scholarly journals Pulmonary inflammation following intratracheal instillation of cellulose nanofibrils in rats: comparison with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhide Fujita ◽  
Sawae Obara ◽  
Junko Maru ◽  
Shigehisa Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract Safety assessment of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is required to accelerate the utilization of these materials in industrial applications. The present study aimed to characterize the effects on rat pulmonary inflammation over a period of 90 days following intratracheal instillation of three types of CNFs or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at doses of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg. The pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by phosphorylated CNFs (CNF1), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized CNFs (CNF2), CNFs produced via mechanical defibrillation (CNF3), and MWCNTs were investigated using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, histopathological findings, and comprehensive gene expression profiling of rat lungs. CNF1 and CNF2 with approximately equal diameter (7.0–8.0 nm) and length (0.8–1.0 µm) distributions induced inflammation after dosing, which was attenuated 90 days post-instillation. CNF3 of relatively greater thickness (21.2 nm) and longer length (1.7 μm) deposited around the terminal bronchioles were observed after instillation. Acute inflammatory responses in the alveoli induced by CNF3 were mild compared with those induced by other materials and attenuated 90 days post-instillation. MWCNTs induced severe pulmonary inflammatory responses that continued during the test period. The inflammation failed to resolve within 90 days post-instillation. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed comparable gene expression profiles for CNF1, CNF2, and CNF3, whereas profiles of MWCNTs were different from those of other test substances. This study suggests that pulmonary inflammation is associated with the diameter and length distributions of CNFs and that the pulmonary inflammation caused by CNFs is mild compared with that caused by MWCNTs. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Oliveira ◽  
Simone Morais
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have provided unprecedented advances in the design of electrochemical sensors. They are composed by sp2 carbon units oriented as multiple concentric tubes of rolled-up graphene, and present remarkable active surface area, chemical inertness, high strength, and low charge-transfer resistance in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. MWCNT are very versatile and have been boosting the development of a new generation of electrochemical sensors with application in medicine, pharmacology, food industry, forensic chemistry, and environmental fields. This work highlights the most important synthesis methods and relevant electrochemical properties of MWCNT for the construction of electrochemical sensors, and the numerous configurations and successful applications of these devices. Thousands of studies have been attesting to the exceptional electroanalytical performance of these devices, but there are still questions in MWCNT electrochemistry that deserve more investigation, aiming to provide new outlooks and advances in this field. Additionally, MWCNT-based sensors should be further explored for real industrial applications including for on-line quality control.

Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of short and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Woo Lee ◽  
Chikara Kadoya ◽  
Masanori Horie ◽  
Yohei Mizuguchi ◽  
Masayoshi Hashiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

scholarly journals Nanomaterial- and shape-dependency of TLR2 and TLR4 mediated signaling following pulmonary exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Høgh Danielsen ◽  
Katja Maria Bendtsen ◽  
Kristina Bram Knudsen ◽  
Sarah Søs Poulsen ◽  
Tobias Stoeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract Background Pulmonary exposure to high doses of engineered carbonaceous nanomaterials (NMs) is known to trigger inflammation in the lungs paralleled by an acute phase response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2 and TLR4, have recently been discussed as potential NM-sensors, initiating inflammation. Using Tlr2 and Tlr4 knock out (KO) mice, we addressed this hypothesis and compared the pattern of inflammation in lung and acute phase response in lung and liver 24 h after intratracheal instillation of three differently shaped carbonaceous NMs, spherical carbon black (CB), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO) plates and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as positive control. Results The LPS control confirmed a distinct TLR4-dependency as well as a pronounced contribution of TLR2 by reducing the levels of pulmonary inflammation to 30 and 60% of levels in wild type (WT) mice. At the doses chosen, all NM caused comparable neutrophil influxes into the lungs of WT mice, and reduced levels were only detected for GO-exposed Tlr2 KO mice (35%) and for CNT-exposed Tlr4 KO mice (65%). LPS-induced gene expression was strongly TLR4-dependent. CB-induced gene expression was unaffected by TLR status. Both GO and MWCNT-induced Saa1 expression was TLR4-dependent. GO-induced expression of Cxcl2, Cxcl5, Saa1 and Saa3 were TLR2-dependent. NM-mediated hepatic acute phase response in terms of liver gene expression of Saa1 and Lcn2 was shown to depend on TLR2 for all three NMs. TLR4, in contrast, was only relevant for the acute phase response caused by CNTs, and as expected by LPS. Conclusion TLR2 and TLR4 signaling was not involved in the acute inflammatory response caused by CB exposure, but contributed considerably to that of GO and CNTs, respectively. The strong involvement of TLR2 in the hepatic acute phase response caused by pulmonary exposure to all three NMs deserves further investigations.

scholarly journals Long‐term retention of pristine multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohide Shinohara ◽  
Tetsuya Nakazato ◽  
Kumiko Ohkawa ◽  
Moritaka Tamura ◽  
Norihiro Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

EFFECTS OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON RAT LIVER AND BRAIN

NANO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 1450083
Author(s):  
FU-DE WANG ◽  
LING-LING CAO ◽  
CHAN JIN ◽  
HAO LIANG ◽  
CHUN-WANG MA
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely applied in various fields due to excellent physical and chemical properties. As production and applications of nanotubes expand, public concern about their potential risks to human health has also risen. In the present study, the effects of CNTs on rat liver and brain by single intratracheal instillation were detected. CNTs [either single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)] could be seen in the lung and liver indicating the transfer of CNTs by blood stream. CNTs could induce oxidative stress in liver with elevated Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and degressive GSH level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT activity. To brain, maybe due to the blood brain barrier and the increased SOD and CAT activity, serious oxidative stress of brain did not occur.

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