

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that difficulties with emotion regulation abilities in childhood and adolescence increase the risk for developing symptoms of mental disorders, e.g anxiety. We investigated whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based neurofeedback (NF) can modulate brain networks supporting emotion regulation abilities in adolescent females.We performed three studies (total N=63). We first compared different NF implementations regarding their effectiveness of modulating prefrontal cortex (PFC)-amygdala functional connectivity (fc). Further we assessed the effects of fc-NF on neural measures, emotional/metacognitive measures and their associations. Finally, we probed the mechanism underlying fc-NF by examining concentrations of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.Results showed that NF implementations differentially modulate PFC-amygdala fc. Using the most effective NF implementation we observed important relationships between neural and emotional/metacognitive measures, such as practice-related change in fc was related with change in thought control ability. Further, we found that the relationship between state anxiety prior to the MRI session and the effect of fc-NF was moderated by GABA concentrations in the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex.To conclude, we were able to show that fc-NF can be used in adolescent females to shape neural and emotional/metacognitive measures underlying emotion regulation. We further show that neurotransmitter concentrations moderate fc-NF-effects.

scholarly journals The role of emotion regulation as a mediator between early life stress and posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in Syrian refugees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynab Demir ◽  
Kerem Böge ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Corinna Hartling ◽  
Mazen R. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Early life stress is an important factor in later psychopathology, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of early life stress on psychiatric symptoms within a sample of Syrian refugees. In this model, the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was assessed as a potential mediator of the relationship between early life stress and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Bootstrap analyses were generated to test the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) on the relationship between early life stress (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms in eighty-nine Syrian refugees resided in Germany (n = 49) and Jordan (n = 40). The indirect effect of maladaptive strategies was significant between early life stress and psychopathology, whereas the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was not significant. The findings provide an evidence that emotional dysregulation is an underlying factor affecting psychological symptoms in refugees with adverse childhood experiences. These results suggest targeting cognitive emotion regulation in prospective prevention and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22015-22023
Author(s):  
Deanna M. Barch ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
Nourhan M. Elsayed ◽  
Diana Whalen ◽  
Kirsten Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Subsequent Risk

There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.

scholarly journals Social Media Exposure, Psychological Distress, Emotion Regulation, and Depression During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Community Samples in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ting Zhang ◽  
Rui-ting Li ◽  
Xiao-jun Sun ◽  
Ming Peng ◽  
Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global emergency, affecting millions of individuals both physically and psychologically. The present research investigated the associations between social media exposure and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak by examining the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of emotion regulation among members of the general public in China. Participants (N = 485) completed a set of questionnaires online, including demographic information, self-rated physical health, and social media exposure to topics related to COVID-19. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were utilized to measure psychological distress about COVID-19, depression, and emotion regulation strategies, respectively. Results found that older age and greater levels of social media exposure were associated with more psychological distress about the virus (r = 0.14, p = 0.003; r = 0.22, p < 0.001). Results of the moderated mediation model suggest that psychological distress mediated the relationship between social media exposure and depression (β = 0.10; Boot 95% CI = 0.07, 0.15). Furthermore, expressive suppression moderated the relationship between psychological distress and depression (β = 0.10, p = 0.017). The findings are discussed in terms of the need for mental health assistance for individuals at high risk of depression, including the elderly and individuals who reported greater psychological distress and those who showed preference usage of suppression, during the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Psychological and biological resilience modulates the effects of stress on epigenetic aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Harvanek ◽  
Nia Fogelman ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Rajita Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOur society is experiencing more stress than ever before, leading to both negative psychiatric and physical outcomes. Chronic stress is linked to negative long-term health consequences, raising the possibility that stress is related to accelerated aging. In this study, we examine whether resilience factors affect stress-associated biological age acceleration. Recently developed “epigenetic clocks” such as GrimAge have shown utility in predicting biological age and mortality. Here, we assessed the impact of cumulative stress, stress physiology, and resilience on accelerated aging in a community sample (N = 444). Cumulative stress was associated with accelerated GrimAge (P = 0.0388) and stress-related physiologic measures of adrenal sensitivity (Cortisol/ACTH ratio) and insulin resistance (HOMA). After controlling for demographic and behavioral factors, HOMA correlated with accelerated GrimAge (P = 0.0186). Remarkably, psychological resilience factors of emotion regulation and self-control moderated these relationships. Emotion regulation moderated the association between stress and aging (P = 8.82e−4) such that with worse emotion regulation, there was greater stress-related age acceleration, while stronger emotion regulation prevented any significant effect of stress on GrimAge. Self-control moderated the relationship between stress and insulin resistance (P = 0.00732), with high self-control blunting this relationship. In the final model, in those with poor emotion regulation, cumulative stress continued to predict additional GrimAge Acceleration even while accounting for demographic, physiologic, and behavioral covariates. These results demonstrate that cumulative stress is associated with epigenetic aging in a healthy population, and these associations are modified by biobehavioral resilience factors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Concerns About COVID-19 on Anxiety, Stress, Parental Burnout, and Emotion Regulation: The Role of Susceptibility to Digital Emotion Contagion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Prikhidko ◽  
Haiying Long ◽  
Michael G. Wheaton
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotion Contagion

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused social and economic turmoil, which has led to enormous strain for many families. Past work with pandemic outbreaks suggests that media attention can increase anxiety and compensatory behaviors. Social isolation can lead to increase in online communication and parents who use social media may be affected by other people's emotions online through what is known as digital emotion contagion (DEC). The current study aimed to examine the role of DEC in the relationship between stress, concern about COVID-19, parental burnout and emotion regulation (ER).Methods: In April 2020, an online survey was advertised in Social Media Parenting Groups and published on FIU Psychology online research system SONA. Data were analyzed using correlational analysis, linear and multiple linear regression, and moderation analysis.Results: Concern about COVID-19 predicted stress, depression, and parental burnout. Susceptibility to DEC significantly increased the impact of stress on parental burnout. Having relatives infected with COVID-19 increased the effect of DEC on parental burnout. A higher level of ER buffered the relationship between emotion contagion and concern about COVID-19.Conclusion: These findings suggest that susceptibility to digital emotion contagion may have a negative effect on parents. Digital emotion contagion may increase parental burnout and is tied to stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stimulus Valence and Emotion Regulation on Sustained Brain Activation: Task-Rest Switching in Emotion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e93098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Lamke ◽  
Judith K. Daniels ◽  
Denise Dörfel ◽  
Michael Gaebler ◽  
Rasha Abdel Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Stress, Hope, and Depression Among Older Adults Living in Public Housing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 338-338
Author(s):  
Mignon Montpetit ◽  
LaKeesha James-Smith ◽  
Amy Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Individuals living in public housing often experience myriad stressors related to poverty and mental illness. The current study explores how hope impacts the relationship between stress and depression in a sample of adults (aged 51-90 years; Mage= 63.3 years; SDage= 8.6 years) living in public housing. Questionnaire data were collected before and after running an intervention geared toward improving residents’ well-being. Results of the initial questionnaire study suggest that hope moderates the stress -> depression relationship (p = .001), with effects in the expected directions: individuals exhibiting higher-than-average levels of stress and below-average hope reported the highest levels of depression. Data further suggest modest increases in hope post-intervention (p = .06). Overall, results suggest that hope may be important in helping mitigate the impact of life stress on vulnerable individuals, and that it can be augmented in the context of a short-term, cost-effective intervention.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Reappraisal and Suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Shu ◽  
Kevin Ochsner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health It ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of understanding how attitudes towards uncertainty affect well-being. Intolerance of uncertainty is a trait associated with anxiety, worry, and mood disorders. As adaptive emotion regulation supports well-being and mental health, it is possible that intolerance of uncertainty decreases the capacity to use adaptive emotion regulation and increases the use of maladaptive strategies. However, little research exists on the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal and suppression. Study 1 demonstrated that scores on the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale were associated with greater worry related to the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased capacity to implement reappraisal, and greater self-reported use of suppression in daily life. Study 2 provided a preregistered replication of these findings. These results suggest that intolerance of uncertainty may impact mental health by reducing the capacity and tendency to use adaptive emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Functional Alterations and Cerebral Variations in Humans Exposed to Early Life Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. González-Acosta ◽  
Christian A. Rojas-Cerón ◽  
Efraín Buriticá
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
The Impact

Early life stress can be caused by acute or chronic exposure to childhood events, such as emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and neglect. Early stress is associated with subsequent alterations in physical and mental health, which can extend into adolescence, adulthood, and even old age. The effects of early stress exposure include alterations in cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral functions, and can even lead to the development of psychiatric disorders and changes in brain anatomy. The present manuscript provides a review of the main findings on these effects reported in the scientific literature in recent decades. Early life stress is associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders, mainly mood disorders such as depression and risk of suicide, as well as with the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the neuropsychological level, the involvement of different mental processes such as executive functions, abstract reasoning, certain memory modalities, and poor school-skill performance has been reported. In addition, we identified reports of alterations of different subdomains of each of these processes. Regarding neuroanatomical effects, the involvement of cortical regions, subcortical nuclei, and the subcortical white matter has been documented. Among the telencephalic regions most affected and studied are the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Understanding the impact of early life stress on postnatal brain development is very important for the orientation of therapeutic intervention programs and could help in the formulation and implementation of preventive measures as well as in the reorientation of research targets.

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