Effect of a synthesized chitosan flame retardant on the flammability, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/bamboo nonwoven fiber composites

Mechanical properties of vinyl ester hybrid composites reinforced with alkali treated Smilax zeylanica and sisal fibers were studied at wet condition in the present communication. Hybrid composites were fabricated by using a simple hand lay up technique based on three different fiber loading of 25, 35, and 45 wt.% with alkali treated fibers. Hybrid composite specimens were then subjected to the water absorption test to observe the behaviours of composite specimens at wet condition under mechanical loads such as tensile, flexural and impact. Water absorption test was carried out in two ways at distilled water environment at room temperature. First way test was conducted for 10 days to observe the percentage of water particle absorption of hybrid composites. Second way test was performed for 5 days to determine the mechanical properties of hybrid composites at wet condition to observe its durability when they are used in outdoor applications. Mechanical properties of hybrid composite specimens at wet conditions were compared with the dry composite specimens. Experimental results showed that the percentage of the water particle absorption in the alkali treated hybrid fiber composites is lower as compared to the untreated hybrid fiber composites. Mechanical properties of alkali treated hybrid fiber composites at wet condition are slightly reduced as compared to the treated hybrid fiber composite at dry condition. As a result, it is observed that the resistance for the penetration of the water particles is higher for the alkali treated smilax zeylanica and sisal fibers reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites. The fracture surfaces of the hybrid composite specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope to understand the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties.

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Improvement Properties of Recycled Polypropylene by Reinforcement of Coir Fiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2027 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 2027-2030 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Poonsub Threepopnatkul ◽

Chanin Kulsetthanchalee ◽

K. Bunmee ◽

N. Kliaklom ◽

W. Roddouyboon

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Coir Fiber ◽

Recycled Polypropylene

This research was to study the related mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene from post consumer containers reinforced with coir fiber. Surface of coir fiber was treated with sodium hydroxide to remove lignin and hemicelluloses and likely to improve the interfacial adhesion in the composites. The composites of treated coir fiber and recycled polypropylene were prepared by varying the coir fiber contents at 5%, 10% and 20% by weight using a twin screw extruder. The thermal properties were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results from TGA showed that thermal stability of the composites was lower than that of recycled polypropylene resin and thermal stability decreased with increasing coir fiber content. From DSC results, it indicated that the crystallinity of treated coir fiber composites increased as a function of fiber content. The mechanical properties of injection-molded samples were studied by universal testing machine. The treated coir fiber composites produced enhanced mechanical properties. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength of modified coir fiber/recycled polypropylene composites increased as a function of coir fiber content.

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Effect of flame retardants on mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based polyurethane rigid foams

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra05519d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (49) ◽

pp. 30860-30872

Author(s):

Qirui Gong ◽

Liangyu Qin ◽

Liangmin Yang ◽

Keke Liang ◽

Niangui Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Rigid Foam ◽

Rigid Foams ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Polyurethane Rigid Foam

A vegetable oil-based polyurethane rigid foam containing a phosphorus–nitrogen dualflame retardant system was prepared, and the foam exhibited not only excellent flame retardant properties but also good mechanical properties.

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Basalt Fiber-Based Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites: Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Flame Retardancy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040902 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 902

Author(s):

Yu Guo ◽

Meihui Zhou ◽

Guang-Zhong Yin ◽

Ehsan Kalali ◽

Na Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Basalt Fiber ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Impact

We aimed to study the impact of surface modification of basalt fiber (BF) on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber-based epoxy composites. Four different types of pretreatment approaches to BF were used; then a silane coupling agent (KH550) was applied to further modify the pretreated BF, prior to the preparation of epoxy resin (EP)/BF composites. The combination of acetone (pre-treatment) and KH550 (formal surface treatment) for basalt fiber (BT-AT) imparted the EP/BF composite with the best performance in both tensile and impact strengths. Subsequently, such modified BF was introduced into the flame-retardant epoxy composites (EP/AP750) to prepare basalt fiber reinforced flame-retardant epoxy composite (EP/AP750/BF-AT). The fire behaviors of the composites were evaluated by vertical burning test (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimetry. In comparison to the flame-retardant properties of EP/AP750, the incorporation of BF-AT slightly reduced LOI value from 26.3% to 25.1%, maintained the good performance in vertical burning test, but increased the peak of the heat release rate. Besides, the thermal properties and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), universal tensile test, impact test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

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Structures and Characterization of Organoclay-Epoxy-Vinylester Nanocomposites

Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Technology ◽

10.1115/imece2002-33552 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farzana Hussain ◽

Derrick Dean ◽

Anwarul Haque

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Vinyl Ester ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Nano Clay

The field of polymer-clay nanocomposites has attracted considerable attention as a method of enhancing polymer properties and extending their utility. Layered silicates dispersed as a reinforcing phase in a polymer matrix are one of the most important forms of such inorganic-organic nanocomposites, making them the subject of intense research. We have recently prepared several thermoset-based nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. This paper is primarily focused in studying the effects of nano clay particles such as montmorillonite on improving mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer matrix composite. Epoxy and vinyl ester nanocomposites were prepared by adding different weight percentages (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) of montmorillonite nano clay particles to epoxy and vinyl ester matrices. The results show significant improvements in mechanical and thermal properties of the nanostructured materials with low loading of organo silicates. Thermal property measurement includes dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and flexural modulus of polymer matrix were improved in nano structured materials owing to their unique phase morphology and improved interfacial interactions. Molecular dispersion of the layered silicate within the cross-linked matrix was verified using Wide Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealing the intercalated nanocomposites were formed.

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Effect of Synthesized Chitosan Flame Retardant On Flammability, Thermal, And Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester/Bamboo Nonwoven Fiber Composites

10.21203/rs.3.rs-723535/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prabhakar M.N. ◽

K Venkata Chalapathi ◽

Ur Rehman Shah Atta ◽

Jung-il Song

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Heat Release Rate ◽

Release Rate ◽

Vinyl Ester ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ul 94

Abstract In this study, chitosan-based bio-flame retardant additive (referred to as NCS) was prepared by altering the chitosan (CS) chemically with silica (S) via ion interchange reaction and studied the effect on flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/bamboo fiber (VE/BF) composites manufactured by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used to characterize the NCS. The spectral results revealed a new peak at 1560 cm-1 corresponding to NH3+–-O Si, bring up the interactive bond between CS and S. SEM, and XRD showed the diverse morphology (coarse surface), and significant decrement in the intensity of diffraction patterns respectively support further the formation of NCS. The heat release rate of NCS decreased significantly by 76%, and residual char increased by 47% compared with chitosan. The flame retardant and thermal behavior of NCS-VE/BF composites were examined by UL-94 standards, micro and cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a delay in burning time in UL-94, enhanced LOI % and decrement of peak heat release rate and total heat release rate compared to pure composites by 32, 14, and 18%, respectively. The residual char increased by 47%. The mechanical properties also improved satisfactorily. Overall, the synthesized NCS could be suitable for the fabrication of sustainable flame-retardant natural fiber composite without deterioration of mechanical properties that are suitable for sub-structural parts in engineering applications.

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Investigation of Mechanical Properties on Vinyl Ester Based Hybrid Composites

Third International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering Science and Technology ICCTEST-2017 ◽

10.21647/icctest/2017/48963 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

S. B. Karthik ◽

B. K. Sriranga

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Vinyl Ester ◽

Hybrid Composites

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The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13010127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Sun ◽

Yazhen Wang ◽

Li Liu ◽

Tianyuan Xiao

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Phosphorus Containing ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.

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